Oil Production

The activity patterns of; 226Ra, 228Ra, 232Th, 40K, 210Pb and 210Po and the interaction with
some hydrographic parameters; salinity, pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) were studied near
the oil production and exploration fields at Rasel Behar and near the phosphate mining,
milling and shipping at Hamrawin area. The average activities of 226Ra, 228Ra, 232Th, 40K,
210Pb and 210Po at Resel Behar were; 15.2
6.3, 15.8
8.6, 16.2
8.7, 330.7
107.1,
19.3
12.7 and 27.5
21.18 Bq/kg and at Hamrawin were; 103.9
141.6, 13.4
18.5,
14.1
18.8, 242.6
79.3, 92.3
128.5 and 133.0
184.5 Bq/Kg respectively. The distribution
patterns of 226Ra, 228Ra, 232Th and 210Pb at Rasel Baher to the brine water drainage from oil
tanks and petroleum production platforms at Jubal Strait. The highest activity values
recorded at Hamrawin marine area were concentrated inside the shipping zone and
decreasing abruptly seaward and southward indicate to the dropped phosphate raw materials
are the main radioactive source in the locality. The activity pattern of 40K indicates
to multiple sources of accumulations mostly from the terrestrial runoff.
The negative correlation with pH and salinity as well as the positive correlation with DO
indicate that the radionculides in sediments were less soluble with increasing pH and
salinity therefore; they tend to accumulate in sediments under more the oxidizing conditions.
The 40K variations in the sediments to the high solubility of potassium, the organic
matter content and the particle size which corresponds to the clay content.

The development of science, technology and technique offer ample opportunities to solve problems associated with various complications in oil production technology. The innovative technologies should include nanotechnological approaches based on the effect of "low concentrations and perturbations". Currently, nanotechnology capabilities are widely used in individual technological operations at the fields of Azerbaijan using this effect. In contrast to the traditional approaches, the authors of the paper carried out a series of experimental studies on the effects of fullerene, graphene and taunit on the properties of cement stone be used for cementing of the near bottom hole zone of the productive reservoir. The developed nanotechnology is successfully introduced in the offshore fields of Azerbaijan.

The article was dedicated to the nanosystem application having synergistic effect developed on the basis of “low impact and excitation” effect for asphaltene-resin-paraffin (ARP) deposits prevention causing technological complications during the oil production and transportation. The nanosystem made on the basis of organic solvent, surface active substances (SAA) and metal nanoparticle simplifies the oil production, prevents mechanical mixtures in oil well equipment, solves the mixtures on down-hole zone and pipe, and decreases oil viscosity. Time between overhauls and oil production increased as the result of nanosystem application at the well № 1331 Palchig pilpile field of "Oil Rocks" OGPD, and great economic benefits were achieved.

This work analyzes oil production and oil trade during the Later Middle Ages, in towns and rural communities in southern interior region of the Ancient Kingdom of Valencia. This rural area, articulated by towns and small communities, developed a great oil activity and trade with a production for the local woolen industry and for the market, for neighboring regional markets. The article discovers and studies the role of a group of craftsmen in the specialization, development and consolidation of oil production in this area. In this region (Valld’Albaida, Alcoià and Comtat, and some towns such as Ontinyent, Alcoi and specifically Cocentaina), a small group of big craftsmen were able to centralize management of oil activities through direct participation in this production and market.

The aim of this study is to determine the causality between oil production and freight rates in the seaborne oil transportation in the world. The causality with oil prices has been studied more in the literature, but the studies that examine the causality with oil production have been limited. However, the effect of the crude oil production amount on the market is also great. The methods that can detect delayed causality have been utilized unlike the existing literature. While the Baltic Dirty Tanker Index (BDTI) and Baltic Clean Tanker Index (BCTI) variables are used as the measurement for the tanker freight rates, the Bloomberg oil production index variable is used as the production measurement. The data set used in the study consists of 239 monthly observations covering between August 1998 and June 2018. Standard causality analysis developed by Granger (1969) is used for linear causality, and nonparametric tests developed by Hiemstra and Jones (1996) and Diks and Panchenko (2006) are used for nonlinear causality analysis. While linear causality cannot be spotted in the obtained results, nonlinear causality is determined. As a result of the four lagged nonlinear causality analyzes made, the causality is found from the second to the fourth lag for BDTI and from the first to the fourth lag for BCTI. According to these results, while the effect of changes in production is directly reflected in the product tanker market, it is reflected on the dirty tanker market with a delay. It is hoped that these results may be beneficial to developing business strategies and reducing risks for shipowners and charterers in the tanker market.

