Foreign Law

SUMMARY Arbitration is becoming an increasingly important means of settling investment and commercial disputes in Egypt. The promulgation of Arbitration Law No. 27 of 1994 was a milestone in providing a comprehensive framework for the arbitration process in the country. The Law provides for the rules governing the formation and validity of arbitration agreements, arbitrability of legal disputes, composition of the arbitral tribunal, arbitral proceedings, and enforcement of an arbitral award. Judicial precedents of the Supreme Constitutional Court and the Court of Cassation have played an important role in supplementing the provisions of the Arbitration Law. Although the Arbitration Law is the primary source for regulating the extrajudicial dispute resolution mechanism, the country's unrest over the past three years spurred the introduction of other quicker and more flexible mechanisms for the settlement of investment disputes. Egypt has also acceded to several international conventions governing the arbitral process, the provisions of which have been incorporated into the country's national legal system.

Law librarians are often asked by law students and even practicing attorneys, “How do I begin a career in foreign and international law practice?”  The student or attorney asking this question frequently is seeking recommendations for books, articles, or other information resources on the topic.  The same situation arises in a law school’s career services office.  For these reasons, a guide has been compiled to help law librarians and placement officials assist individuals who are interested in pursuing career opportunities in foreign and international law practice.

This guide is divided into four sections: Perspectives on International Law Practice, Membership Organizations, International Law Studies, and Job-Finding Sources and Tools.  All resources listed in the guide are accompanied by brief annotations to help the user determine the scope of coverage of each resource and how it is to be used.  The materials contained within the guide will offer some insightful, practical perspectives on what it is like to be an international lawyer, what international legal work involves, and what skills and education are required to secure a position in international law.

ΤΕΥΧΟΣ 6/2019

Τύπος δικαστικής πληρεξουσιότητας που δόθηκε στην ημεδαπή, παρατηρήσεις στις: ΜονΕφΘεσ 2965/2017, ΕιρΒόλου 253/2017, ΕφΘεσ 2305/2017

Σε υποθέσεις παροχής άδειας από το Δικαστήριο σε γονείς για αποποίηση κληρονομιάς στο όνομα και για λογαριασμό του ανήλικου τέκνου τους, αποκλειστική διεθνή δικαιοδοσία έχει το Δικαστήριο του τόπου συνήθους διαμονής του ανηλίκου. Η διεθνής δικαιοδοσία καθορίζεται με βάση τη lex fori, παρ. στην ΕιρΘεσ 1290/2017

Επίδοση δικογράφου στην αλλοδαπή (Γερμανία). Μη νόμιμη εκπρόθεσμη κλήτευση διαδίκου. Αναβολή συζήτησης ερήμην του προς ον η επίδοση διαδίκου. Η αναγραφή της υπόθεσης στο πινάκιο της μετ’ αναβολής συζήτησης δεν ισχύει ως κλήτευση. Εφαρμοστέο δίκαιο στην ευθύνη από διαπραγματεύσεις. Διαχρονικό δίκαιο. Δεν εμπίπτει στο ratione temporis πεδίο εφαρμογής του Καν. Ρώμη ΙΙ. Εφαρμοστέο
το ελληνικό δίκαιο κατά το 26 ΑΚ, ΜονΠρΛαρ 61/2017

Entre 1999 y 2003, la primera integración del Tribunal Electoral del Poder Judicial de la Federación (TEPJF) emitió diversos criterios relevantes, mediante los cuales incrementó —paulatinamente— su capacidad para conocer de litigios originados en el seno de los partidos políticos. Con el paso del tiempo, en la literatura especializada se ha venido consolidando la idea de que estos criterios estuvieron inspirados en el garantismo, la doctrina judicial desarrollada por Luigi Ferrajoli. Sin embargo, en dichos trabajos no es frecuente encontrar argumentaciones encaminadas a demostrar que los criterios del TEPJF efectivamente fueron acordes con el garantismo. El objetivo del presente artículo es, precisamente, analizar las determinacio-nes del Tribunal a la luz de los postulados torales de la teoría de Ferrajoli. Se mostrará que las sentencias de la primera integración comparten algu- nos de los rasgos fundamentales del garantismo, pero que en ellas también hay elementos que discrepan con la teoría ferrajoliana. Por tanto, se concluye que los criterios del TEPJF pueden ser calificados, en todo caso, como un garantismo en tensión.

