Papers by Kristof Hergott
Határtalan Régészet, 2023
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bonus Nuntium, 2023
Thanks to the macro and micro regional researches carried out on the Avar Khaganate, we have a mo... more Thanks to the macro and micro regional researches carried out on the Avar Khaganate, we have a more detailed idea about the society of Avar age. Since the material culture of the Avar community can be well defined within the area of Khaganate, it is the same in Tisza–Maros– Körös region. One of the characteristics of the Avars who occupied the region is the horse burial that appears in a variety of forms. In order to survey this, we provide new data by presenting and evaluating the horse graves of Szentes–Nagyhegy Avar cemetery partially known to the research but has not been fully processed. Nagyhegy cemetery was excavated between 1927 and 1941 in several steps and at several locations by Gábor Csallány and Dezső Csallány. During the excavations, 380 Avar age burials were discovered. Now it can be said that out of the 380 graves, we can list burials with horses, riders or burials with horse harness in 16 cases. In 1 case out of the 16, we can sort a burial with horse harness. These graves were found in the central part of the cemetery, in the NE and SE parts and are mainly grouped in the central and western part. The examined burials were mostly in a zone where graves were found orienting mainly NW–SE. It is not surprising that the majority of horse burials were also oriented in the direction mentioned above. Among the rider burials, in 6 cases the corpse was buried in coffin. In 1 case, the coffin was fastened with only carpenter staples, otherwise S-shaped staples were used besides carpenter staples. It is assumed by the S-shaped staples that log coffin was used in the cemetery. In all cases of 15 rider burials, horse was placed next to a male. Moreover, in 13 cases a belt set found next to the body emphasizes the social status of the dead person. Based on the grave goods, the 16 burials dated back to the end of the 7th century, the 8th century or to the first half of the 9th century, for this reason, the occurrence of horse graves can be said to be continuous
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bonus Nuntium, 2023
The full periodical see here: https://bonusnuntium.hu/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/BN23_1.pdf
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Mozaikok Online, 2022
A Kárpát-medencei avarság hitvilága alaposan kutatott területnek számít: a Kaganátus szerte felle... more A Kárpát-medencei avarság hitvilága alaposan kutatott területnek számít: a Kaganátus szerte fellelhető amuletteket, valamint az avar társadalomban jelenlévő keresztény nyomokat több tanulmányban is részletesen elemezték. Ezen vizsgálatok azonban leginkább az avarság történetének 6-7. századi periódusára fókuszáltak, a 7. század vége utáni, kései időszakának vallási, hiedelemvilágbéli leletanyagára vonatkozóan kevés adattal bírunk. Jelen dolgozatomban ezen időszakot járom körül, munkámban egy olyan tárgycsoportot fogok behatóbban elemezni, mely korábban a kis esetszám miatt a kutatás perifériájára került, ezek a késő avar kori ólomból készült amulettek négyszögletes csoportja. Tanulmányomban a Tisza-Maros-Körös vidékről előkerült példányok formai tipológiáján keresztül törekszem arra, hogy egy átfogó képet adjak a tárgytípusról. Mivel az ismertetésre kerülő anyag tetemes része szórványként tartható számon – lévén fémkeresős kutatások eredményeként kerültek elő –, régészeti kontextus híján ezek alaposabb elemzésre alkalmatlanok. Ennek ellenére díszítésük és kialakításuk nagy variabilitása lehetővé teszi ezek tipológiáját, tágabb formai csoportokba való rendezését. A tárgyak vizsgálatánál kizárólag a formai sajátosságokra fókuszálok, ugyanis a jelenlegi képünk az ólomamulettek elterjedéséről bármiféle regionális elemzésre alkalmatlan: a Tisza-Maros-Körös vidéken kívül kevés olyan hely van, amelyet hasonló alapossággal vizsgálnának fémkereső műszerrel, ebből fakadóan az, hogy ezek a tárgyak ekkora számban vannak jelen a térségben kizárólag a kutatottság aránytalanságából eredhet.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
SÖTÉT IDŐK HÉTKÖZNAPJAI. A 2020-ban Debrecenben megrendezett konferencia kiadványa. Tempora Obscura 5., 2022
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Határtalan Régészet 6/IV., 2021
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Mozaikok Online 1, 2021
