Tcp/Ip

Over the years, the Internet has been enhanced with new accessible correspondence advancements, for both fixed and versatile organizations and gadgets, showing a significant development in terms of execution, with consistently expanding affordable information rates. The Internet research network has continued attempting to develop the transport layer protocols to coordinate present-day organizations' abilities to receive the rewards of the new correspondence advances ultimately. This paper studies the principle oddities identified with transport protocols that have been as of late proposed, distinguishing three fundamental examination patterns. The advancement of clog control calculations, to target ideal execution in testing situations, conceivably with the utilization of machine learning methods; the proposition of spic and span transport protocols, option in contrast to the Transmission Control Protocol formally known as TCP also, executed in the client space.

VMware guest machines are able to communicate with their host using a special kind of sockets called " vsockets ". These sockets can be used even if the typical TCP/IP network protocols are not available at the guest. Since " vsockets " don't use the TCP/IP protocol stack, they are not " visible " to common network testing and penetration testing tools.In this paper we present a set of tools designed to provide a bridge between TCP/IP tools and the " vsockets ". These tools can also be useful for learning " vsockets " behavior and concepts.

Recently, Long-Term Evolution (LTE) is the result of ongoing work by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) toward Fourth Generation (4G) systems. LTE will be used for mobile, fixed and portable wireless broadband access, and will offer several benefits to operators, aimed at increasing capacity, reducing network complexity and thus lowering deployment and operational costs. It will enable operators to meet the growing demand for mobile data solutions, making it possible for richer services to be delivered to consumers more cost effectively. The targets for LTE indicate bandwidth increases as high as 100 Mbps on the downlink, and up to 50 Mbps on the uplink. However, this potential increase in bandwidth is just a small part of the overall improvement LTE aims to provide. This study illustrates the model and representation of LTE links and traffics using NS-2 network simulator and observation of TCP Reno performance investigated. The Evaluation of the network performance with TCP Reno is mainly based on congestion window behavior, throughput, average delay and lost packet.

—Denial of Service (DoS) or Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) is a powerful attack which prevents the system from providing services to its legitimate users. Several approaches exist to filter network-level attacks, but application-level attacks are harder to detect at the firewall. Filtering at application level can be computationally expensive and difficult to scale, while still creating bogus positives that block legitimate users. In this paper, authors show application layer DoS attack for SIP server using some open source DoS attack tools and also suggest a mechanism that can protect a given SIP server from application-level DoS attacks especially the attacks targeting the resources including CPU, sockets, memory of the victim server. In this paper author's attempt to illustrate application layer distributed denial of Service (DDoS) attack on SIP Server such as SIP flooding attack, real time transport (RTP) flooding attack using open source DDoS attack tools. We propose a new DDoS defence mechanism that protects SIP servers from application-level DDoS attacks based on the two methodologies: IPtables and fail2ban detection. The attack flow detection mechanism detects attach flows based on the symptom or stress at the server, since it is getting more difficult to identify bad flows only based on the incoming traffic patterns. A popular software known as Wireshark which is a network protocol analyzer is used to capture the packets during DoS attack from the victim server Ethernet interface to detect the attacking host IP address and analysis the types of attack. We evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme via experiment.

Cette application consiste à réaliser un programme informatique qui contrôler un moteur pas-à-pas sur un CAN bus au travers un réseau Ethernet. Pour ce faire, nous avons décidé que l'application qui envoi et reçoit les messages sur le bus CAN sera une application serveur. Un programme client situé sur un PC quelconque du réseau local sera chargé d'envoyer des commandes au serveur en utilisant le protocole TCP/IP.

The TCP/IP protocol suite is known to be lacking security in many aspects, which may allow an attacker to leverage them using some techniques in the form of covert communications. Secret messages could be embedded into one of the TCP/IP header fields and possibly not get detected by various firewalls or intrusion detection systems (IDS’s). This paper proposes a novel covert channel utilizing the IP timestamp option inside an IPv4 packet header to exchange a secret message with another party.