A team of specialists on China’s energy sector reviews a series of major transitions that have transformed that country’s oil economy over the past two decades. These include, on the demand side, (a) the increasing role of oil in the economy as a whole vis-à-vis other major energy carriers (as incomes have risen and millions of households have purchased vehicles and have also traveled by air), and (b) an increasing emphasis on energy efficiency and carbon mitigation. On the supply side, several additional transitions are discussed, namely (1) the scaling up of output from the central and western regions as well as from offshore, as the major northeastern oil fields decline after several decades of very heavy production, (2) a shift from being a major oil exporter to the world’s second-largest oil importer, (3) expansion and diversification in the number of sources from which China imports oil, (4) changes in the way imported oil enters the country (increasingly via pipelines from neighboring countries), and (5) with such heavy dependence on imports, the building of strategic petroleum reserves and an immensely enlarged refining capacity, intended to enhance the nation’s oil security.

Formation damage is a major problem experienced in the operation and development of petroleum reservoir. Its occurrence, occasioned with the release of particles, water, emulsions or scales, hitherto impairs the hydrocarbon delivery/transport system. Formation or skin damage impedes flow of fluids into the wellbore and cause low permeability, hence reducing the productivity of the wells. The production loss directly reflects the economic loss due to formation damage. In the extreme, damage may cause the Well to be uneconomic and be shut-in. The objectives of this project was to determine Stimulation Candidate for three (3) Wells in the Niger Delta Oilfield, using the R ratios, stimulate the candidate wells and make comparison between the wells with regard to the Pre-Stimulation and Post-Stimulation analysis. An analytical method was used to calculate Productivity Index, PI; Permeability, K; Skin, S; Production Rate, q, R-Ratio and Pressure Drawdown, ΔP using data from Pressure build...

Using archaeological data from two closely located sites within the Sidon chora, Chhim and Jiyeh, the author considers possible oil distribution routes in Phoenicia in the Roman–Byzantine period, taking into account the impact, on this, of the administrative fragmentation of the region between the 1st and 7th centuries AD. A typology of, and data on, local and imported amphora from Chhim are presented. Various models are proposed in order to explain what appears, based on calculations relating to the output of the presses, a surplus of oil for which no corresponding evidence for exports — in the form of Chhim amphorae — can be identified. These include: alternative packaging for the oil (skins; Jiyeh amphorae-Beirut imitations); non-continuous, ad-hoc seasonal production; possible alternative markets, including Chhim’s role and context in the road networks connecting the coast, Chhim and the Beqaa Valley.

https://www.tandfonline.com/eprint/IEZCNWA6DTPWYAP2YUI3/full?target=10.1080/00758914.2020.1854973

In the last decades, the problem of perforation damage has been considered as the major factor for the reduction of oil productivity. Underbalance perforation is considered as one of the best means to minimize or overcome this problem. By maintaining wellbore pressure lower than formation pressure, perforation damage could be minimize or eliminated. This can be achieved by the use of nontraditional lightweight completion fluid. This paper presents the effect of natural clay in formulating nontraditional completion fluid to ensure successful perforation job and increase of production rate. Natural clay is used as homogenizing agent to create a stable and non-damaging low-density completion fluid. Results indicate that the addition of natural clay dramatically increase the stability of the final fluids. In addition, field test has shown that the application of nontraditional completion fluid increases oil production by three folds.

waset.org/journals/waset/v41/v41-98.pdf

Increased interest in deepwater and ultra-deepwater field development is leading the industry to revisit the standard design and testing methods of production risers. The main challenges involved in a deepwater project are the riser sizing, management of external pressure at maximum water depth with acceptable weight to keep low stress at riser-vessel interface, the riser/vessel dynamic interaction and riser installation. The most critical areas on the riser system are the top section, where most of the damage occurs, and the touchdown zone. While the second area can be addressed by effective riser design, the connection to the production facility is always required and it must be sufficiently strong to provide an appropriate fluid containment. A connector failure can lead to highly flammable fluid leakage, putting in danger the entire production vessel and the surrounding environment. Technological advancements are leading to new equipment layouts with more efficient materials selection. The top section and connector can be subjected to different kinds of loads and environment induced degradation. Applying the actual standards is sometimes difficult due to the fact that they generally are too conservative. With the objective

Монографія адресована фахівцям нафтогазової галузі, які займаються проблемами екологічної безпеки, техногенного навантаження на довкілля. Метою монографії є надання широкому колу фахівців теоретичного та практичного підґрунтя для розроблення технологій захисту довкілля в зоні впливу нафтовидобувних територій. Монографія спрямована на ознайомлення з науково-методичними підходами до підвищення екологічної безпеки довкілля в районах видобування нафти та внаслідок аварійних ситуацій із витіканням нафти і нафтопродуктів. Монографія підготовлена на основі наукових досліджень, які проводились у Сумському державному університеті. Призначена для вчених, викладачів, аспірантів, магістрантів і всіх, хто цікавиться проблемами екологічної безпеки нафтовидобування