Journal of microbiology and biotechnology, Jan 15, 2017
This study was aimed to ascertain the anti-candidal efficacy of a novel ketone derivative isolate... more This study was aimed to ascertain the anti-candidal efficacy of a novel ketone derivative isolated from Diaporthe sp. ED2, an endophytic fungus residing in medicinal herb Orthosiphon stamieus Benth. The ethyl acetate extract of the fungal culture was separated by open column and reverse phase- high performance liquid chromatography. The eluent of the second peak at retention time 5.64 minute in the HPLC system was the only peak that exhibited anti-candidal activity on Kirby Bauer assay. The structure of the compound was also elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance and spectroscopy techniques. The purified anti-candidal compound was obtained as a colorless solid and characterized as 3-hydroxy-5-methoxyhex-5-ene-2,4-dione. On broth microdilution assay, the compound also exhibited fungicidal activity on clinical strain of Candida albicans at minimal inhibitory concentration of 3.1 μg/ml. The killing kinetic analysis also revealed that the compound was fungicidal against C. albicans in...
Journal of Asian natural products research, Jan 21, 2016
A new xanthone, namely garcinexanthone G (1), along with eight known compounds, stigmasta-5,22-di... more A new xanthone, namely garcinexanthone G (1), along with eight known compounds, stigmasta-5,22-dien-3β-ol (2), stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-O-β-glucopyranoside (3), 3β-acetoxy-11α,12α-epoxyoleanan-28,13β-olide (4), 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone (5), 1,3,5-trihydroxy-2-methoxyxanthone (6), 1,3,7-trihydroxyxanthone (7), kaempferol (8) and quercetin (9), were isolated from the stem bark of Garcinia atroviridis. Their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic methods including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR-1D and 2D), UV, IR, and mass spectrometry. All the isolated compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant properties based on the DPPH radical scavenging activities. Results showed that 1,3,7-trihydroxyxanthone and quercetin showed significant antioxidant activities with EC50 values of 16.20 and 12.68 μg/ml, respectively, as compared to the control, ascorbic acid (7.4 μg/ml).
ABSTRACT Aim: Rhizophora apiculata pyroligneous acid is a crude condensate produced from the dist... more ABSTRACT Aim: Rhizophora apiculata pyroligneous acid is a crude condensate produced from the distillation of smoke generated in the process of charcoal making has the potential to be used as antibacterial agent to treat bacterial infections. In this study, pyroligneous acid (PA), concentrated pyroligneous acid (CPA), Dichloromethane extract of CPA namely DCM A and B were tested against eight Gram positive and eight Gram negative pathogenic bacteria. Methodology and Results: The antimicrobial activities were studied by using disc diffusion method and broth dilution method. The effect of the extract on the growth profile of the bacteria was examined via time-kill assay. Moreover, microscopic observations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was done to determine the major alterations of Bacillus subtilis cells after treated with extract. The results exhibited significant inhibition zones within the range of 13.0-19.0 mm for PA, 19.0-23.0 mm for CPA, 15.0-17.0 mm for DCM A and 14.0-16.0 mm for DCM B. The results also revealed that extract DCM B of CPA was the most potential to be used as antibacterial agent with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values between 1.56-3.12 mg/mL. Scanning electron micrographs of DCM B treated Bacillus subtilis confirmed the damaged cells caused by the extract. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: Data from this investigation revealed that Rhizophora apiculata pyroligneous acid may be a broad antimicrobial agent against pathogenic bacteria.