International Organization for Standardization (ISO) membuat suatu arsitektur komunikasi yang dikenal sebagai Open System Interconnection (OSI) model yang mendefinisikan standar untuk menghubungkan komputer-komputer dari vendor-vendor yang berbeda. sedengkan TCP/IP adalah Transmision Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)  adalah standar komunikasi data yang digunakan oleh pengguna internet dalam proses tukar menukar data dari satu computer satu ke  computer lain di dalam jaringan internet.

The TCP/IP protocol suite was created as an internetworking solution with little or no regard to security aspects. The development of TCP/IP protocol suite was focused on the creating a communication protocol standard that can interoperate between different hardware devices and software independent. Other major goals included; failure recovery and  the ability to handle high error rates,  efficient protocol with low overhead, routable data and  the ability to add new networks to an already existing network without disrupting the existing network (TCP/IP Foundations, Sybex, San Francisco and London. Andrew G Blank. 2004.). 
Its main emphasis was providing a suite Security was not given priority in the creation of this protocol suite. Hence, by default, TCP/IP has security flaws at both the protocol level and implementation.  The major types of possible attacks that are highlighted in ths paper are denial of service.

Many previous studies have shown that traditional TCP slow-start algorithm suffers performance degradation in high-speed and long-delay networks. This paper presents a sender-side enhancement, which makes use of TCP Vegas congestion-detecting scheme to monitor the router queue, and
accordingly refines slow-start window evolution by introducing
a two-phase approach to probe bandwidth more efficiently.
Moreover, it achieves good fairness of bandwidth utilization in
coexistence of multiple connections. Simulation results show that, compared with traditional slow-start and many other enhancements, it is able to significantly improve the startup performance without adversely affecting coexisting TCP connections.

This report describes the experiments performed for the project assigned in the Advanced Networking course during the 2011-2012 academic year. Our aim was to conduct some tests, in different scenarios, of the TCP Westwood+ congestion control algorithm. Then we will show its advantages and disadvantages and a comparison with the one described in the TCP CUBIC
protocol.

Sot gjithnje e me shume kemi nje zhvillim te teknologjise e cila eshte ne funksion te permiresimit te kualitetit te jetes te njerezve ane e mbane botes. Dhe megjithese jemi nje shtet i ri, dhe ne fazat e hershme te zhvillimit konsideroj se sa i perket teknologjise qendrojme me hap me shtetet me te zhvilluara ne bote. Sigurisht qe mosha e re e popullates sone, eshte nje vlere e shtuar ne kete drejtim. Prandaj tema e cila eshte shtjelluar ne kete projekt do te flase per bazat e koncepteve se si funksion interneti, dhe historikun e saj deri ne ditet e sotme.
Ne punim jane dhene disa njohuri bazike ne lidhje me rrjetet e para dhe zhvillimin e internetit, gjithashtu ne jemi munduar qe ta shtjellojm shkurtimisht dhe ta paraqesim para juve nje historik te shkurt te zhvillimit te teknologjis informative, konceptet bazike se si dhe cka i mundeson transferimin e te dhenave ane e kende botes, gjithashtu do te flasim dhe per rendesin e sigurimit te ketyre rrjeteve, qe te mos keqeperdoren apo infromacioni te mos bije ne duarte te gabaura.
Pjesa me e madhe e punimit eshte e bazuar ne hulumtimin ne literature dhe shpjegime teorike bazike e siperfaqsore pa hyre ne detaje shkencore, apo dhe sqarime me te detajuara rreth funksionimit te rrjeteve, sidoqofte ky eshte fillimi i nje studimi te gjate.

Em uma rede IP, antes que os dispositivos possam se comunicar, eles precisam ter seus próprios endereços IP. Há duas maneiras de configurar um endereço IP em um dispositivo:

 Atribuir estaticamente um endereço IP. Isso significa, digitar manualmente um endereço IP para este computador
 Usar um protocolo para que o computador possa obter seu endereço IP automaticamente (dinamicamente). O protocolo mais popular hoje em dia para fazer esta tarefa é chamado DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) e vamos aprender mais sobre o DHCP neste laboratório.

