Papers by Stephan Bongard
Springer eBooks, 2022
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Learning and Instruction, Oct 1, 2016
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Springer eBooks, 2020
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Springer eBooks, 2020
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PsycTESTS Dataset
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Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 2022
While tobacco use rates are relatively high among East African immigrants in the U.S., factors co... more While tobacco use rates are relatively high among East African immigrants in the U.S., factors contributing to this high rate are largely unknown. Acculturation is associated with stress and substance use. Whether acculturation styles are related to stress and current tobacco use has not been tested among this population. We conducted a cross-sectional study that included 376 East African adults who provided information on demographic background, acculturation style, acculturative stress, depressive symptoms, and tobacco use. Multivariate analysis indicated that individuals who were distant to both the culture of the host country and the culture of origin (marginalization style) had greater levels of acculturative stress than those who adopted both cultures (integration style; p < .001). Marginalized people were four to eight times and assimilated people were three to four times more likely than integration people to be a current tobacco user (p < .04). This relationship did not change after controlling for demographic information and stress. In this study, acculturation style was associated with perceived stress and current tobacco use among East African immigrants. Research focused on characterizing integrated individuals may guide efforts to develop culturally-relevant strategies to reduce tobacco-related disparities among East African individuals.
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PLOS ONE, 2021
Learning to play a musical instrument is associated with different, partially conflicting emotion... more Learning to play a musical instrument is associated with different, partially conflicting emotions. This paper describes the development and psychometric properties of the Emotions while Learning an Instrument Scale (ELIS). In a longitudinal study with 545 German elementary school children factorial structure and psychometric properties were evaluated. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses confirmed a two-factor solution measuring Positive musical Emotions while Learning an Instrument (PELI) and Negative Emotions while Learning an Instrument (NELI). Both subscales yielded scores with adequate internal reliability (Cronbach’s α = .74, .86) and relatively stable retest reliabilities over 18 months (r = .11 -.56). Preliminary evidence of congruent and divergent validity of the subscales is provided. Implications for future research of musical emotional experiences in children are discussed.
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Musik und Medizin, 2015
Musikalische Emotionsregulation bei Kindern ist bisher wenig untersucht. Das vorliegende Kapitel ... more Musikalische Emotionsregulation bei Kindern ist bisher wenig untersucht. Das vorliegende Kapitel berichtet daher sowohl Befunde zu erwachsener und jugendlicher als auch zu kindlicher Emotionsregulation durch Musik. Musik scheint ein uber alle Altersstufen hinweg verwendeter Emotionsregulationsmechanismus zu sein, der vor allem zum Auslosen positiver Emotionen und zur Verringerung negativer Emotionen verwendet wird. Es konnen uber alle Altersspannen hinweg ahnliche, wenn auch nicht identische Emotionsregulationsstrategien identifiziert werden.
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Current Psychology, 2014
ABSTRACT Anger has become one of the most widely studied emotions in the psychological literature... more ABSTRACT Anger has become one of the most widely studied emotions in the psychological literature. In order to accurately assess individual differences in emotions, validated and reliable measures must be incorporated to compare findings across studies. One of the most widely used anger scales is the Novaco Anger Scale—Provocation Inventory (NAS-PI; Novaco 2003). This project examined a new translation of the NAS-PI into the German language (Ger - NAS-PI). To validate the new German translation of the NAS-PI in German and U.S. samples. In two samples of undergraduate students, U.S. and German, internal consistency, subscale correlations, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and predictive validity were all analyzed. For both ethnic groups, all coefficient alphas exceeded .70 for the major subscales (NAS-PI), and correlations between the subscales were strong for both groups within each measure and with measures of convergent and discriminant validity. In predicting PI scores and Aggression Questionnaire (AQ; Buss &amp; Perry 1992) scores, there was no evidence of intercept invariance for the AQ across the two national groups and limited evidence of slope invariance. Results suggest that the new translation is appropriate for use with German samples, but the concept of anger in German population may need further evaluation.
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Music, Health, and Wellbeing, 2012
In this chapter, we examine the influences of musical activities such as listening, singing, or d... more In this chapter, we examine the influences of musical activities such as listening, singing, or dancing on the endocrine system. The underlying assumption is that psychological processes associated with musical experiences lead to changes in the hormonal systems ...
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Psychology of Music, Jul 8, 2022
Previous work suggests that musical training can enhance acculturation processes. This study exam... more Previous work suggests that musical training can enhance acculturation processes. This study examined this assumption among third-graders with migrant backgrounds within a longitudinal framework. A total of 54 children (31 females; 23 males; mean age: 8.85 years) were assigned to one of three groups in a quasi-randomized procedure: (a) music training (singing or instrumental), (b) game-based mathematical training (board and card games), and (c) controls (do-nothing). We assumed that the music children showed increases in host culture orientation, perceived school integration, and in their individual self-concept in comparison to their peers with alternative or without additional training. Music children received weekly 45 min sessions over a period of 10 months. Data were collected at baseline, after one school year, and at a follow-up about six months after intervention. Results showed no advantages for music children across dependent measures. Increases of perceived school integration and self-concept were significant across groups. In sum, our results failed to replicate the main findings from previous studies. They suggest that weekly musical training over a period of 10 months might not be sufficient to improve the acculturation process or to enhance the self-concept of primary school children with a migration background.
