Optical Fibres

Summary form only given. Telecommunications has continued to push optical fibers towards ever-more demanding applications-such as high bit rates, dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM), and long distances-and in response there has been renewed interest in alternative fiber designs to lift fundamental limitations of silica fibers. A particularly exciting departure from traditional fibers are fibers based on photonic band gaps, forbidden frequency

Among the family of pulse time modulation (PTM) techniques, square wave frequency modulation (SWFM) is particularly well suited to the transmission of high-quality wideband instrumentation and video signals such as MAC and high definition TV over optical fibres due to its attractive combination of performance and simplicity. This paper discusses aspects of SWFM and describes two experimental systems employing novel demodulators suitable for 5.5 MHz (PAL) and 12 MHz wide format MAC bandwidth systems respectively. >

The symposium Optical Fibers and Their Applications 2015 is a forum of national
science in this branch of photonics. The symposium hosts a number of guests from
this geographical region, and especially from Ukraine, Belarus, and Kazakhstan. It
is organized every year and a half by two major optical fiber technology and
application centers located in Białystok at Białystok University of Technology and
in Lublin at Maria Curie-Skłodowska University and Technical University of Lublin.
The conference belongs to a bigger circle of national conferences on
optoelectronics, optics, photonics, sensors and laser technology which are under
a general patronage of professional community organizations such as Polish
Ceramic Society, Photonics Society of Poland, Polish Optoelectronics Committee
of the Association of Polish Electrical Engineers, and the Section of
Optoelectronics in the Committee of Electronics and Telecommunications, Polish
Academy of Sciences.
On 22 –25 September 2015, the sixteenth conference on “Optical Fibers and Their
Applications” was held at the Energetyk Resort in Nałęczów, near Lublin. The
accompanying school/workshop on Optical Fiber Technology was held in Lublin
at UMCS OFT Laboratory on 21 September. These conferences have been
organized since 1976 in the Jabłonna Village Palace near Warsaw and then in a
two year cycle in Białowieża, now in Lipowy Most (by Białystok University of
Technology, Professor Jan Dorosz, with emphasis on applications, especially nontelecom
ones) and in Krasnobród, now in Nałęczów (by UMCS Lublin, the late
Doctor Jan Wójcik, Professor J. Rayss, now Doctor W. Podkościelny and Doctor P.
Mergo, and Lublin University of Technology, Professor W. Wójcik, with emphasis on
technology and telecom applications). The first conference in Białowieża,
focused on non-telecommunication application of optical fibers and was held in
1982. During this period, the conferences in Lublin and then Krasnobród, now in
Nałęczów, were more focused on technology and metrology of optical fibers
supplementing the application and construction topics covered in Białowieża.
The conference series on Optical Fibers and Their Applications has been
organized in this country for 40 years. It was initiated by the late professors: J.
Groszkowski, A. Smoliński, A. Waksmundzki, M. Pluta, B. Paszkowski, Z. Szpigler, J.
Wójcik, K. Holejko, J. Rayss, S. Sońta. Forty years ago, optical fiber technology
began in Poland. This anniversary was celebrated at the conference with a
memorial jubilee session. The conferences always gathered a national group of
optical fiber and optoelectronics experts and a large number of students and
some international guests.
The sixteenth conference was opened by Professor W. Wójcik in the presence of
the Rector of UMCS University and the Dean of the Faculty of Chemistry of UMCS.
National expertise in optical fibers was centered in recent years around several
big organizations, some of them with international roots: Section of
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Optoelectronics, Committee of Electronics and Telecommunications, Polish
Academy of Sciences; Polish Committee of Optoelectronics, Association of Polish
Electrical Engineers; and the Polish Chapter of SPIE – The International Society for
Optics and Photonics. The latter organization was transformed in 2008 to the
Photonics Society of Poland. These organizations cooperate with SPIE, IEEE Poland
Section and Photonics Chapter, Section of Optics by Polish Physical Society, and
the Polish Ceramic Society.
During the conference’s opening ceremony Professor W. Wójcik related to
everyone the history of OFTA Nałęczów conferences. The national experts of
guided wave, laser, and semiconductor optoelectronics meetings in Krasnobród,
Nałęczów, Białowieża, Lipowy Most, and Świnoujście (Laser Technology
Symposium) managed to integrate their activities into the framework of
numerable optoelectronics research programs carried out during these years.
These were programs: national, central, departmental, priority, university, and
recently also European that were realized through a number of international
partnerships. Realization of these projects led to numerable scientific and
technical achievements as well as they were underlying factors for establishing a
number of photonic firms in this country and modernizing the teaching at
technical universities.
The 2015 Nałęczów conference gathered around 120 participants. More than 80
papers were presented in oral and poster sessions. The largest group of papers
originated from such university centers active in optoelectronics as: Silesian
University of Technology in Gliwice, Białystok, Warsaw and Lublin as well as UMCS
in Lublin. The topical coverage of the symposium included: materials for
optoelectronics – in particular materials for optical fiber technology, fabrication
of optical fibers, components and sub-assemblies for optoelectronics, metrology
of optical fibers, metrology of optoelectronic components and devices,
applications of optical fibers, education in optoelectronics and photonics. A few
plenary papers were presented that touched on very current and hot problems in
optoelectronics.
The technological sessions of the symposium presented the works from three main
national centers where optical fibers are pulled: the Faculty of Chemistry,
University of Maria Curie Skłodowska in Lublin, the Faculty of Electrical Engineering
at Białystok University of Technology, and the Institute of Electronic Materials
Technology in Warsaw. A number of research centers in this country and
internationally use these optical fibers for optical fiber sensors and photonic
instrumentation devices. A large group of applications concern microstructural
photonic optical fibers filled or impregnated with liquid crystals, which are highly
nonlinear optical substances, much more nonlinear than glasses. This group of
papers originated from the laboratories at Warsaw and Wrocław Universities of
Technology. The fibers were manufactured at UMCS in Lublin and at ITME in
Warsaw. There were also numerable application-oriented contributions from
photonics innovative firms.
The symposium organizers have provided very favorable participation conditions
for Ph.D. and M.Sc. students. As a result, they participated in the symposium in
large numbers. The majority of the papers were presented by young researchers
which supports the belief that this branch of technology is vivid and promising for
future development. The Editors would like to thank Doctor Andrzej Smolarz from
Lublin University of Technology for his devoted help as a technical editor of this
volume of proceedings from the sixteenth conference on Optical Fibers and Their
Applications, Nałęczów, 2015.