Mozaikok Online 1 (2021), 41-61. (http://mozaik.ngytm.hu/)
The aim of my present work is to prov... more Mozaikok Online 1 (2021), 41-61. (http://mozaik.ngytm.hu/)
The aim of my present work is to provide some additions to the late Avar age of the Tisza-Maros-Körös region through the presentation of a previously unk-nown Avar site. I think it is important to emphasize that the site has only been investigated through reconnaissance surveys and metal detector surveys so far, as a result of which the site may raise more questions than it currently pro-vides answers to. Through the review of the Mezőhegyes–7-es tábla site, I wan-ted to draw attention to the fact that are still researchable areas in the Tisza-Maros-Körös region, which, if we do not start researching in time, will be nullified by the erosion of agriculture. The finds from the 7-es tábla site are their ana-logies are widespread inside and outside the territory of the Avar Kaganate, yet in order to get an accurate picture of the site, a more thorough examina-tion of it is essential. The degree of wear of metal finds in many cases suggests that they may have been in use for a short time, so it can be assumed that they were dug into the ground shortly after they were made. Until we thoroughly examine the site of the Mezőhegyes–7-es tábla, only questions arise in con-nection with it. Was this area a settlement or cemetery at dusk in the Avar era? If it was a cemetery then it have an earlier period or is it a purely late Avar site? In the case of a cemetery, how many graves are to be reckoned with? What is the real extent of the grave field? If its a settlement then how is it here in good condition, little worn fittings? What can the presence of these metal fittings in a settlement suggest? Based on our knowledge so far, we can say that the ob-jects found here, based on their parallels, date from the 2nd half of the 8th century to the beginning of the 9th century.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Határtalan Régészet, 2019
A régészeti kutatás számára nagyon fontos a tárgyak
származási helye, ezek lelőhelyen belüli hely... more A régészeti kutatás számára nagyon fontos a tárgyak
származási helye, ezek lelőhelyen belüli helyzete és kontextusa. A fémkeresőzésből múzeumba jutott példányok azonban
szinte minden esetben szórvány leletnek minősülnek (azaz nem ismertek sem lelőkörülményeik, sem kontextusuk), s még
akkor is így van ez, ha megtalálójuk pontos koordinátákat is rögzít hozzájuk. A jelen írásunkban felvonultatott darabok egy olyan anyag
részét képezik, amelyek „szórványabbak a szórványoknál”, hiszen találójuk még a tárgyak lelőhelyét sem jegyezte fel, csupán azt, hogy azokat munkája során a Battonya és Biharugra közti határszakaszon találta. A leleteket végül valódi nevét eltitkolva juttatta be az orosházi Nagy Gyula Területi Múzeumba leginkább a 2015. évi törvényi változások hatására. Mostani válogatásunk célja kettős: egyrészt felhívni a figyelmet az illegális fémkeresős tevékenység (illetve sok esetben az ehhez kapcsolódó illegális műkincs-kereskedelem) elleni közös fellépés szükségességére, illetve az ehhez hasonló leletegyüttesekben is meglapuló érdekes és értékes darabok közlésének fontosságára.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
A Móra Ferenc Múzeum Évkönyve Új Folyam 6., 2019
Late medieval and early modern thumb rings
are among the less well-researched object types
in the... more Late medieval and early modern thumb rings
are among the less well-researched object types
in the Hungarian material. In connection with a
bone thumb ring found during the excavation of
the southern gate tower of the castle of Szeged,
we collected from the literature all the published
rings and also highlighted its parallels in
the collection of the Hermitage. Our collection
cannot be considered complete, and there are
probably more unpublished thumb rings in the
storerooms of the museums. The best parallels
of the thumb ring we present here are known
from the excavations of the castles of Eger and
Kőszeg, and from Grave 144 of the Serbian cemetery
of Győr-Gabonavásártér. With regard to
its stratigraphic position, the thumb ring from
Szeged should be considered a stray find, but
based on historical data it cannot be earlier than
the middle of the 16th century.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Veritatis Imago, 2019
