Graduation is the marking of an instrument with indicators of a measurement.

Linear graduation

Linear graduation of a scale occurs on a straight instrument. The graduation can identify linear measures, such as inches or millimetres on a rule. They can also be non-linear such as logarithmic or other transcendental scales. Volumetric graduations, for instance on a measuring cup, can vary in scale due to the container's conical or abstract shape.

Curved graduations

Circular graduations of a scale occur on a circular arc or limb of an instrument. In some cases, non-circular curves are graduated in instruments. A typical circular arc graduation is the division into angular measurements, such as degrees, minutes and seconds. There can also be non-uniform graduations such as logarithmic or other scales.

Manufacture of graduations

Graduations can be placed on an instrument by etching, scribing or engraving, painting, printing or other means. For durability and accuracy, etched or scribed marks are usually preferable to surface coatings such as paints and inks. Markings can be a combination of both physical marks such as a scribed line and a paint or other marking material. For example, it is common for black ink or paint to fill the grooves cut in a scribed rule. Inexpensive plastic devices can be molded and painted or molded with two or more colours of plastic used. Some rather high-quality devices can be manufactured with plastic and reveal high-precision graduations.

Instrument may refer to:

Science and technology

Instrument is a documentary film directed by Jem Cohen about the band Fugazi. Cohen's relationship with band member Ian MacKaye extends back to the 1970s when the two met in high school in Washington, D.C.. The film takes its title from the Fugazi song of the same name, from their 1993 album, In on the Kill Taker.

Editing of the film was done by both Cohen and the members of the band over the course of five years. It was shot from 1987 through 1998 on super 8, 16mm and video and is composed mainly of footage of concerts, interviews with the band members, practices, tours and time spent in the studio recording their 1995 album, Red Medicine.

The film also includes portraits of fans as well as interviews with them at various Fugazi shows around the United States throughout the years. The Instrument Soundtrack by Fugazi was released in conjunction with the film. It consisted primarily of instrumental and unreleased songs (including many demo cuts from End Hits, their next album after the soundtrack).

Instrument Soundtrack is a 1999 album by American post-hardcore band Fugazi.

Background

It is a mainly instrumental soundtrack for the documentary (Instrument) about the band produced by the band and filmmaker Jem Cohen.

The soundtrack mostly consists of previously unreleased songs and studio outtakes culled from Fugazi's history to that point, as well as seven demo versions of songs from their proper albums (six from 1998's End Hits and one from 1993's In on the Kill Taker).

Of particular note is the song "I'm So Tired", a piano ballad played and sung by Ian MacKaye, which is a significant departure from Fugazi's usual post-hardcore sound.

The riff from "Lusty Scripps" was played in Fugazi's final live show, in the break between the main set and the encore.

Track listing

Graduation getting a diploma or academic degree or the ceremony that is sometimes associated, where students become graduates. Before the graduation, candidates are referred to as graduands. The date of graduation is often called graduation day. The graduation ceremony itself is also called commencement, convocation or invocation. In the United States and Canada, the term is additionally increasingly being used to refer to the advancement from a primary or secondary school level. When ceremonies are associated, they usually include a procession of the academic staff and candidates and a valediction. At the college and university level the faculty will usually wear academic dress at the formal ceremonies, as will the trustees and degree candidates.

"Graduation" at the college and university level occurs when the presiding officer confers degrees upon candidates, either individually or en masse, even if graduates physically receive their diploma later at a smaller college or departmental ceremony. After degree completion, graduates can be referred to by their graduating year.

Graduation is a 2007 coming-of-age film starring Chris Lowell, Chris Marquette and Riley Smith released theatrically in May 2008. It was made in collaboration with the producers of The Virgin Suicides and Seabiscuit. The film was shot in Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania in 2005. Additional scenes were shot in and outside of North Hills Senior High School.

Plot

A group of high school friends from suburban Pittsburgh—Carl (Chris Marquette), Polly (Shannon Lucio), Chauncey (Riley Smith) and Jackson (Chris Lowell)—are about to graduate. Polly and Chauncey are dating, Carl needs a date to prom and Jackson doesn't seem to know what to do with his life. When Carl's mom becomes ill and needs $100,000 for surgery, Polly comes up with a plan: rob her dad's bank. The plan seems foolproof, and graduation is the perfect alibi; all the kids need to do is steal the keys to the bank's vault. However, things get complicated when Carl falls in love with a bank teller named Suzi and Polly falls in love with Jackson. Through it all—including an unforeseen hostage crisis—the friends learn a lot about themselves.

Exclusive is the second studio album by American recording artist Chris Brown. It was released on November 6, 2007, by his independently-owned record label CBE, along with Jive Records; distributed by Zomba Group. The album was serving as the follow-up to his multi-platinum selling debut album Chris Brown (2005).

The album was critically and commercially successful, debuting at number 4 on the US Billboard 200, selling 295,000 copies in the first week. The album was supported by five singles; including three Billboard Hot 100, which successfully entered in the music markets, entering the top 20 amongst other charts worldwide. The album has earned double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) in the United States, and the album sales it stands at three million copies in the worldwide. The album ranked number 34 on Rolling Stone's list of the Top 50 Albums of 2007.

On June 3, 2008, Exclusive was re-released, when it has expanded into a double-disc deluxe edition; including a counterparts from the DVD, which was also released, which features the behind the scenes footage and music videos from his tour.