Books by Beatriz C. Maturana
AMPS Proceedings Series 10, 2017
Urban sprawl and rising urban populations create a greater need for new infrastructure to connect... more Urban sprawl and rising urban populations create a greater need for new infrastructure to connect with the city and places an increased demand and cost on energy supply. We argue that the impact of government intervention in such a landscape becomes increasingly more difficult and less effective in terms of housing as a strategy and instrument to mitigate the effects of a fragmenting city. This paper is based in research undertaking between 2013- 2016 into two key housing projects within the Chilean government’s Socially Integrated Housing program (SIH) (Proyectos de Viviendas de Integracion Social). The authors focus on two key aspects of the SIH program: the quality of the design and construction of the dwellings and the access to and distribution of services and connectivity within the neighbourhood and with the city. Firstly, we consider social integration through the location of the housing developments, the access to services and the related levels of satisfaction with and participation within the created neighbourhoods. Secondly, we consider social integration by assessing the typologies and performance of housing in the two SIH developments and the social-spatial relationship of the housing to the public spaces and amenity. Thirdly, from the aforementioned studies and in the absence of a social measure of integration other than household incomes as a percentage mix of the neighbourhood population, we develop the concept of conviviality.
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IntentCity was the inaugural forum establishing many of the principles of the Architects for Peac... more IntentCity was the inaugural forum establishing many of the principles of the Architects for Peace. This publication launch will feature contributors to IntentCity and a discussion about social responsibility and the right to the city. Contributors to IntentCity include Dr Darko Radovic, Beatriz Maturana, Dr Kit Lazaroo and Liz Coleman, Marc Purcell, Geoff Hogg, Su Mellersh-Lucas and Mick Pearce.
Find more or download PDF: http://archpeace.blogspot.com/2011/08/intentcity-book-download-as-pdf.html
Editors: Beatriz C. Maturana & Anthony McInneny
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Papers by Beatriz C. Maturana
Museo Nacional Benjamín Vicuña Mackenna, 2017
Introduction in English: Parque Forestal: a persistent urban project that integrates nature and c... more Introduction in English: Parque Forestal: a persistent urban project that integrates nature and city In the month of urbanism, I was invited to write a column for the National Museum Benjamín Vicuña MacKenna (Santiago, Chile). This column is intended as “a space of reflection and participation and seeks to collect the opinion from citizens, specialist and academics on the city”. I chose to write about Parque Forestal, an urban park designed in the year 1900 by the French architect George Dubois. This linear urban park is significant in that it recognises and incorporates the geographical situation and natural landmarks defining the city (the Andes, its mountain ranges, and the Mapocho River). Because of the Parque Forestal´s flawless design logic, new parks continue to be created in all the municipalities crossed by the river. These parks stretch along the Mapocho river, creating a system of open spaces—urban “windows”— and allowing us to contemplate the Andes mountains in a continuous manner. In times when urban gestures tend to be timid, surrendering the responsibility of cities (in all their complexity) to others, often the market and their developers, it is crucial to revisit and value the work done by our predecessors—the urbanists—and recuperate the drive that will permit us make cities better places for all. (Article in Spanish, published by the MNBVM on November 1, 2017).
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Open House International, 2019
Within Santiago, Chile’s capital city, Barrio is a fundamental urban concept: an identity of plac... more Within Santiago, Chile’s capital city, Barrio is a fundamental urban concept: an identity of place that defines a social space more than the territorial boundary of a designated area. Nearly 30 years of sustained, economic growth have positioned Chile, and Santiago with 40% of the country’s population, as a tourist, financial and investment centre for South America. After a general decline of the inner-city area during the time of dictatorship (1973-1990), three innercity residential barrios are being re-defined by their social and urban heritage as part of the “coolest” city of South America. These residential barrios possess the social characteristics of an urban unit within the concept of an ethical city—autonomy, conviviality, connectivity and diversity—and, in form and use, the basis of urban cultural tourism, a living heritage of residential architecture, public space, and urban culture. The spatial and economic transformation of these barrios shifts the existing dynamic between the residents’ social capital and the barrios’ symbolic capital to the question of whose rights and interests should prevail. Through a literature review, policy review and analysis of morphology and land use of three barrios, this article draws lessons to assist a re-thinking of the development of this urban, social-spatial unit of Chilean cities.
