QoS Routing in MANETs

In mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), links are created and destroyed in an unpredictable way, which makes quite challenging the determination of routes between each pair of nodes. In this paper, we propose a formulation of the routing problem in multi-services MANETs, as well as the implementation of an adaptation of the dynamic source routing (DSR) protocol.

International journal on applications of graph theory in wireless ad hoc networks and sensor networks (ABSTRACT Managing network complexity, accommodating greater numbers of subscribers, improving coverage to support data services (e.g. email, video, and music downloads), keeping up to speed with fast-changing technology, and driving maximum value from existing networks – all while reducing CapEX and OpEX and ensuring Quality of Service (QoS) for the network and Quality of Experience (QoE) for the user. These are just some of the pressing business issues faced by mobileservice providers, summarized by the demand to " achieve more, for less. " The ultimate goal of optimization techniques at the network and application layer is to ensure End-user perceived QoS. The next generation networks (NGN), a composite environment of proven telecommunications and Internet-oriented mechanisms have become generally recognized as the telecommunications environment of the future. However, the nature of the NGN environment presents several complex issues regarding quality assurance that have not existed in the legacy environments (e.g., multi-network, multi-vendor, and multi-operator IP-based telecommunications environment, distributed intelligence, third-party provisioning, fixed-wireless and mobile access, etc.). In this Research Paper, a service aware policy-based approach to NGN quality assurance is presented, taking into account both perceptual quality of experience and technology-dependant quality of service issues. The respective procedures, entities, mechanisms, and profiles are discussed. The purpose of the presented approach is in research, development, and discussion of pursuing the end-to-end controllability of the quality of the multimedia NGN-based communications in an environment that is best effort in its nature and promotes end user's access agnosticism, service agility, and global mobility.

Many of the networks are existing but little of them that believe the quality and security together, the secure transmission of the information with high quality remains the primary goal of all engineers, which is considered the ideal goal of this theory either in fact, get a high quality of service comes at the expense of security and vice versa, has been expressed networks fiber optic for the best possible speed while maintaining a good level of security. In the Internet network, person-to-person communication can be enhanced with high quality images and videos, and access to information and services on public and private networks will be enhanced by higher data rates, quality of service (QoS), security measures, location-awareness, energy efficiency, and new flexible communication capabilities. So some networks are characterized by the QOS offered in addition to the security that we will discuss extensively later. This distinction is linked to the quality of communication and service over the network and security[1]. The quality of a network is evaluated on the basis of the quality of service, and especially on its security features. The use of security mechanisms is important in knowing the identity, saving the information, and ensuring that there is no tampering.in this research we try to ensure the security for QoS with two different methods using the Tunnel like the L2TP and IPSec that mean the security of layer two and three of OSI model, and we compared the differential impact between the two types of security on QoS parameters. Keywords – L2TP, VPN, IPSEC and Quality of Service QoS I. INTRODUCTION The Security is one of the most important elements in any network and has been discussed by keen technicians since 1960 [2]. We cannot be trusted in any network if it does not take into account the issue of security. In addition to security, there is a new technique which is witnessed by the world of network quality of service and is also considered one of the most important services that are based on the classification of information in order of importance, which it deems appropriate technicians helping to improve communication and send information. But these services must be given something of secrecy and security, and if it does not enjoy a specific level of which they become vulnerable to hacking and interception and damage.

Network Mobility Basic Support (NEMO BS) protocol (RFC 3963) is an extension of Mobile IPv6. The NEMO BS embraced by IETF working group to permit any node in the portable network to be accessible to the Internet despite the fact the network itself is roaming. This protocol likewise Mobile IPv6 doesn't deliver any kind of Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees to its clients. It can barely offer the same level of services (i.e. Best-Effort) to all the users without obligation to the application's needs. This propositions a challenge to real-time applications that demand a precise level of QoS pledge. The Differentiated Services has recently come to be the most widely used QoS support technology in IP networks due to its relative simplicity and scalability benefits. This paper proposes a new scheme to provide QoS to mobile network nodes within NEMO context. The proposed scheme intends to reduce handover latency for the users of MNN as well as alleviates packet losses. The feasibility of the proposed enhancement is assessed by measuring its performance against the native NEMO BS standard protocol using NS-2 simulator. The obtained results in the simulation study have demonstrated that the proposed scheme outperforms the standard NEMO BS protocol.

