The raion has a 10% Crimean Tartar minority, with the Tartar population reaching 50% in two villages. This minority is a result of a 1967 Soviet decree that restored Tartar rights lost during the 1944 deportation of the Crimean Tartars. Because de jure they were not allowed to return to their Crimea homeland, some Tatars settled in nearby places, including Henichesk Raion.
Henichesk was founded as a fort by the Russian Empire in 1784 and from 1812 was also known as Ust-Ozivske. It was a port and a trade center on the salt route that went from Crimea north to Ukraine and Russia. At the turn of the 20th century it was the location of one of the largest flour mills in southern Ukraine.