Between 1997 and 2003, in a series of relevant cases, the first Electoral Court of the Federal Judicial Branch (TEPJF) gradually increased its capacity to adjudicate intraparty disputes. Over time, several authors have argued that these cases were inspired by the judicial doctrine developed by Luigi Ferrajoli, the “guarantism” (garantismo). However, this literature rarely provides evidence to show that the opinions of the TEPJF were consistent with this judicial doctrine. Precisely, this paper seeks to evaluate the decisions of the Electoral Court based upon the theory of Ferrajoli. Specifically, I will argue that the opinions of the first TEPJF share some of the key features of the guarantism, but that they also have others that disagree with the ferrajolian theory. Thus, I conclude that the opinions of the TEPJF could be characterized as a guarantism in tension.

This presentation will be delivered by Dr. Goran Seferovic, Scholar in Residence at the Law Library of Congress Global Legal Research Center. 

Goran Seferovic studied law at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, where he obtained his doctorate in 2010 for his dissertation, Das Schweizerische Bundesgericht 1848-1874: Die Bundesgerichtsbarkeit im frühen Bundesstaat, on the history of the Swiss Federal Supreme Court (1848-1874). After passing the bar exam in Zurich, he joined the Institute of Law at the University of Zurich in 2012, where he is now a Senior Research Associate. He is currently conducting a comparative study of the incorporation of direct democracy into the system of representative government in Switzerland, the U.S. and Germany. He has published articles on Swiss and international public law, civil law, election law, and legal history. He is also teaching Swiss constitutional law at the University of Zurich.

El presente comentario de jurisprudencia analiza una sentencia de la Corte Suprema chilena que derogó tácitamente el artículo 76 del Decreto Ley Nº 1.094, de 1975, dado que, en su consideración, el contenido de la norma transgrede normas contenidas en la Constitución Política de la República, que tratan ciertos derechos que emanan de la naturaleza humana. Para la corte, el precepto impugnado perdió su vigencia; así, en virtud de sus potestades jurisdiccionales, estimó no aplicarlo para el caso particular.

Este fallo destaca una discusión relevante, ya que reconoce la atribución y ejercicio de derechos humanos de parte de nacionales y extranjeros, y en el caso de estos últimos debe distinguirse la posible situación migratoria que mantengan en el Estado chileno. El presente trabajo busca dilucidar la calidad jurídica de la persona extranjera que pretende el reconocimiento, en el ejercicio de ciertos derechos que le han sido concedidos por su naturaleza humana, por parte del Estado.

Sections 424 and 429 of Title 7, Code of Alabama (1940), were the two general statutes governing the manner of proving the statutory and common law of sister states in the courts of Alabama.  These statutes provided that the testimony of an attorney, expert witness, or other recognized authority of the state in question, or official reports of the judicial decisions of that state, could all stand as evidence of the statutes or common law of that state.  The purpose of statutes like these was to lessen the burden of proof imposed on counsel and yet retain a necessary degree of reliability when the decision in Alabama would turn on the law of a foreign jurisdiction.

It is difficult to understand why the legislature would wish to enact ad hoc legislation like this where uniformity is needed, particularly when a uniform statute in point is at hand.  In 1936, the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform Laws promulgated the Uniform Judicial Notice of Foreign Law Act.  The uniform act has the sanction of the American Bar Association and has been adopted by twenty-six states.

This act removes the requirement of proving the laws of other jurisdictions, though it may still be necessary to plead or present them.  Further, it requires judicial notice of the law of another state only when that law is pertinent and has been called to the attention of the court by counsel, though the court is free to inform itself of foreign law.  Finally, it is designed to insure that the foreign law be determined by the judge, not the jury, which would effect no change in Alabama law.  For these reasons, judicial notice as adopted by the Commissioners on Uniform Laws would be a preferable alternative to the statutes in use by the Alabama Legislature.