Quality of Service (QoS) is now regarded as a requirement for all networks in managing resources like bandwidth and avoidance of network impairments like packet loss, jitter, and delay. Media transfer or streaming would be virtually impossible if QoS parameters were not used even if the streaming protocols were perfectly designed. QoS Scheduling classes help in network traffic optimization and the priority management of packets. This paper presents an analysis of QoS scheduling classes using video traffic in a MANET. The main objective was to identify a scheduling class that provides better QoS for video streaming. A simulation was conducted using NetSim and results were analyzed according to throughput, jitter, and delay. The overall results showed that extended real-time Polling Service (ertPS) outperformed the other classes. ertPS has hybrid features of both real-time Polling Service (rtPS) and Unsolicited Grant Service(UGS) hence the enhanced performance. It is recommended that ertPS scheduling class should be used in MANET where QoS consideration is utmost particularly in multimedia streaming applications.

Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) becomes a fundamental subcategory of mobile ad-hoc networks
which provides vehicles to communicate with each other and with roadside infrastructure in a smart way.
Various VANET performance challenges are considered in terms of Quality of Service (QoS) due to
vehicles speed and transmission rates. Different problems cause performance degradation as performance
anomaly where high rates vehicles has to meet the speed of the low rates vehicle while transmitting data. In
this paper a QoS-aware Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) admission control mechanism (QASAC) is proposed
to handle the performance anomaly problem while maintaining the QoS levels for different traffic types.
QASAC has been compared against the latest SNR based admission control mechanism. QASAC has
enhanced the performance of data delivery up to 23% in terms of data dropping rates for high priority
traffic.

The International Journal of Computer Networks & Communications (IJCNC) is a bi monthly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of Computer Networks & Communications.The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of Computer Networks & data Communications.

Wormhole attack is one of the serious routing attacks amongst all the network layer attacks launched on MANET. Wormhole attack is launched by creation of tunnels and it leads to total disruption of the routing paths on MANET. In this paper, MLDW-a multilayered Intrusion Detection Prevention System approach is proposed to detect and isolate wormhole attack on MANET. The routing protocol used is Adhoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV). MLDW has a layered framework consisting of link latency estimator, intermediate neighbor node discovery mechanism, packet drop calculator, node energy degrade estimator followed by isolation technique. MLDW effectiveness is evaluated using ns2 network simulator.

Mobile adhoc networks are rapid deployable self organizing networks. Their key characteristics are dynamic topology, high node mobility, low channel bandwidth and limited battery power. Hence, it is necessary to minimize bandwidth and energy consumption. To transmit packets, available bandwidth is known along the route from sender to receiver. Thus, bandwidth estimation is the main metric to support Quality of Service (QoS). This work focuses on improving the accuracy of available bandwidth and incorporating a QoS-aware scheme into the route discovery procedure. It is also important to limit the energy consumed by nodes. Probability based overhearing method is proposed to reduce energy spent on overhearing nodes. This experiment is implemented in NS2 simulator and the performance of the network is analyzed in terms of QoS parameters.

Abstract— Digital communication has become an essential part of infrastructure nowadays, a lot of applications are Internet-based and it is important that communication be made secret. As a result, the security of information passed over an open channel has become a fundamental issue and therefore, the confidentially and data integrity are required to protect against unauthorized access and use. This has resulted in an unstable growth in the field of information hiding. In a modern era of Information Technology, illicit copying and illegal distribution accompany the adoption of widespread electronic distribution of copyrighted material. This is the main reason why people think about how to protect their work and how to prevent such unlawful activities. For this purpose various methods including cryptography, steganography, Digital signature, coding and so on have been used. Steganography is the best suited technique that allow user to hide a message in another message (cover media). Most of steganography research uses cover media as pictures, video clips, text and sounds. This paper focuses on the various techniques in steganography to enhance the security of communication over an open channel.

A Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of mobile stations with wireless interfaces which form a temporary network without using any central administration. MANETs are more vulnerable to attacks because they have some specific characteristics as complexity of wireless communication and lack of infrastructure. Hence security is an important requirement in mobile ad hoc networks. One of the attacks against network integrity in MANETs is the Black Hole Attack. In this type of attack all data packets are absorbed by malicious node, hence data loss occurs. In this paper we investigated the impacts of Black Hole attacks on the network performance. We have simulated black hole attacks using Network Simulator 2 (NS-2) and have measured the packet loss in the network without and with a black hole attacks. Also, we measured the packet loss when the number of black hole attacks increases.

There has been tremendous growth in Global System for Mobile (GSM) services in Nigeria in the last two decade. The rapid development of GSM telecommunication industries have given rise to need for how the GSM services are delivered to customers efficiently. This paper is on GSM quality of service (QoS) performance in, Abuja Nigeria. The study investigates network transmission impairment and offers some useful remedies. The method involved use of Sony Ericson W-995 phone to gather data on physical network impairments in selected densely populated areas of Abuja. The data obtained were from four major GSM service providers MTN, Etisalat, Glo and Airtel. Assessment in terms of Key Performance Indicator (KPI) using Transmission Environment Monitory System (TEMS) Discovery professional software carried out on the networks under test. The results obtained from the analysis indicated that QoS performance of Airtel is slightly better than the other three GSM services providers tested within Nyanyan, Gwagwalada, and Wuse areas in Abuja. .

Mobile Ad Hoc Networking Does Not Own Any Fixed Infrastructure And Hence, Stable Routing Is The Major Problem. The Mobility Nature Of Manet’s Node Facilitates Rediscovery Of A New Path To Organizing A Routing. In Order To Intensify The Quality Of Service And Routing Stability In Manet, We Propose A Dynamic Quality Of Service Stability Based Multicast Routing Protocol By Modifying The Cuckoo Search Algorithm Through A Modernizing Mechanism Which Is Derived From The Differential Evolution Algorithm. Tuned Csa Is A Combined Feature Of Csa And De Algorithms. Periodically, Each Node In The Network Creates Neighbour Stability And Qos Database At Every Node By Calculating The Parameters Like Node And Link Stability Factor, Bandwidth Availability, And Delays. Finally, Multicast Path Constructs Route Request And Route Reply Packets, Stability Information And Performing Route Maintenance.

As one know that today is the time of network where one can have efficient data and voice communication services as the ability of network is growing the data available in network is also growing every organization are making our good will on the basis of the large database available in the environment of Internet. Internet making communication easy by introducing new techniques and tools to have solution of problems arising when one communicating through network but the quality communication is always have an opportunity in the front of all the manufacturer and developer of this filed. If one thing about a kind of network where one can have small area network with security and reliability are called Ad hoc Network (MANET). If one study all the traditional wireless architecture then one finds is the best example of AD Hoc Network. A Network without infrastructure facing so many problems related to bandwidth, fault tolerance and reliable communication. In existing research many scientist has been done great job for reliable and efficient communication they had been developed so many model, algorithm to have services to the system so that organization can achieve his goal. In present scenario what one see that for the cost of reliability organization maintaining very high overheads but still they are struggling with the loss of data, Data in consistency, Delay, low throughput, less response time and many more problems. In our proposed research work one will work on such kind of routing model who play an important role for achieving quality in between in communication among the wireless network node ,choosing route, providing high throughput, reliability, integrity, efficiency, immunity from attacks and reducing loss of data one named it Secure Synchronous Routing Model who follow specified instructions in the form of algorithm SSR Model works on the concept of Synchronous decision making policy, who will take decision to complete the communication process by having efficient bonding in between the mobile nodes to achieve time synchronization among the process on the same network ,in parallel slots ,on the basis of the calculation availability of buffer at the located node or the intermediate nodes to reach to the correct destination.