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Charrette 5 (1), 2018
In a world fundamentally changed by global warming and mass urbanization the question of urban su... more In a world fundamentally changed by global warming and mass urbanization the question of urban sustainability is a central challenge for the professions of the built environment and the education of their professionals. This essay discusses the triadic relationship in architectural education between academic research, the Architecture Design Studio (ADS) model and the strategic approach for the Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism at the University of Chile. The authors present three case studies that together, attempt to embed the question of urban sustainability as a focus in the research, curriculum and practice of this faculty. This essay firstly considers academic research undertaken into two socially integrated housing developments and the segregation of cities as a teaching environment and as a catalyst to create a forum for academic and students research activities. The authors then combine the unique aspects of the ADS model with urban intervention to connect the design problem of urban sustainability to a physical reality. Lastly, the strategic approach of the Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism is used as a structural opportunity to embed urban sustainability across, between and through curriculum and academic development and teaching. In conclusion, the authors unpack the tensions revealed in this triadic relationship at the leading public university of Chile-a country of the Global South and member of the OECD.
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Social integration is an important goal of contemporary urban policy in Chile. Using the concept ... more Social integration is an important goal of contemporary urban policy in Chile. Using the concept of conviviality understood as the “art of living in community” (Esteva, 2012), this work analyses two socially integrated housing developments in Chile. This paper argues that materially interspersing different socioeconomic groups within housing developments is insufficient on its own to achieve the objectives of social integration espoused in the national urban policy. In particular, it leaves aside community and cultural processes and therefore neglects considerations of inclusion, equity, and conviviality. Furthermore, it is insufficient on its own in meeting sustainable cities and quality of life objectives of the National Urban Development Policy. As a result, we raise critical questions for the implementation of national policy objectives to combat the segregation of cities. The concept of assessing conviviality is proposed as a means to further understand social integration.
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This paper achieves the resolutions by challenging the manner in which housing for social integra... more This paper achieves the resolutions by challenging the manner in which housing for social integration is conceived today. Instead of focusing upon and promoting a financial gain to the middle class in order for them to live with the poor, this proposal tries to encourage a long term sustainable approach based on people’s interest in energy cost savings and better built environments. This approach cuts across all social classes and offers a more liveable housing option to those who need it most.
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Las siguientes reflexiones se enmarcan en un seminario presentado durante la Semana de la Sustent... more Las siguientes reflexiones se enmarcan en un seminario presentado durante la Semana de la Sustentabilidad (mayo, 2014), en la Universidad de Chile. Este seminario se enfocó en el reciente incendio de Valparaíso, el que se contrasta con el incendio que afectó parte del estado de Victoria, Australia (febrero 7, 2009). Ambos incendios se consideran los más devastadores en la historia de estos países. Para este seminario se sugirió responder a cuatro preguntas, las que ayudaron a orientar la presentación y también a cuestionar algunas de las premisas. Entre estas premisas está la idea de que se puede solucionar un problema de escala urbana a través del objeto vivienda, lo que conlleva a un uso distorsionado de la noción de sustentabilidad. Entre las similitudes y diferencias de estos dos casos, llama la atención que en ambos se enfatizan las soluciones de vivienda como respuesta a un problema mucho más crítico, que era y sigue siendo, la falta de planificación.
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Design studio is characterised by a teaching model that is distinctly suited for problem-solving.... more Design studio is characterised by a teaching model that is distinctly suited for problem-solving. Correspondingly, literature, including information produced by Australian faculties of architecture about their courses asserts that design studio is modelled around problem-solving. However, my research into design studio handouts found a common omission in posing a ‘problem’—a problem that would justify a design solution and from which the ´significance´ of the task would derive. I argue that a well-articulated design problem imbues the case with purpose and significance. It also provides a benchmark against which the results can be assessed and verified.