Indonesia adalah negara yang kerap kali didatangi oleh warga dari luar Indonesia dengan memiliki banyak tujuan. Seperti berwisata, bekerja, atau bahkan memiliki tujuan yang tidak baik misalnya penyelundupan orang dan perdagangan orang. Dengan demikian, direktorat Jendral (Dirjen) Imigrasi memiliki tugas dan dasar hukum yang sesuai untuk mengamankan orang – orang yang dapat merugikan kedaulatan negara Indonesia. Dengan demikian, bangsa – bangsa yang bekerja sama dengan Indonesia baik dalam bilateral dan multilateral sedikit tersinggung atas perlakuan pemerintahan Indonesia terhadap warga negara mereka. 

Metode yang digunakan dalam jurnal ini yaitu pendekatan secara deskriptif dengan mengambil sumber dari beberapa jurnal yang terkait dengan judul yang tertera diatas. Pendekatan ini dilakukan agar dapat mengambil inti dalam pelakasanaan tindakan administratif keimigrasian dalam hal Deportasi. Dalam jurnal ini akan membahas bagaimana pandangan anggota atau organisasi dunia terkait dengan politik dan kerjasama yang dilakukan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah memperoleh data dan sumber yang konkrit dan menjadi media edukasi yang baik bagi pembaca dari kalangan umum maupun lainnya.

Law librarians are often asked by law students and even practicing attorneys, “How do I begin a career in foreign and international law practice?”  The student or attorney asking this question frequently is seeking recommendations for books, articles, or other information resources on the topic.  The same situation arises in a law school’s career services office.  For these reasons, a guide has been compiled to help law librarians and placement officials assist individuals who are interested in pursuing career opportunities in foreign and international law practice.

This guide is divided into four sections: Perspectives on International Law Practice, Membership Organizations, International Law Studies, and Job-Finding Sources and Tools.  All resources listed in the guide are accompanied by brief annotations to help the user determine the scope of coverage of each resource and how it is to be used.  The materials contained within the guide will offer some insightful, practical perspectives on what it is like to be an international lawyer, what international legal work involves, and what skills and education are required to secure a position in international law.

Serbian Abstract: U uslovima globalizacije, koju prati sve veća internacionalizacija životnih odnosa, pitanje primene stranog prava je sve češća pojava, koja sve više dobija na značaju. Međutim, u postupcima sa elementom inostranosti nije uvek jednostavno saznati propise strane države čije je pravo merodavno u konkretnom slučaju, a nekada se čak može i tvrditi da je utvrđivanje stranog prava nemoguće. Tada se postavlja pitanje koje pravo primeniti kao merodavno, odnosno koje su to alternative primeni merodavnog stranog prava u slučajevima kada je ono nesaznatljivo. U radu će biti predstavljeni razlozi zbog kojih može doći do poteškoća u utvrđivanju sadržine stranog prava, te će biti reči o praktičnim posledicama nemogućnosti utvrđivanja sadržine stranog prava. Autor će najpre kritički analizirati uobičajene alternative primeni stranog merodavnog prava u uporednom pravu, zatim će predstaviti relevantni pozitivni normativni okvir ukazujući na njegove nedostatke, te na kraju predložiti poboljšanje trenutno važećih (kao i predloženih izmena) zakonskih odredbi koje regulišu ovu materiju.

English Abstract: With the impact of globalization, accompanied by the internationalization of everyday relations, the question of the application of foreign applicable law is becoming more and more important.  However, it is not always easy to ascertain the law of the foreign state and sometimes it can be asserted that the relevant law is impossible to be determined. In those cases, the question that arises is what are the consequences of the failure to ascertain the content of the foreign law, ie. what are the alternatives of applying the foreign law when it cannot be determined. In this paper, author will present the difficulties for establishing the content of the foreign law and the practical consequences for failure to ascertain the content of the applicable foreign law. The usual alternatives in comparative law will be critically analysed, and then the autor will expose the relevant normative framework in Serbia pointing out the potential deficiencies and propisong the amendments to the existing law.