Secure multicast communication in Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANETs) is challenging due to its inherent characteristics of infrastructure-less architecture with lack of central authority, limited resources such as bandwidth, energy and power. Several group oriented applications over MANETs create new challenges to routing protocols in terms of QOS requirements. In many multicast interactions, due to its frequent node mobility, new member can join and current members can leave at a time. It is necessary to choose a
routing protocol which establishes true connectivity between the mobile nodes. The pattern of movement of members is classified into different mobility models and each one has its own distinct features. It is a crucial part in the performance of MANET. Hence key management is the fundamental challenge in achieving secure communication using multicast key distribution for mobile adhoc networks. This paper describes the impact of mobility models for the performance of a new cluster-based multicast tree
algorithm with destination sequenced distance vector routing protocol in terms of QOS requirements
such as end to end delay, energy consumption and key delivery ratio. For simulation purposes, three mobility models are considered. Simulation results illustrate the performance of routing protocol with different mobility models and different mobility speed under varying network conditions.

Wireless Ad-Hoc Mesh Networks are characterized by static nodes connected in a mesh topology. A routing protocol discovers and maintains the route for successful transmission of data in a network. The routing protocol should also provide load balancing and fault tolerance for improved network performance. In Free Space Optical networks (FSO) line of sight (LOS) should be maintained between the two communicating nodes. In a multihop scenario maintaining LOS during routing is a challenge. In this paper we propose a routing protocol Quality of Service-Directional Routing Protocol (QDRP)-which assures a certain level of performance to a data flow in terms of delay and implemented on FSO MANET. Through simulations it is observed that QDRP chooses the path with the least delay and performs satisfactorily under varying node densities and transmission rates achieving end to end delay of .14 s and packet delivery percentage of 96% when simulated for an area of 1300 m *1300 m for 100 nodes. This work explores the potential of the proposed routing protocol for free space optical mesh networks. QDRP is compared with ORRP (Orthogonal Rendezvous Routing Protocol) and AODV (Ad-Hoc on Demand Distance Vector), a reactive protocol which is also implemented in free space optical environment. We support our conclusions that QDRP gains in terms of packet delivery percentage, end to end delay and goodput.

Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees must be supported in a network that intends to carry real time and multimedia traffic. IETF RFC 2386 defines QoS as a set of service requirements to be met by the network while transporting a packet stream from source to the destination. The dynamic network topology and wireless bandwidth sharing makes QoS provisioning far more challenging in wireless networks as compared to the wired counterparts. The support for the QoS services is underpinned by QoS routing. A QoS routing protocol selects network routes with sufficient resources for the satisfaction of the requested QoS parameters. The goal of QoS routing is to satisfy the QoS requirements for each admitted connection, while achieving global efficiency in resource utilization. The problem of QoS routing with multiple additive constraints is known to be NP-hard. This requires the QoS dynamics to be fully understood before it can be implemented in wireless ad hoc networks. The paper discusses the issues involved in QoS routing and presents an overview and comparison of some existing QoS routing protocols. The article concludes with some open issues for further investigation.

Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees must be supported in a network that intends to carry real time and multimedia traffic. IETF RFC 2386 defines QoS as a set of service requirements to be met by the network while transporting a packet stream from source to the destination. The dynamic network topology and wireless bandwidth sharing makes QoS provisioning far more challenging in wireless networks as compared to the wired counterparts. The support for the QoS services is underpinned by QoS routing. A QoS routing protocol selects network routes with sufficient resources for the satisfaction of the requested QoS parameters. The goal of QoS routing is to satisfy the QoS requirements for each admitted connection, while achieving global efficiency in resource utilization. The problem of QoS routing with multiple additive constraints is known to be NP-hard. This requires the QoS dynamics to be fully understood before it can be implemented in wireless ad hoc networks. The paper discusses the issues involved in QoS routing and presents an overview and comparison of some existing QoS routing protocols. The article concludes with some open issues for further investigation.