Spectrum Refarming

This paper seeks to assess radio-spectrum refarming in selected African countries. It provides an overview of the debate around spectrum refarming and it presents case studies that offer insights into the African context. This discussion identifies regulatory constrains hindering an optimal usage of premium frequencies and provides policy and regulatory recommendations on how to facilitate spectrum refarming.
Findings show that the analysed African regulatory environments have implemented a technology-neutral licensing regime to enhance competition. Although this regulatory intervention opened up the market by enhancing market opportunities and granting additional licenses, some of the new licensees cannot begin operations because of an artificially created scarcity of spectrum. Further, new licensing frameworks have created a competitive advantage for those operators already holding premium frequencies, as they can refarm assigned spectrum bands positioning themselves as both voice and data service providers.
In addition, due to regulatory delays in liberalising and refarming frequencies suitable for wireless broadband roll-out such as 2.6GHz and 3.5GHz, incumbent operators are merging with smaller telcos, in order to access additional spectrum for the provision of wireless broadband services. This is leading to a spectrum hoarding.

Pemenuhan jaringan komunikasi nirkabel yang handal dengan cakupan wilayah yang luas dengan menggunakan biaya investasi rendah merupakan salah satu tantangan bagi operator telekomunikasi saat ini. Pemanfaatan alokasi bandwith frekuensi secara efisien dan optimal merupakan salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi biaya investasi yang tinggi. Tujuan dari penelitian yang dilakukan yaitu melakukan kajian analisa tentang interferensi LTE 850 MHz dengan E-GSM 800 setelah dikeluarkannya peraturan menteri komunikasi dan informatika republik indonesia nomor 30 tahun 2014 tentang penataan pita frekuensi radio 800 MHz untuk keperluan penyelenggaraan jaringan bergerak seluler, yang mana didalamnya sudah mengatur syarat agar tidak saling mengganggu. .
Keywords: Penataan Frekuensi ; Interferensi

In this paper, we propose a novel multi-channel
wireless network with infrastructure support, called an MCIS
network. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to
study the capacity and the delay of such an MC-IS network. In
particular, we derive the upper bounds and the lower bounds on
the network capacity of such MC-IS networks contributed by ad
hoc communications, where the orders of the upper bounds are
the same as the orders of the lower bounds, implying that the
bounds are tight. We also found that the capacity of MC-IS networks
contributed by ad hoc communications is mainly limited by
connectivity requirement, interference requirement, destinationbottleneck
requirement and interface-bottleneck requirement. In
addition, we also derive the average delay of MC-IS networks
contributed by ad hoc communications, which is bounded by the
maximum number of hops.