Plantation was an early method of colonization in which settlers were "planted" abroad in order to establish a permanent or semi-permanent colonial base. Such plantations were also frequently intended to promote Western culture and Christianity among nearby indigenous peoples, as can be seen in the early East-Coast plantations in America (such as that at Roanoke). Although the term "planter" to refer to a settler first appears as early as the 16th-century, the earliest true colonial plantation is usually agreed to be that of the Plantations of Ireland.

The term "plantation" transferred to the large farms that were the economical basis of many of the 17th-century American colonies. The peak of the plantation economy was in the 18th century, especially the sugar plantations in the Caribbean that depended on slave labor. Most of that time Britain prospered as the top slaving nation in the Atlantic world. Over 2,500,000 slaves were transported to the Caribbean plantations between 1690 and 1807. Because slave life was so harsh on these plantations and slaves died without reproducing themselves, a constant supply of new slaves from Africa was required to maintain the plantation economy against this "natural decrease". In 1789 the French colony of Saint-Domingue, producer of 40 percent of the world's sugar, was the most valuable colony on earth. Slaves outnumbered whites and coloreds by at least eight to one, but provided all of the manual labor. Slave labor created a dramatic change in the eating habits of Britons, one of the greatest in human history. In 1700, Britons used an average of four pounds of sugar a year, but by 1800 they used an average of 16 pounds a year.

A plantation is a large piece of land (or water) usually in a tropical or semitropical area where one crop is specifically planted for widespread commercial sale and usually tended by resident laborers. The crops grown include fast-growing trees (often conifers), cotton, coffee, tea, cocoa, sugar cane, sisal, oil seeds (e.g. oil palms), rubber trees, and various fruits. Protectionist policies and natural comparative advantage have sometimes contributed to determining where plantations were located.

Among the earliest examples of plantations were the latifundia of the Roman Empire, which produced large quantities of wine and olive oil for export. Plantation agriculture grew rapidly with the increase in international trade and the development of a worldwide economy that followed the expansion of European colonial empires. Like every economic activity, it has changed over time. Earlier forms of plantation agriculture were associated with large disparities of wealth and income, foreign ownership and political influence, and exploitative social systems such as indentured labour and slavery.

Plantation may refer to:

See also

Plantation is a city in Broward County, Florida. As of the 2010 United States Census the population was 87,496. It is part of the Miami–Fort Lauderdale–Pompano Beach Metropolitan Statistical Area, which was home to 5,546,635 people at the 2010 census.

The city's name comes from the prior owner of the land, the Everglades Plantation Company. Plantation suffered extensive damage from Hurricane Wilma on October 24, 2005.

The city has been used as a filming location for many popular movies. The high school in There's Something About Mary is actually Plantation City Hall, located at 400 NW 73rd Avenue and NW 5th Street. Rolling Hills Golf Course, recently renamed Grande Oaks, was the site of the famous Caddyshack pool scene.

Geography

Plantation is located at 26°7′28″N 80°14′58″W / 26.12444°N 80.24944°W / 26.12444; -80.24944 (26.124354, −80.249503).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 22.80 square miles (59 km²), of which 21.74 square miles (56 km²) is land and 0.19 square miles (0 km²) (0.87%) is water.

Colony, or Colony Bar and Grill is a restaurant, bar and grill located at 7-9 Paddington Street, Marylebone, Central London, England. It opened in early April 2010 and was run by restaurateur Carlo Spetale and the Michelin-starred executive chef Atul Kochhar.

Atul Kocchar announced he was leaving the business in June 2011 to focus on other interests. The split was described as amicable.

The cuisine of the restaurant is inspired by that of the British colonies from colonial Asia, East Africa, the Caribbean etc. but is mainly inspired by Indian street food, specifically "the marinades, aromatic flavours and grilling methods" of the street traders of colonial Asia. The General Manager of the restaurant is John Lacombe, formerly of The Connaught Hotel, 5th Floor Restaurant at Harvey Nichols and Notting Hill Brasserie amongst others. Lacombe is also responsible for the winery of the restaurant. It has a reputable cocktail lounge.

Reception

The restaurant has received mixed reviews. Zoe Williams of The Daily Telegraph was highly praising and described the restaurant as "I think this is what heaven will look like – complete with a barman making you feel it would be almost rude not to have a martini. " Williams was content with her meal and remarked that the "pancakes were made of chickpea flour (the chickpeas’ main contribution was a lovely, rich density, with only the whiff of their flavour), packed with spinach, in a tomato and cream sauce".

In Russian Empire, a colony (Russian: колония) was a type of a settlement, typically agricultural, created under government encouragement in sparsely populated territories. Most commonly they were created by foreigners invited to resettle to Russia but there were also efforts to create Jewish colonies. The settlers were called colonists (Russian: колонисты).

For example, this was done in newly acquired lands, such as Novorossiya and Bessarabia.

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References

Colony is an Irish documentary film about colony collapse disorder, directed by Carter Gunn and Ross McDonnell. The film was produced by Morgan Bushe and Macdara Kelleher. It opened theatrically in Los Angeles on July 30, 2010 and New York City on August 13, 2010 at the 14th Annual DocuWeeks.

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