Uma grande vantagem de usar DHCP é a capacidade de ingressar em uma rede sem saber detalhes sobre ela. Por exemplo, você vai a uma cafeteria, com DHCP ativado em seu computador, você pode entrar online sem fazer nada.
No dia seguinte você entra online na sua faculdade e você não precisa configurar nada, mesmo que as redes da cafeteria e sua faculdade sejam diferentes (por exemplo, a rede da cafeteria é 192.168.1.0/24 enquanto a de sua faculdade é 10.0.0.0/8). Muito legal, certo? Sem DHCP, você tem que perguntar a alguém que sabe sobre as redes em seu local, em seguida, configurar manualmente um endereço IP nesse intervalo.

Uma situação perigosa é que o IP escolhido pode ser o mesmo que alguém já esteja usando nessa rede e um conflito de endereço pode ocorrer. Então, como DHCP pode oferecer um endereço IP adequado para você automaticamente? Vamos descobrir agora!

There is a slight difference between Computer Science (CS) and Computer Engineering research. The fundamental knowledge underlying computing research is from philosophy. Philosophical research is characterized by abstract academic exercise which are constrained by reasoning and formalized in logic. At the next level is Mathematics. Mathematical research are analytic in nature and they are constrained by theoretically provable propositions and axioms. Computer science is at the next level of research and it derives its power of expression from mathematics, particularly discrete mathematics.

Recent advancements in the field of Internet of Things (IoT) have turned this area in one of the most promising research topics to bring innovative and useful technologies in the future. Solutions for a low-cost and efficient Home Automation model have always been a widely addressed problem; This study focuses on the architecture and design of wireless, flexible and inexpensive smart home system. Using Mega 2560 Arduino Board Platform, we develop an intelligent system able to send real-time video and GSM-based information of a break-in, fire and motion detection, along with an advanced temperature and humidity monitoring system. A prototype is designed, and tested on China Mobile Network, in 20 samples the prototype shows a 9.4s average time of response.

The number of edge devices has been increasing exponentially since the advent of computing devices, this has been accelerated by the gaining popularity and accessibility provided by networks mainly the Internet, the development and further work in these domains has created the world we live in now where all edge devices are now categorised as nodes in an Internet of Things (IoT) enabled world. With the exponential increase in the number of edge devices, these existing technologies should be optimized for various functionalities to ensure Quality of Services to users. This is where network optimization.Machine learning and Artificial Intelligence is going to play an important role in this approach, as each edge device will be connecting to a service or providing a service. Using Machine learning, we can reduce the time of packet processing on the intelligent devices, as each edge device will be wrapping its data packet on its own with all required policies and permits.

Qu'est ce que TCP/IP ? TCP/IP est un ensemble de protocoles routables (i. e on peut faire passer des paquets d'un segment à un autre), standards, pour les réseaux d'entreprises. Tous les systèmes d'exploitation prennent en charge TCP/IP ce qui permet d'interconnecter des systèmes hétérogènes. En outre, TCP/IP possède une structure de client-serveur multi-plates-formes robuste et évolutive et il est le protocole d'Internet. Utilitaires TCP/IP Les utilitaires suivants fonctionnent avec le protocole TCP/IP pour permettre l'accès aux hôtes étrangers et à Internet. Utilitaires de Transfert de données : FTP File Transfert Protocol. Assure le transfert bidirectionnel de fichiers entre deux hôtes TCP/IP même faisant partis d'environnements hétérogènes. Il utilise le protocole TCP qui est sécurisé. Attention, pour que cela fonctionne il faut qu'au moins l'un des deux hôtes exécute le logiciel serveur. C'est notamment l'utilitaire qui permet d'échanger des fichiers entre NT et Unix. TFTP Trivial File Transfert Protocol. Idem que FTP mais se base sur le protocole UDP qui lui n'est pas sécurisé. Attention, pour que cela fonctionne il faut qu'au moins l'un des deux hôtes exécute le logiciel serveur. RCP Remote Copy Control Copie des fichiers entre un hôte NT et un hôte Unix.

