In archaeology, scrapers are unifacial tools that were used either for hideworking or woodworking purposes . Whereas this term is often used for any unifacially flaked stone tool that defies classification, most lithic analysts maintain that the only true scrapers are defined on the base of use-wear, and usually are those that were worked on the distal ends of blades—i.e., "end scrapers" or grattoirs. Other scrapers include the so-called "side scrapers" or racloirs, which are made on the longest side of a flake, and notched scrapers, which have a cleft on either side that may have been used to attach them to something else.

Scrapers are typically formed by chipping the end of a flake of stone in order to create one sharp side and to keep the rest of the sides dull to facilitate grasping it. Most scrapers are either circle or blade-like in shape. The working edges of scrapers tend to be convex, and many have trimmed and dulled lateral edges to facilitate hafting. One important variety of scraper is the thumbnail scraper, a scraper shaped much like its namesake. This scraper type is common at Paleo-Indian sites in North America. Scrapers are one of the most varied lithic tools found at archaeological sites. Due to the vast array of scrapers there are many typologies that scrapers can fall under, including tool size, tool shape, tool base, the number of working edges, edge angle, edge shape, and many more.

Scrape, scraper or scraping may refer to:

Biology and medicine

Computing

Hand tools

Scraper was a hardcore punk band from the West Midlands of the United Kingdom. Influenced by a variety of Punk rock and Hardcore punk bands, Scraper were likened to Snuff, Leatherface, China Drum, Hüsker Dü and even Fast Eddie period Motörhead. Scraper became popular throughout the latter half of the 1990s with strong followings around Birmingham, London and Cardiff. Towards the end of the 1990s Scraper renamed themselves "Turnbull ACs". Scraper's 1996 album "Built with Hate" received 4 and a half out of 5 in Terroriser Magazine and 4 out of 5 in Kerrang!.

Band members

Scraper consisted of the following members.

History

Scraper formed in Birmingham, West Midlands late 1993. Rich and Paul met whilst playing in Redditch hardcore punk band Chuckie Pig. They recruited Nigel (ex Giant Leap) via an ad placed on the wall at Robannas Studios in Birmingham. Scraper's recording career got off to a rocky start with several aborted attempts to release a single on the Tribal War label due to funding issues and differences of opinion relating to the genre of acts to be represented by the label. The fledgling Household Name Records label took over and after including Scraper on the "Last House on the Left" compilation, released a full 10-track album, Built With Hate, on 10-inch vinyl. The album is notable that the first 500 were released on blue vinyl and are hand-numbered.

The güiro (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈɡwiɾo]) is a Latin American percussion instrument consisting of an open-ended, hollow gourd with parallel notches cut in one side. It is played by rubbing a stick or tines along the notches to produce a ratchet-like sound.

The güiro is commonly used in Puerto Rican, Cuban and other forms of Latin American music, and plays a key role in the typical rhythm section of important genres like son, trova and cumbia. Playing the güiro usually requires both long and short sounds, made by scraping up and down in long or short strokes.

The güiro, like the maracas, is often played by a singer. It is closely related to the Cuban guayo and the Dominican güira, which are made of metal. Other instruments similar to the güiro are the Colombian guacharaca, the Brazilian reco-reco, the quijada (cow jawbone) and the frottoir (washboard).

Construction and design

The güiro, which was adapted from an instrument which might have originated in either South America or Africa, is a notched, hollowed-out gourd. The güiro is made by carving parallel circular stripes along the shorter section of the elongated gourd.