In this paper I examined avar age arrowheads based on the specimens found in the Tisza-Maros-Körö... more In this paper I examined avar age arrowheads based on the specimens found in the Tisza-Maros-Körös region. Based on the 27 arrowheads of the 13 sites I have elaborated on the bases of the typology of the avar age arrowheads. The 27 arrowheads I examined were separated into 11 formal groups and 3 functional groups. This typology can not be projected into the whole Avar Khaganate, but it can be used as a basis for a comprehensive typology in the future. In addition to typology, I also analyzed the graves in this region. The characteristic feature of the Tisza-Maros-Körös region is that in the Avar period less weapons were put in the graves. Based on my observations, arrowheads can play a cult role in the tombs if the arrowhead is not placed on the right side of the body, in the line of the hand, at the presumed place of the quiver, or if another weapon is placed near the dead. I believe that the cultic role of the arrowheads is primarily indicated by the grave of the object or the addition of another weapon beside the dead, but deportation from a superstitious habit is not a gender phenomenon. In relation to the arrowheads that I collected it can be stated that the habit of attaching the arrowheads and the incidence of the arrowheads at the grave during the Avar age are gradually decreasing. The area I study does not provide
enough data to determine the inner chronology of the arrowheads, which is related to the specific burial habits typical of the area, that is, the habit of giving weapon attachments in the area is rare, so the arrowheads are also a rare finding in the full time of the Avar period of the Tisza-Maros Körös region.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
ACTA IUVENUM SECTIO ARCHAEOLOGICA TOMUS IV., 2019
In my paper, I examine the Avar archer technique. In the international scholarship, the nomadic a... more In my paper, I examine the Avar archer technique. In the international scholarship, the nomadic archer technique, the Mongolian draw, or thumb draw/thumb technique can be considered a thoroughly studied area. These archer techniques have two characteristic devices, namely the thumb ring and the thumb guard. The latter is less researched, this is why we have few information about it. However, these archer techniques have never been studied in the archaeological material of a certain nomadic tribe. This is true also concerning the Avar Age material of the Carpathian Basin. Present paper is the first attempt to introduce two characteristic objects of the draw in the archaeological material of a nomadic people and to present new data on the rings worn on the hand holding the bow, because this topic was peripheric both in Hungarian and international scholarship. So, the opinions on the function of the thumb guard are divided. Some researchers think that these rings were applied to stabilize the lay of arrow, or maybe the nodule helped in aiming. In other opinions, these ringsprotected the hand holding the bow. So far, we didn’t know the Avar archery technique; in my study I tried to investigate it. In the Avar material of the Carpathian Basin, I separated 21 burials from 15 sites where bone and metal rings could have been thumb rings and thumb guards. These objects are usually found near the area of the left hand, pelvis and limb. They all have similar metric data and morphological features. These rings are made of iron or, in some cases, of bronze; their inner diameter is 1.3–2.3 cm in average. This inner diameter is similar to the rings from the Eurasian steppe. They have similar morphological features, namely they consist of two parts, a round body; their characteristic feature is also the nodule. They can be ranked in two types and six subtypes.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
In this paper I examined avar age arrowheads based on the specimens found in the Tisza-Maros-Körö... more In this paper I examined avar age arrowheads based on the specimens found in the Tisza-Maros-Körös region. Based on the 27 arrowheads of the 13 sites I have elaborated on the bases of the tipology of the avar age arrowheads. The characteristic feature of the Körös-Tisza-Maros region that in the avar period were put less weapon in the graves. For this reason, both geographically and by burial habits, it can be said to be a well-defined area. Nevertheless this 27 arrowhead has shown a sufficiently variability to form a base of a comprehensive tipology. In this tipology, arrowheads were separated on the basis of shape aspects, it was indispensable to create a standard terminology for the parts of the arrowhead. Beyond the formal separation of the arrowheads I also organized them into functional groups. The 27 arrowheads I examined finally separated into 11 formal group and 3 funcitonal group. This tipology can not be projected into the whole Avar Khaganate, but it can be used as a basis for a comprehensive tipology in the future.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Uploads