Abstract: Gemäss der Volksinitiative «Schweizer Recht statt fremde Richter (Selbstbestimmungsinitiative)» soll die Schweizer Verfassung allen Bestimmungen des für die Schweiz geltenden internationalen Rechts vorgehen, mit Ausnahme des «zwingenden Völkerrechts». Diese Forderung erinnert an die Praxis der USA, wo der Vorrang der Verfassung vor dem internationalen Recht anerkannt ist, fremden Richtern misstraut wird und das internationale Recht regelmässig anhand US-amerikanischer
Rechtskonzepte interpretiert wird. Auch sträuben sich die USA tendenziell dagegen, sich international anerkannten Rechtsnormen zu unterwerfen. Der vorliegende Aufsatz beschreibt diese Praxis sowohl im Bereich des Völkerrechts als auch im internationalen Privatrecht.

Selon l’initiative populaire « Le droit suisse au lieu de juges étrangers (initiative pour l’autodétermination) », la Constitution suisse devrait primer sur toutes les dispositions du droit international en vigueur pour la Suisse, sous réserve des règles impératives de ce droit. Cette exigence rappelle la pratique des Etats-Unis, où la primauté de la Constitution par rapport au droit international est reconnue, où les juges étrangers inspirent la méfiance et où le droit international est régulièrement interprété sur la base de concepts juridiques américains. Les Etats-Unis ont également tendance à rechigner à se soumettre aux normes juridiques reconnues au niveau international. La présente contribution décrit cette pratique aussi bien en matière de droit international public que privé.

"En el razonamiento jurídico hay una clara dicotomía entre demostrar la existencia de normas jurídicas y la de situaciones de hecho, incluyendo entre éstas las que involucran deberes y derechos, siempre que sean consecuencias de datos extrajurídicos. Entre esos datos figura el Derecho extranjero en aquellos casos en los que es aplicable en virtud de reglas de Derecho internacional privado. En este ensayo abordamos varios problemas relacionados con el escalonamiento de los puntos de conexión, la prueba del contenido del Derecho extranjero aplicable, el problema epistemológico de la traducibilidad de conceptos jurídicos ajenos y el acercamiento a la solución de las dificultades de la materia con el doble utillaje de una lógica de los grados de verdad y de una lógica de las situaciones jurídicas, aplicable por igual al ordenamiento jurídico interno y a los derechos y deberes dimanantes de fuentes privadas o extranjeras.

As regards legal reasoning there is a clear divide between proving the existence of legal norms and proving factual situations, even such as involve rights and duties provided they are the outcome of extra-legal data. Foreign law is to be regarded as one of those data whenever it is applicable in virtue of rules of private international law. In this essay we go into several issues related with the sacaling of connection points, proving the content of applicable foreign law and the epistemological problem of the translatability of alien legal concepts. We try to solve the ensuiing difficulties by dint of both a logic of firsts of truth and a deontic logic of legal situations, which applies not just to the inner legal order but also to rights and duties derived from private or foreign sources."

Aunque diversos trabajos han estudiado el origen y evolución del control jurisdiccional de la vida interna de los partidos políticos por parte del Tribunal Electoral del Poder Judicial de la Federación (TEPJF), lo cierto es que los estudios cuantitativos son prácticamente inexistentes. Hace falta, incluso, la información más indispensable para aproximarse empíricamente al fenómeno: el número y tipo de conflictos intrapartidistas que se han presentado a lo largo del tiempo; su distribución geográfica y por partido político; la forma en que se han repartido las victorias entre militantes y dirigencias. El objetivo del presente artículo es, precisamente, llenar este vacío en la literatura. A partir de la construcción de una base de datos que captura el universo de juicios presentados entre 1996 y 2006, se dará cuenta de las principales tendencias en la recepción y resolución de conflictos intrapartidistas por parte del TEPJF.

As a rule, Turkish courts apply Turkish law. However, according to the rules of confl ict of laws foreign law may be applied to the acts and relations regarding private law containing foreign element. The application of foreign law varies according to whether the foreign law is treated as a question of "law" or "fact". Pursuant to Article 2 section I of the Turkish Code on Private International Law and Civil Procedure numbered 5718, the judge shall ex offi cio apply the rules of Turkish confl ict of laws and foreign law, which is competent under these rules. Regarding this provision, ascertaining foreign law and application of foreign law in the courts of Turkey (with comparison to other legal systems) have been examined in this study.