Applied biochemistry and biotechnology, Jan 5, 2016
Application of microbial enzymes for paper deinking is getting tremendous attention due to the ra... more Application of microbial enzymes for paper deinking is getting tremendous attention due to the rapidly increasing of waste paper every year. This study reports the deinking efficiency of laser-printed paper by the lignocellulolytic enzyme from Penicillium rolfsii c3-2(1) IBRL strain compared to other enzyme sources as well as commercial available enzymes. High enzymatic deinking efficiency of approximately 82 % on laser-printed paper was obtained by pulp treatment with crude enzyme from P. rolfsii c3-2(1) IBRL. However, this crude enzyme was found to reduce the paper strength properties of the pulp based on the results of tensile, tear and burst indices, most probably due to the cellulose degradation. This was further proven by the low viscosity of paper pulp obtained after enzymatic treatment and increasing of sugar production during the treatment. Balancing to this detrimental effect on paper pulp, high deinking efficiency was achieved within a short period of time, in which the e...
... Bozan et al., 2003 B. Bozan, M. Kosar, Z. Tunalier, N. Ozturk and KHC Baser, Antioxidant and ... more ... Bozan et al., 2003 B. Bozan, M. Kosar, Z. Tunalier, N. Ozturk and KHC Baser, Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of Rhus ... G. Amin, MMA Attari, H. Ashtiani, H. Jamalifar and N. Samadi, Antimicrobial activities of Iranian sumac and avishan-e shirazi (Zataria multifora ...
Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, Sep 1, 2013
ABSTRACT Recently, properties of thermostable lipases receive a very special interest as the enzy... more ABSTRACT Recently, properties of thermostable lipases receive a very special interest as the enzymes are suited for harsh industrial processes. This research was aimed to purify a thermostable lipase produced by Bacillus licheniformis IBRL-CHS2 and to determine the properties that could give advantages to the industries. The enzyme was purified to 6.76-fold with 1.81% recovery by double steps of gel filtration chromatography. The molecular weight was shown to be 37.3 kDa. The purified lipase showed the maximum activity at 70 o C and pH 8.0. However, the lipase was more stable at 65 o C with the half-life of 29 hours. The activity was improved in the presence of Ca 2+ , K + , Zn 2+ , Mg 2+ , potassium iodide and 2-mercaptoethanol. Besides that, the activity also retained in all organic solvents tested. For the effect of surfactants, the activity was enhanced by Tween 20 and Span 40. The lipase showed highest activity towards olive oil and trimyristin (C 14:0) as compared to other substrates. The K m value obtained was 0.60 mM and the V max value was 101 mM min -1 when the substrate used was trimyristin. Properties showed by this lipase make it suitable for a wide range of application such as food industry, sewage treatment and organic synthesis.
Journal of microbiology and biotechnology, Jan 15, 2017
This study was aimed to ascertain the anti-candidal efficacy of a novel ketone derivative isolate... more This study was aimed to ascertain the anti-candidal efficacy of a novel ketone derivative isolated from Diaporthe sp. ED2, an endophytic fungus residing in medicinal herb Orthosiphon stamieus Benth. The ethyl acetate extract of the fungal culture was separated by open column and reverse phase- high performance liquid chromatography. The eluent of the second peak at retention time 5.64 minute in the HPLC system was the only peak that exhibited anti-candidal activity on Kirby Bauer assay. The structure of the compound was also elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance and spectroscopy techniques. The purified anti-candidal compound was obtained as a colorless solid and characterized as 3-hydroxy-5-methoxyhex-5-ene-2,4-dione. On broth microdilution assay, the compound also exhibited fungicidal activity on clinical strain of Candida albicans at minimal inhibitory concentration of 3.1 μg/ml. The killing kinetic analysis also revealed that the compound was fungicidal against C. albicans in...
Journal of Asian natural products research, Jan 21, 2016
A new xanthone, namely garcinexanthone G (1), along with eight known compounds, stigmasta-5,22-di... more A new xanthone, namely garcinexanthone G (1), along with eight known compounds, stigmasta-5,22-dien-3β-ol (2), stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-O-β-glucopyranoside (3), 3β-acetoxy-11α,12α-epoxyoleanan-28,13β-olide (4), 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone (5), 1,3,5-trihydroxy-2-methoxyxanthone (6), 1,3,7-trihydroxyxanthone (7), kaempferol (8) and quercetin (9), were isolated from the stem bark of Garcinia atroviridis. Their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic methods including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR-1D and 2D), UV, IR, and mass spectrometry. All the isolated compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant properties based on the DPPH radical scavenging activities. Results showed that 1,3,7-trihydroxyxanthone and quercetin showed significant antioxidant activities with EC50 values of 16.20 and 12.68 μg/ml, respectively, as compared to the control, ascorbic acid (7.4 μg/ml).