Papers by Kristof Hergott
The aim of my present work is to provide some additions to the late Avar age of the Tisza-Maros-Körös region through the presentation of a previously unk-nown Avar site. I think it is important to emphasize that the site has only been investigated through reconnaissance surveys and metal detector surveys so far, as a result of which the site may raise more questions than it currently pro-vides answers to. Through the review of the Mezőhegyes–7-es tábla site, I wan-ted to draw attention to the fact that are still researchable areas in the Tisza-Maros-Körös region, which, if we do not start researching in time, will be nullified by the erosion of agriculture. The finds from the 7-es tábla site are their ana-logies are widespread inside and outside the territory of the Avar Kaganate, yet in order to get an accurate picture of the site, a more thorough examina-tion of it is essential. The degree of wear of metal finds in many cases suggests that they may have been in use for a short time, so it can be assumed that they were dug into the ground shortly after they were made. Until we thoroughly examine the site of the Mezőhegyes–7-es tábla, only questions arise in con-nection with it. Was this area a settlement or cemetery at dusk in the Avar era? If it was a cemetery then it have an earlier period or is it a purely late Avar site? In the case of a cemetery, how many graves are to be reckoned with? What is the real extent of the grave field? If its a settlement then how is it here in good condition, little worn fittings? What can the presence of these metal fittings in a settlement suggest? Based on our knowledge so far, we can say that the ob-jects found here, based on their parallels, date from the 2nd half of the 8th century to the beginning of the 9th century.
származási helye, ezek lelőhelyen belüli helyzete és kontextusa. A fémkeresőzésből múzeumba jutott példányok azonban
szinte minden esetben szórvány leletnek minősülnek (azaz nem ismertek sem lelőkörülményeik, sem kontextusuk), s még
akkor is így van ez, ha megtalálójuk pontos koordinátákat is rögzít hozzájuk. A jelen írásunkban felvonultatott darabok egy olyan anyag
részét képezik, amelyek „szórványabbak a szórványoknál”, hiszen találójuk még a tárgyak lelőhelyét sem jegyezte fel, csupán azt, hogy azokat munkája során a Battonya és Biharugra közti határszakaszon találta. A leleteket végül valódi nevét eltitkolva juttatta be az orosházi Nagy Gyula Területi Múzeumba leginkább a 2015. évi törvényi változások hatására. Mostani válogatásunk célja kettős: egyrészt felhívni a figyelmet az illegális fémkeresős tevékenység (illetve sok esetben az ehhez kapcsolódó illegális műkincs-kereskedelem) elleni közös fellépés szükségességére, illetve az ehhez hasonló leletegyüttesekben is meglapuló érdekes és értékes darabok közlésének fontosságára.
are among the less well-researched object types
in the Hungarian material. In connection with a
bone thumb ring found during the excavation of
the southern gate tower of the castle of Szeged,
we collected from the literature all the published
rings and also highlighted its parallels in
the collection of the Hermitage. Our collection
cannot be considered complete, and there are
probably more unpublished thumb rings in the
storerooms of the museums. The best parallels
of the thumb ring we present here are known
from the excavations of the castles of Eger and
Kőszeg, and from Grave 144 of the Serbian cemetery
of Győr-Gabonavásártér. With regard to
its stratigraphic position, the thumb ring from
Szeged should be considered a stray find, but
based on historical data it cannot be earlier than
the middle of the 16th century.
enough data to determine the inner chronology of the arrowheads, which is related to the specific burial habits typical of the area, that is, the habit of giving weapon attachments in the area is rare, so the arrowheads are also a rare finding in the full time of the Avar period of the Tisza-Maros Körös region.