The term 'Information Technology' evolved in the 1970s and if we consider a medium or large company providing goods or services, its information technology department will be responsible for storing, protecting, processing, retrieving and transmitting the information. Information Technology (IT) is a wide and varied sector, and is represented in some form in almost all the industries. It is a blend of computers and communication technology where IT professionals perform variety of duties, ranging from development and installation of applications to designing complex computer networks and databases. Although, the term 'Information Technology' is becoming more familiar to the common man some people still wonder, what is information technology? As a concept, it has evolved from the basic usage of computers, internet and processing of information in any industry. In Pakistan use of internet is growing rapidly day by day. It has given rise to new opportunities in every field we can think of – be it entertainment, business, sports or education. It is very much obvious that there are two sides to a coin; Internet also has its own advantages and disadvantages. One of the major disadvantages is Cyber-crime or misuse of Information and Technology– illegal activity committed on the internet. The internet, along with its advantages, which has made the world into a ‘Global Village’ in return, has also exposed us to security risks that come with connecting to a large network. Computers today are being misused for illegal activities like e-mail espionage, credit card fraud, spam, software piracy and so on, which invade our privacy and offend our senses. Criminal activities in the cyberspace are on the rise. In this study we would give suggestions and means with which effective enforcement of Cyber Laws in Pakistan would be implemented.

Para se falar das portas primeiro tem que se falar da camada de transporte porque a função da camada de transporte é o de fornecer comunicação lógica entre processos de aplicação em diferentes hospedeiros. Os protocolos de transporte são executados nos sistemas finais Lado emissor: quebra as mensagens da aplicação em segmentos e envia para a camada de rede. Lado receptor: remonta os segmentos em mensagens e passa para a camada de aplicação. Porta é uma identificação lógica presente na camada de transporte, que irá identificar o processo que está efetuando a comunicação. Quase todos os programas se comunicam usando o modelo cliente-servidor, Os programas servidores sempre esperam pelas requisições dos clientes em portas amplamente conhecidas, chamadas de
Portas Bem-Conhecidas (Well-Known Ports). Cada número de porta é um número de 16 bits que podem variar de 0 a 65535 (pois 216 = 65536). Desta forma, o cliente geralmente sabe o número de porta na qual o servidor espera pela comunicação. O próprio cliente também escolhe um número de porta disponível para que ele possa receber a resposta
do servidor.

Since the Internet of Things (IoT) is gaining acceptance worldwide, manufacturers have proposed cheap modules and development boards for its implementation. Even if those devices have been in the markets for some years, just a few studies assess their network performance. In this work, we selected the ESP8266, a well-known IoT module, and evaluated its TCP performance in normal operation, and when facing a Denial of Service (DoS) attack. The performance evaluation was done for both IPv4 and IPv6 using two different platforms for development.

This paper is about an RFID based smart gate entry control system (GECS) which is developed for the
employees of an organization to supervise and record their entry related activity. Entire system is
developed with low frequency RFID reader & passive tag at one end & network based application
software running at the other end. The developed application with back-end application software
provides solutions regarding employee presence in the organization, keep track their transaction, and
calculate total work duration within organization. Here we discussed data base technique & logic for
automatic report generation related to employee’s monthly presence activity. We also discussed about
why & how SMTP code can be helpful to develop an auto E-mail delivery feature for the monthly report
to the concerned employee's institutional Head.

Port Scanning is a method which is used in the vulnerability Detection of a host Machine. Port scanning is a phase in footprinting and scanning; this comes in reconnaissance which is considered as the first stage of a computer attack. However there are different methods that can be used in different circumstances to perform a port scanning. But each method has its own cons and pros. This survey paper presents few such methods that was developed long ago but are in constant research and the tools that employ these methods. The paper presents different methods and compares them.