Miernictwo fotoniczne jest stosunkowo nową nazwą, nadaną połączonym dziedzinom
miernictwa optycznego, optoelektronicznego, w tym światłowodowego a także sporej ilości metod
pomiarowych adaptowanych z elektroniki i mechaniki. Sama nazwa fotonika wyłoniła się przed
około dwudziestu laty w wyniku rozwoju takich technik jak optoelektronika zintegrowana, optyka
planarna, optoelektronika półprzewodnikowa i technika światłowodowa. Nazwa fotonika została
np. użyta w tytule miesięcznika Photonics Spectra, a także w nazwach instytutów naukowych.
Miernictwo światłowodowe jest działem metrologii, który wyodrębnił się wraz z dynamicznym
rozwojem techniki światłowodowej w okresie ostatnich 25 lat. Rozwój tej dziedziny następował w
sposób naturalny poprzez adaptację znanych optycznych, optoelektronicznych, mechanicznych
metod pomiarowych do specyfiki wniesionej do techniki przez szklany światłowód włóknisty.
Następnie, niektóre z tych technik, wraz z upływem czasu, wytworzyły na tyle odrębną specyfikę
podejścia teoretycznego, technologicznego, metrologicznego, aparaturowego, że miernictwu
światłowodowemu, jako działowi miernictwa optoelektronicznego (czy też fotonicznego, jak mówi
się coraz częściej) poświęca się odrębne konferencje naukowe, pisze się specjalistyczne
podręczniki. Wydawało się, że po takim czasie rozwoju poznano dogłębnie światłowód jako
medium transmisyjne i funkcjonalne, a więc opanowano także możliwe sposoby jego pomiaru.

The Conference on „Optical Fibres and Their Applications” is
held periodically in Poland since 1976, now every 18 months. It
is organized alternately by two national optical fibre technological
centres in Białystok (Technical University) and Lublin (UMCS
University). The conference gathers interested persons from academic
communities, technological, application, research and development,
industrial, business, and administration ones, and summarizes
periodic technical and application achievements of the
involved national laboratories and enterprises, with participation
of international guests. Since 1986, the conference is supported
by the SPIE – The International Society for Optics and Photonics
by publications of their works in the series Proc. SPIE. The conference
gathers usually around 150 participants and around 100
technical presentations. XVIIth conference on “Optical Fibres and
Their Applications – OFTA 2017”, organized by Technical University
of Białystok, was held in January 2017, and gathered similar
number of persons and high quality papers. Topical area of the
conference, which may be concisely determined as optical fibre
photonics, embraced technology of active and passive optical fibres,
active components cooperating with optical fibres as sources
and detectors, optical fibre functional components, optical
fibre sensors, optical fibre devices, circuits and systems – sensing,
photonic signal processing, networked, and transmission. The article
presents concisely a digest of chosen research and technical
works presented during the XVIIth Conference on Optical Fibres
and Their Applications.

Microwave photonic links and RF photonics will appear frequently in military antenna systems. As photonic link performance continues to improve, RF Photonics insertion into antenna systems will expand in areas including RF pre-processing and filtering, RF front-end technology, A/D conversion, photonic switched true time delay (TTD) beam forming networks for intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance as well as electronic warfare manned and unmanned applications.