The aim of my present work is to provide some additions to the late Avar age of the Tisza-Maros-Körös region through the presentation of a previously unk-nown Avar site. I think it is important to emphasize that the site has only been investigated through reconnaissance surveys and metal detector surveys so far, as a result of which the site may raise more questions than it currently pro-vides answers to. Through the review of the Mezőhegyes–7-es tábla site, I wan-ted to draw attention to the fact that are still researchable areas in the Tisza-Maros-Körös region, which, if we do not start researching in time, will be nullified by the erosion of agriculture. The finds from the 7-es tábla site are their ana-logies are widespread inside and outside the territory of the Avar Kaganate, yet in order to get an accurate picture of the site, a more thorough examina-tion of it is essential. The degree of wear of metal finds in many cases suggests that they may have been in use for a short time, so it can be assumed that they were dug into the ground shortly after they were made. Until we thoroughly examine the site of the Mezőhegyes–7-es tábla, only questions arise in con-nection with it. Was this area a settlement or cemetery at dusk in the Avar era? If it was a cemetery then it have an earlier period or is it a purely late Avar site? In the case of a cemetery, how many graves are to be reckoned with? What is the real extent of the grave field? If its a settlement then how is it here in good condition, little worn fittings? What can the presence of these metal fittings in a settlement suggest? Based on our knowledge so far, we can say that the ob-jects found here, based on their parallels, date from the 2nd half of the 8th century to the beginning of the 9th century.
származási helye, ezek lelőhelyen belüli helyzete és kontextusa. A fémkeresőzésből múzeumba jutott példányok azonban
szinte minden esetben szórvány leletnek minősülnek (azaz nem ismertek sem lelőkörülményeik, sem kontextusuk), s még
akkor is így van ez, ha megtalálójuk pontos koordinátákat is rögzít hozzájuk. A jelen írásunkban felvonultatott darabok egy olyan anyag
részét képezik, amelyek „szórványabbak a szórványoknál”, hiszen találójuk még a tárgyak lelőhelyét sem jegyezte fel, csupán azt, hogy azokat munkája során a Battonya és Biharugra közti határszakaszon találta. A leleteket végül valódi nevét eltitkolva juttatta be az orosházi Nagy Gyula Területi Múzeumba leginkább a 2015. évi törvényi változások hatására. Mostani válogatásunk célja kettős: egyrészt felhívni a figyelmet az illegális fémkeresős tevékenység (illetve sok esetben az ehhez kapcsolódó illegális műkincs-kereskedelem) elleni közös fellépés szükségességére, illetve az ehhez hasonló leletegyüttesekben is meglapuló érdekes és értékes darabok közlésének fontosságára.
are among the less well-researched object types
in the Hungarian material. In connection with a
bone thumb ring found during the excavation of
the southern gate tower of the castle of Szeged,
we collected from the literature all the published
rings and also highlighted its parallels in
the collection of the Hermitage. Our collection
cannot be considered complete, and there are
probably more unpublished thumb rings in the
storerooms of the museums. The best parallels
of the thumb ring we present here are known
from the excavations of the castles of Eger and
Kőszeg, and from Grave 144 of the Serbian cemetery
of Győr-Gabonavásártér. With regard to
its stratigraphic position, the thumb ring from
Szeged should be considered a stray find, but
based on historical data it cannot be earlier than
the middle of the 16th century.
enough data to determine the inner chronology of the arrowheads, which is related to the specific burial habits typical of the area, that is, the habit of giving weapon attachments in the area is rare, so the arrowheads are also a rare finding in the full time of the Avar period of the Tisza-Maros Körös region.