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Arq-architectural Research Quarterly, 2008
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International Journal of Architectural Research, 2010
This paper is part of my research exploring the architectural design studio (ADS) and its engagem... more This paper is part of my research exploring the architectural design studio (ADS) and its engagement with the real world. This engagement is partly investigated by identifying instances where the architectural design brief (reflecting the reality of practice) manifests in the ADS handouts. Specifically, it examines the occurrence of three of the nine criteria identified in the design brief within the ADS handouts: consultation, need, and client. Spike and the slumdwellers are two “clients” that reveal some of the complexities of the connection between ADS handouts and the real world. The data for the study consists of 145 handouts from three architectural faculties in Australia. It covers five years of architectural studies between 2003 and 2007.
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By now most of you will be familiar with the natural disaster that affected the State of Victoria... more By now most of you will be familiar with the natural disaster that affected the State of Victoria in Australia. Although it is believed that some of the fires may be the work of arsonists, this is a natural disaster in the sense that it was triggered by an dreadful combination of climatic conditions such as a very dry season, thick and dry native forest (bush) in country Victoria and around Melbourne’s periphery, strong winds and an unprecedented heat of up to 48 degrees Celsius. As these harsh climate conditions with its disastrous consequences become more frequent, Australian authorities and politicians are now quick to name climate change as a contributing factor.[1] In view of a future increasingly exposed to a harsher climate, calls for the review of emergency laws, the upgrading of fire evacuation plans and building regulations are been considered. However, are these expedient responses dealing with the complex issue of suburban and outer suburban living?
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This short article discusses some architectural designs offered by architects (particularly shipp... more This short article discusses some architectural designs offered by architects (particularly shipping containers) promoted as solutions for earthquake devastates areas. It questions the shallowness of these proposals as it argues that these solutions are ignorant of the real conditions affecting the countries/places in question and arrogant in their dismissal of those countries' local knowledge and technologies.
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Article published in Architects for Peace discussing contextual social and technological conditio... more Article published in Architects for Peace discussing contextual social and technological conditions surrounding the earthquake in Chile.
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Reflections on the Oxford Conference 2008
As its title suggests, ‘The Oxford Conference 2008: 50... more Reflections on the Oxford Conference 2008
As its title suggests, ‘The Oxford Conference 2008: 50 Years on – Resetting the Agenda for Architectural Education’ aimed to influence architectural education. Five decades ago, in 1958, fifty delegates representing British members of the profession, industry and teaching institutions attended the first and only other Oxford Conference on Architectural Education organised by the RIBA. Several visitors from abroad and from Commonwealth countries also attended. The 1958 conference articulated the demand to shift architectural education from polytechnics or art schools to universities, and fifty years later the notion that we live in a ‘climate of change’ permeated Oxford Conference 2008 (Oxford 2008). With delegates from forty-two countries representing every continent there was a manifest change in the composition of the delegates, and on the face of it this would suggest that a more diverse attendance made a difference in the spectrum of issues coming to the forefront: but did it?
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I recently came across a question posed by Dr. Ashraf Salama in his website. Dr Salama asks, “Con... more I recently came across a question posed by Dr. Ashraf Salama in his website. Dr Salama asks, “Conference Attendance: Do the Developing have Something to Offer the Developed?”[1]
The question is interesting because it may not be possible or prudent to try and answer it without first understanding the conditions imposed by the notion of ‘developed’ and ‘developing’. Can an answer be attempted without questioning this dichotomy? And as Dr Salama rightly points out, if there is more than ‘something’ already offered by poorer countries, what has prevented an even larger contribution and due acknowledgement? Dr Salama illustrates the question by providing some examples. He notes a low level of attendance to international conferences on the part of developing countries. He also notices that when people from poorer countries attend, there is an “implicit assumption that they go to learn”, rather than to share their knowledge or, why not, even teach. Dr Salama however claims that there may indeed be a lot of learning coming from the ‘developing’ world but that it is not appropriately acknowledged. For example, he claims that much is learnt from the developing world in matters of conservation, ecological design practices, historical analysis and education.
