International Relations

This paper focuses on an analysis of the way world and, specifically, European geopolitics influence or are reflected in the Eurovision Song Contest throughout history, particularly politics of identity and use of soft power as a tool for international pressure or nation branding. Through an extensive bibliographical and historical research, the following pages will dive into how a cultural project which encompasses official candidatures backed by governments in a competition between nations or states, whose bases indicate should reframe from politics altogether, reflects the power dynamics and strategic moves in the old continent as well as sentiments from local societies through music, culture, voting procedures and organizational standpoints. The paper will be divided into three different aspects in which both international and national geopolitical events are reflected on the Eurovision Song Contest and vice versa.

White supremacism and anti-government violent groups in the United States has seen a rapid increase in the last five to ten years, with its rhetoric being brought to the front line of American politics. Despite a decrease in actual major attacks in the last two years, far-right clandestine groups with violent aspirations have proliferated since, approximately 2018 with the Pittsburgh synagogue shooting. The most recent administration shift has seen the fight against terrorism with these foundations set as a priority in the long term to avoid further anti-democratic attacks such as the January 2021 raid on the Capitol which could carry more violent consequences. Despite what seems as an un-organized, multi-focused extremist movement uncapable of carrying out terrorist acts per se, the re-interpretation of their violence or threat of its use may have the same effects or lead to larger and deadlier consequences, thus targeting the core groups and armaments with law enforcement efforts could avoid further expenses and losses for a longer term. The present paper will analyze the level of threat that the different groups pose nowadays, or could pose in the future, to American national security, the actions taken in its regard and their possibilities of success and adequacy.

During the decade of 1990 Salafist-jihadist terrorist groups start emerging to end playing a starring role at the begging of the XXI century, especially after the attacks of the 9th of September of 2001. With the exponential develop of the digitalization phenomenon and the growing popularity of the internet, these groups, eventually, integrated those tools into their general strategy. The present work analyses the impact of the digitalization phenomenon in the Global Jihad Movement, how technological development have helped them to achieve their goals and how the digital era has made them redirect their objectives, targets and aims. Sometimes the digitalization phenomenon has been the trigger for several changes in the structure of these groups, reshaping their original composition, as can be seen in the cases-study of Al Qaeda and the Islamic State. Visit Web Receive Newsletter Digital radicalization of terrorist groups: how technological development change the organization of mode...

The Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons is intended to be a legally binding instrument capable of forcing the international community to pursue widespread nuclear disarmament through the adoption of a stigmatizing strategy by the proponents of the treaty and the States that are parties to it. However, as it will be shown in this article, the treaty proves to be an extremely inadequate instrument for achieving this end due to three types of inconsistencies present in it and in its negotiation process: Normative, institutional and practical. In reviewing all the shortcomings related to these inconsistencies, we may ask ourselves to what extent the treaty is really necessary in order to achieve the end it pursues. As a contribution to both the academic debate and the practice of nuclear disarmament, the article will conclude with an original proposal to address the issue of generalized nuclear disarmament through the institutional mechanisms present in the current non-proliferation regime.

El joven príncipe heredero Mohammed bin Salmán ha querido mostrarse al mundo como un reformista y el máximo exponente de la modernización de Arabia Saudí. Sin embargo, los cambios políticos que ha llevado a cabo han resultado superficiales e insuficientes y los abusos de los derechos humanos siguen a la orden del día en el país.

El 17 de Abril de 2017, la Organización Internacional para las Migraciones (OIM) denunció que se
estaban realizando ventas de esclavos en las principales rutas migratorias que cruzan Libia,
devolviendo a las principales portadas de los diarios internacionales prácticas que se consideraban
extintas en el mundo árabe desde hacía casi un siglo. En este artículo, entenderemos la influencia de
la intervención del país libio por parte de la comunidad internacional en estos hechos

Día a día crece la brecha transatlántica. La cumbre de la OTAN de 2018 acentúa las diferencias entre
Estados Unidos y Europa en materia de seguridad. Este artículo explica el distanciamento entre las
dos potencias tras la reciente cumbre, la presión por parte de Estados Unidos por un aumento del
gasto militar europeo y el acercamiento entre el país gobernado por Donald Trump y Rusia.

En una demostración de músculo militar, el presidente ruso, Vladimir Putin, anunció que Rusia había
adquirido un nuevo sistema de armamento que incluía un misil que podría llegar a “cualquier punto de
la tierra”. Este artículo desenmascara la realidad detrás del novedoso armamento, así como explica las
motivaciones que llevan al presidente ruso a realizar dichas declaraciones.

Aunque las autoridades saudíes reiteran que el desarrollo de energía nuclear se debe exclusivamente a la necesidad de diversificar fuentes energéticas y reducir la dependencia del petróleo, el riesgo de que se inicie un programa de armamento nuclear está presente. Este artículo analiza las posibles ambiciones saudíes y pone de relieve la doble vara de medir de Estados Unidos en relación al desarrollo nuclear con fines armamentísticos, presentando una actitud diferenciada cuando se trata
de Arabia Saudí o Irán.