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How motivation affects cardiovascular response: Mechanisms and applications., 2012
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Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 2005
The purpose of the present study was to extend a previous work in a sample of American undergradu... more The purpose of the present study was to extend a previous work in a sample of American undergraduates demonstrating the effects of situational factors on reported anger expression behavior and blood pressure. General and domain-specific anger expression behavior and subjective work stress were assessed in 218 nurses from the Frankfurt am Main metropolitan area using the original and three altered versions of the State Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI) and the Job Stress Survey (JSS). The altered versions of the STAXI asked for individuals&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; anger expression at home, during free time, and at work. Blood pressure and heart rate (HR) were measured in the field during working breaks. Women had higher scores on anger-out and lower on anger-control in the original and in the home version of the STAXI, but no sex difference was found in the work version. Participants scoring high on anger-out at work displayed elevated blood pressures and HR compared with those scoring low on this scale. High job stress was associated with greater reports of anger-in and anger-out behavior. The results suggest that the way people express stress at their work place might be an important factor in determining the impact of experienced stress on cardiovascular health.
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Nervenheilkunde, 2003
ZusammenfassungMit funktioneller Magnetresonanztomographie (fMRT) untersuchten wir die Wirkung au... more ZusammenfassungMit funktioneller Magnetresonanztomographie (fMRT) untersuchten wir die Wirkung ausgewählter klassischromantischer Instrumentalmusik auf die zerebrale Aktivität. Einer Stichprobe von n = 17 (7 weiblich) gesunden erwachsenen Versuchspersonen wurden je 10 Musikausschnitte mit »fröhlichem« und »traurigem« Ausdruck sowie rosa Rauschen jeweils für 20 Sekunden (im Wechsel mit gleichlangen, musikfreien Intervallen = Ruhebedingung) im Scanner dargeboten. Die Ausschnitte induzierten gleiche Lautstärken (gemessen in Sone). Anschließend beurteilten die Probanden den emotionalen Ausdruck derselben Ausschnitte auf Rating-Skalen. Die Ergebnisse dieser subjektiven Urteile entsprachen den intendierten Emotionskategorien. fMRT: Musik im Kontrast zum Rauschen (plus Ruhebedingung) aktiviert fokal-kortikale Areale bilateral (mit rechtshemisphärischer Betonung, Wernicke-Region und Heschlsche Querwindungen eingeschlossen) überwiegend im Gyrus temporalis superior. In den differenziellen Kon...
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Frontiers in Psychology, 2022
Cultural and biographical influences on the expression of emotions manifest themselves in so-call... more Cultural and biographical influences on the expression of emotions manifest themselves in so-called “display rules.” These rules determine the time, intensity, and situations in which an emotion is expressed. To date, only a small number of empirical studies deal with this transformation of how migrants, who are faced with a new culture, may change their emotional expression. The present, cross-sectional study focuses on changes in anger expression as part of a complex acculturation process among Iranian migrants. To this end, Iranian citizens in Iran (n = 61), German citizens (n = 61), and Iranian migrants in Germany (n = 60) were compared in terms of anger expression behavior and acculturation strategy (assimilation, separation, integration, marginalization) was assessed among the migrants, using the Frankfurt Acculturation Scale (FRACC). A questionnaire developed in a preliminary study was used to measure anger expression via subjective anger experience and anger expression withi...
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Handbuch Stress und Kultur, 2021
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Frontiers in Psychology, 2019
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Psychology of Music, 2013
Instrumental music training has been shown to enhance cognitive processing beyond general intelli... more Instrumental music training has been shown to enhance cognitive processing beyond general intelligence. We examined this assumption with regard to working memory performance in primary school-aged children ( N = 50; 7–8 years of age) within a longitudinal study design. Half of the children participated in an extended music education program with 45 minutes of weekly instrumental music training, while the other half received extended natural science training. Each child completed a computerized test battery three times over a period of 18 months. The battery included seven subtests, which address the central executive, the phonological loop and the visuospatial sketchpad components of Baddeley’s working memory model. Socio-economic background and basic cognitive functions were assessed for each participant and used as covariates in subsequent analyses of variance (ANOVAs). Significant group by time interactions were found for phonological loop and central executive subtests, indicati...
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Musicae Scientiae, 2002
Vorangegangene Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass kardiovaskulare Reaktionen beim Musikhoren nich... more Vorangegangene Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass kardiovaskulare Reaktionen beim Musikhoren nicht nur durch Eigenschaften der Musik, sondern auch durch die Biographiedes Rezipienten beeinflusst werden können. In der vorliegenden Studie sollten die emotionalen und kardiovaskulären Wirkungen von „frohlicher” und „trauriger” Musik bei Musikern und Nichtmusikern untersucht werden. Es wurde erwartet, dass Musiker eine ausgeprägtere Reaktivität aufweisen als Nichtmusiker, und dass sich die Reaktionsmuster zu „fröhlicher” und „trauriger” Musik voneinander unterscheiden. Insgesamt 55 männliche und weibliche Musiker und Nichtmusiker nahmen an der Studie teil. Den Probanden wurden in Blocks von 2 Minuten Auszuge aus je drei fröhlichen bzw. traurigen Musikstücken dargeboten. Dabei wurden jeweils subjektive Beurteilungen der Musikstücke und die positiven und negativen Affektreaktionen erfragt, sowie die kardiovaskularen Reaktionen impedanzkardiographisch aufgezeichnet. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, ...
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Papers by Stephan Bongard