ABSTRACT Aim: Rhizophora apiculata pyroligneous acid is a crude condensate produced from the dist... more ABSTRACT Aim: Rhizophora apiculata pyroligneous acid is a crude condensate produced from the distillation of smoke generated in the process of charcoal making has the potential to be used as antibacterial agent to treat bacterial infections. In this study, pyroligneous acid (PA), concentrated pyroligneous acid (CPA), Dichloromethane extract of CPA namely DCM A and B were tested against eight Gram positive and eight Gram negative pathogenic bacteria. Methodology and Results: The antimicrobial activities were studied by using disc diffusion method and broth dilution method. The effect of the extract on the growth profile of the bacteria was examined via time-kill assay. Moreover, microscopic observations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was done to determine the major alterations of Bacillus subtilis cells after treated with extract. The results exhibited significant inhibition zones within the range of 13.0-19.0 mm for PA, 19.0-23.0 mm for CPA, 15.0-17.0 mm for DCM A and 14.0-16.0 mm for DCM B. The results also revealed that extract DCM B of CPA was the most potential to be used as antibacterial agent with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values between 1.56-3.12 mg/mL. Scanning electron micrographs of DCM B treated Bacillus subtilis confirmed the damaged cells caused by the extract. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: Data from this investigation revealed that Rhizophora apiculata pyroligneous acid may be a broad antimicrobial agent against pathogenic bacteria.
Applied biochemistry and biotechnology, Jan 5, 2016
Application of microbial enzymes for paper deinking is getting tremendous attention due to the ra... more Application of microbial enzymes for paper deinking is getting tremendous attention due to the rapidly increasing of waste paper every year. This study reports the deinking efficiency of laser-printed paper by the lignocellulolytic enzyme from Penicillium rolfsii c3-2(1) IBRL strain compared to other enzyme sources as well as commercial available enzymes. High enzymatic deinking efficiency of approximately 82 % on laser-printed paper was obtained by pulp treatment with crude enzyme from P. rolfsii c3-2(1) IBRL. However, this crude enzyme was found to reduce the paper strength properties of the pulp based on the results of tensile, tear and burst indices, most probably due to the cellulose degradation. This was further proven by the low viscosity of paper pulp obtained after enzymatic treatment and increasing of sugar production during the treatment. Balancing to this detrimental effect on paper pulp, high deinking efficiency was achieved within a short period of time, in which the e...
... Bozan et al., 2003 B. Bozan, M. Kosar, Z. Tunalier, N. Ozturk and KHC Baser, Antioxidant and ... more ... Bozan et al., 2003 B. Bozan, M. Kosar, Z. Tunalier, N. Ozturk and KHC Baser, Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of Rhus ... G. Amin, MMA Attari, H. Ashtiani, H. Jamalifar and N. Samadi, Antimicrobial activities of Iranian sumac and avishan-e shirazi (Zataria multifora ...
Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, Sep 1, 2013
ABSTRACT Recently, properties of thermostable lipases receive a very special interest as the enzy... more ABSTRACT Recently, properties of thermostable lipases receive a very special interest as the enzymes are suited for harsh industrial processes. This research was aimed to purify a thermostable lipase produced by Bacillus licheniformis IBRL-CHS2 and to determine the properties that could give advantages to the industries. The enzyme was purified to 6.76-fold with 1.81% recovery by double steps of gel filtration chromatography. The molecular weight was shown to be 37.3 kDa. The purified lipase showed the maximum activity at 70 o C and pH 8.0. However, the lipase was more stable at 65 o C with the half-life of 29 hours. The activity was improved in the presence of Ca 2+ , K + , Zn 2+ , Mg 2+ , potassium iodide and 2-mercaptoethanol. Besides that, the activity also retained in all organic solvents tested. For the effect of surfactants, the activity was enhanced by Tween 20 and Span 40. The lipase showed highest activity towards olive oil and trimyristin (C 14:0) as compared to other substrates. The K m value obtained was 0.60 mM and the V max value was 101 mM min -1 when the substrate used was trimyristin. Properties showed by this lipase make it suitable for a wide range of application such as food industry, sewage treatment and organic synthesis.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicity activity of crude extracts of Ela... more The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicity activity of crude extracts of Elatostema umbellatum found in Taiping, Malaysia against different cell lines including MCF7 and WEHI-164 cell lines by MTT, Hoechst 33342/PI staining, cell proliferation and monitoring of morphologic change, flow cytometry assay. A total of nine crude extracts were prepared using different organic solvents and by two extraction methods, either by using sequential partition (method I) or Soxhelt extractor (method II). Methanol extract from extraction method II (ME II) exhibited the highest average activity (mean log GI50) of the extract at -1.457 and 1.083, against WEHI-164 and MCF-7 cell lines, respectively. The results of the nine plant extracts screening were also reported as TGI (total growth inhibition). None of the plant extracts showed a TGI of less than 6.25 μg/mL for at least two cell lines where regarded as potent, but ME II showed moderate activity at less 15 μg/mL against both cancer cell lines. ME II extract of E. umbellatum that exhibited potent and selective activity against the WEHI-164 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines might be a good hit for further investigation. To refer induction of apoptosis, we adopted potent extracts for Hoechst 33342/Propidium iodide (PI) staining and flow cytometry analysis using Annexin FITC and PI. The results revealed that ME II against WEHI-164 displayed potent activity (18.86% apoptotic cells) compared to Bacillus calmette-guérin (BCG) at 26.33% as positive control. Etoposide and BCG were used as positive controls for MCF-7 and WEHI-164 cancer cell lines, respectively.
Keywords: Elatostema umbellatum, crude extracts, cytotoxicity, breast cancer, fibrosarcoma, flowcytometry.
In this study, a total of 9 preparations of the plant extracts were tested, using two different e... more In this study, a total of 9 preparations of the plant extracts were tested, using two different extraction methods to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial (antibacterial, antiyeast and antifungal) activity and also a toxicity test from Pilea microphylla (Urticaceae family). Three complementary test systems, namely DPPH free radical scavenging, were used as an antioxidant activity, total phenolic contents, total flavonoid contents. It was observed that inhibition values of six different solvents of Pilea microphylla extracts and the standard (Quercetin and gallic acid) increased in parallel in tests. Methanol extract of method I (ME I) showed the highest antioxidant activity at 69.51±1.03. Chloroform extract of method I (CE I) showed the highest total phenolic contents at 72.10 ± 0.71 mg GAE/g and chloroform extract of method II (CE II) showed the highest total flavonoid contents at 60.14 ± 0.33. The antimicrobial activity of Pilea microphylla extract was tested in vitro by using disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). In our study, the Pilea microphylla extracts showed antibacterial activity against some Gram negative and positive bacteria. The Pilea microphylla extracts did not exhibit antifungal and antiyeast activity. The hexane extract of method I (HE I) was not toxic against brine shrimp (LC50 value was 3880µg/ml). Therefore, the extracts could be suitable as antimicrobial and antioxidative agents in food industry.
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Papers by Darah Ibrahim
Keywords: Elatostema umbellatum, crude extracts, cytotoxicity, breast cancer, fibrosarcoma, flowcytometry.
Keywords: Pilea microphylla; Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity; DPPH radical scavenging; Toxicity test.