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The Buka-Hatene (Want to Know) Community Learning Centre is one of the most ambitious projects un... more The Buka-Hatene (Want to Know) Community Learning Centre is one of the most ambitious projects undertaken by the Friends of Baucau to date. The process of development of the centre brings about many questions regarding the depth of our (Australian) knowledge of the Timorese nation and about our capacity to embrace it without impositions on our part. This paper aims to evaluate the process of realising the Buka-Hatene Community Learning Centre project in the context of the cultural, environmental and economical realities of Timor Leste.
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Books by Beatriz C. Maturana
Find more or download PDF: http://archpeace.blogspot.com/2011/08/intentcity-book-download-as-pdf.html
Editors: Beatriz C. Maturana & Anthony McInneny
Papers by Beatriz C. Maturana
As its title suggests, ‘The Oxford Conference 2008: 50 Years on – Resetting the Agenda for Architectural Education’ aimed to influence architectural education. Five decades ago, in 1958, fifty delegates representing British members of the profession, industry and teaching institutions attended the first and only other Oxford Conference on Architectural Education organised by the RIBA. Several visitors from abroad and from Commonwealth countries also attended. The 1958 conference articulated the demand to shift architectural education from polytechnics or art schools to universities, and fifty years later the notion that we live in a ‘climate of change’ permeated Oxford Conference 2008 (Oxford 2008). With delegates from forty-two countries representing every continent there was a manifest change in the composition of the delegates, and on the face of it this would suggest that a more diverse attendance made a difference in the spectrum of issues coming to the forefront: but did it?
The question is interesting because it may not be possible or prudent to try and answer it without first understanding the conditions imposed by the notion of ‘developed’ and ‘developing’. Can an answer be attempted without questioning this dichotomy? And as Dr Salama rightly points out, if there is more than ‘something’ already offered by poorer countries, what has prevented an even larger contribution and due acknowledgement? Dr Salama illustrates the question by providing some examples. He notes a low level of attendance to international conferences on the part of developing countries. He also notices that when people from poorer countries attend, there is an “implicit assumption that they go to learn”, rather than to share their knowledge or, why not, even teach. Dr Salama however claims that there may indeed be a lot of learning coming from the ‘developing’ world but that it is not appropriately acknowledged. For example, he claims that much is learnt from the developing world in matters of conservation, ecological design practices, historical analysis and education.
Find more or download PDF: http://archpeace.blogspot.com/2011/08/intentcity-book-download-as-pdf.html
Editors: Beatriz C. Maturana & Anthony McInneny
As its title suggests, ‘The Oxford Conference 2008: 50 Years on – Resetting the Agenda for Architectural Education’ aimed to influence architectural education. Five decades ago, in 1958, fifty delegates representing British members of the profession, industry and teaching institutions attended the first and only other Oxford Conference on Architectural Education organised by the RIBA. Several visitors from abroad and from Commonwealth countries also attended. The 1958 conference articulated the demand to shift architectural education from polytechnics or art schools to universities, and fifty years later the notion that we live in a ‘climate of change’ permeated Oxford Conference 2008 (Oxford 2008). With delegates from forty-two countries representing every continent there was a manifest change in the composition of the delegates, and on the face of it this would suggest that a more diverse attendance made a difference in the spectrum of issues coming to the forefront: but did it?
The question is interesting because it may not be possible or prudent to try and answer it without first understanding the conditions imposed by the notion of ‘developed’ and ‘developing’. Can an answer be attempted without questioning this dichotomy? And as Dr Salama rightly points out, if there is more than ‘something’ already offered by poorer countries, what has prevented an even larger contribution and due acknowledgement? Dr Salama illustrates the question by providing some examples. He notes a low level of attendance to international conferences on the part of developing countries. He also notices that when people from poorer countries attend, there is an “implicit assumption that they go to learn”, rather than to share their knowledge or, why not, even teach. Dr Salama however claims that there may indeed be a lot of learning coming from the ‘developing’ world but that it is not appropriately acknowledged. For example, he claims that much is learnt from the developing world in matters of conservation, ecological design practices, historical analysis and education.