Najbardziej efektywny, stosowany obecnie światłowodowy
system transmisji wielkich ilości informacji bazuje na
złożeniu dwóch metod zwielokrotnienia-falowego DWDM
i czasowego TDM [1]. Wewnątrz każdego optycznego
kanału falowego sygnał podlega zwielokrotnieniu czasowemu.
Kanały falowe (nazywane popularnie kolorami
transmisji lub ścieżkami światła) muszą być odseparowane
od siebie. Kryterium jakości separacji jest maksymalny
dopuszczalny optyczny przesłuch międzykanałowy. Odstępy
międzykanałowe są nieużyteczne pod względem
sygnałowym, więc powinny być jak najwęższe. Stąd niemożliwe
jest wykorzystanie pełnego pasma optycznego
do celów transmisyjnych.
Nośna fala optyczna każdego kanału falowego jest modulowana
cyfrowo sygnałem zwielokrotnienia czasowego,
co powoduje rozszerzenie pasma kanału optycznego. To
rozszerzenie, proporcjonalne do szybkości sygnału zwielokrotnienia
czasowego, nie może przekroczyć nominalnej
szerokości kanału optycznego. Stąd widać, że w pewnym
momencie zwiększania przepustowości, dochodzimy do
sytuacji, gdzie elektronika zaczyna konkurować z optyką
o dostępne pasmo światłowodu. Konieczny jest, być może,
wybór pomiędzy ilością kanałów optycznych i pasmem
elektronicznym.
W praktyce zadajemy pytanie: transmisja światłowodowa
- gęściej czy szybciej? Odpowiedzią na to pytanie jest
alternatywa pomiędzy najlepszymi parametrami światłowodowego
systemu telekomunikacyjnego, na pewno nie
koniunkcja takich parametrów. Wybór jednego z rozwiązań
wyklucza drugie i ma poważne konsekwencje odnośnie
do przyszłego rozwoju i fundamentalnych (także ekonomicznych)
parametrów systemu [2].

The ever increasing performance and economy of operation requirements placed on transport aircraft are resulting in very complex, highly integrated digital aircraft control systems. Despite the great increase in complexity mandated by these integrated aircraft control and management systems, substantial improvements in reliability, maintainability, weight savings, manufacturability, and survivability are also required. Fly-By-Light (FBL) and Power-By-Wire (PBW) technologies and their

In this paper, a multimethod approach for heartbeat and respiration detection from an optical interferometric signal is proposed. Optical interferometer is a sensitive device that detects physical changes of optical-fiber length due to external perturbations. When in direct or indirect contact with human body (e.g., hidden in a bed mattress), mechanical and acoustic activity of cardiac muscle and respiration reflect in the interferometric signal, enabling entirely unobtrusive monitoring of heartbeat and respiration. A novel, two-phased multimethod approach was developed for this purpose. The first phase selects best performing combinations of detection methods on a training set of signals. The second phase applies the selected methods to test set of signals and fuses all the detections of vital signs. The test set consisted of 14 subjects cycling an ergometer until reaching their submaximal heart rate. The following resting periods were analyzed showing high efficiency (98.18 ± 1.40% sensitivity and 97.04 ± 4.95% precision) and accuracy (mean absolute error of beat-to-beat intervals 22±9 ms) for heartbeat detection, and acceptable efficiency (90.06 ± 7.49% sensitivity and 94.21 ± 3.70% precision) and accuracy (mean absolute error of intervals between respiration events 0.33 ± 0.14 s) for respiration detection.

This paper provides an overview of the current activity on integrated LiNbO3 devices based on proton-exchange techniques at the Optoelectronics Research Centre (ORC), University of Southampton. We present the technology and the experimental results obtained so far on slab waveguides in 2D nonlinear photonic crystals and on channel waveguides in periodically poled lithium niobate and discuss prospective applications for all-optical signal processing in ultra-fast fibre telecommunication systems.

... 9-11, 2004) [4] A. Fried, B. Henry, B. Wert, S. Sewell, JR Drummond, “Laboratory, ground based, and airborne tunable diode laser systems performance characteristics and applications in atmospheric studies,” Appl. Phys. B 67, 317-330 (1998) CTuGG2 © 2005 OSA/CLEO 2005

Light-transmitting concrete, known also as translucent concrete, is literally the brightest concrete development in recent years. Strands of optical fibers are cast by the thousands into concrete to transmit light, either natural or artificial, into all spaces surrounding the resulting translucent panels. The material can be used in a variety of architectural and interior design applications, such as wall cladding and dividers. The main theme of this paper is use of optical fibers in concrete, which is energy saving and green technology. It lends great energy savings in closed and non-ventilated spaces. Due to small size of the fibers, they blend into concrete becoming a component of the material like small pieces of aggregate. By using plastic optical fibers in concrete specimens, light transmission occurs through optical fibers, which make it possible to see light, shades and even colors through very thick walls. The work presented in this paper reports an investigation on the behavior of concrete and mortar with optical fiber. Concrete and mortar cube are casted with fibers to study the properties and to compare with optical fiber. The light transmission of concrete samples made with different fiber amount varies from 2% to 4% and with thickness 0.25mm to 0.75mm were studied. The light transmission is seen to increase with the increase in fiber content and increase in the diameter.