Pretender
Ang pretender (Ingles; pretendiyente kung hihiramin sa Kastila) ay isang mang-aangkin sa isang monarkiyang posisyon (trono) na pinawalang-bisa na o hawak na ng ibang tao. Ang termino ay nanggaling sa salitang "pretend"; na ang kahulugan ay magpakunwari (magpakunwaring monarko sa ganito). Sa Ingles, nanggaling ang "Pretender" sa salitang prétendre na Wikang Pranses , na ang kahulugan ay "to put forward, to profess or claim". Ngunit sa ganitong kahulugan, ang mga itinuturing Monarkong Pretender ay may legal na basehan (halimbawa: bilang kamag-anak ng monarko) para umangkin ng trono, habang ang taong Pretender ay umaangkin din sa trono ng walang basehan.
Mga Kasalukuyang Pretender
[baguhin | baguhin ang wikitext]Europa
[baguhin | baguhin ang wikitext]| Bansa |
Pretender |
Ipinanganak |
Pretender simula |
Relasyon sa dating monarkiya |
Sambahayan |
Tagapag-mana |
Ipinanganak | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Albania | Crown Prince Leka | 1939 | 1961 | anak ni Zog I (pinoroklama ang sarili bilang hari 1928-1939, sariling ipinatapon mula 1961) | Zogu | Prince Leka | 1982 |
|
Austria-Hungary | Crown Prince Otto[1] | 1912 | 1922 | anak ni Charles I (Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary etc. from 1916 to 1918) | Habsburg-Lorraine | Arsoduke Karl | 1961 |
|
Bulgaria | Simeon II[2] | 1937 | 1946 | Tsar from 1943 to 1946 | Wettin (Saxe-Coburg and Gotha line) |
Kardam, Prince of Turnovo | 1962 |
|
Courland | Prince Ernst-Johann Biron of Courland | 1940 | 1982 | descendant of Ernst Johann von Biron (Duke from 1737 to 1740 and 1763 to 1769) | Biron | Prince Michael | 1944 |
|
Croatia (Habsburg) |
Crown Prince Otto[1] | 1912 | 1922 | anak ni Charles I (King from 1916 to 1918) | Habsburg-Lorraine | Archduke Karl | 1961 |
|
Croatia (Savoy) |
Crown Prince Amedeo, Duke of Savoy | 1943 | 1948 | anak ni Tomislav II (King from 1941 to 1943, formally renounced all rights in 1943) | Savoy | Prince Aimone, Duke of Aosta | 1967 |
|
England (Jacobite) |
Franz, Duke of Bavaria | 1933 | 1996 | eleventh-generation descendant of Charles I (King from 1625 to 1649) | Wittelsbach | Max, Duke in Bavaria | 1937 |
|
Finland | Moritz, Landgrave of Hesse | 1926 | 1989 | Apo ni Kaarle I, elected King from 1918 to 1918 (with an irredentistic claim to Estonia) | Hesse-Kassel | Donatus | 1966 |
|
France (Jacobite) |
Franz, Duke of Bavaria | 1933 | 1996 | eleventh-generation descendant of Charles I (King from 1625 to 1649) | Wittelsbach | Max, Duke in Bavaria | 1937 |
|
France (Legitimist) |
Louis Alphonse, Duke of Anjou | 1974 | 1989 | tenth-generation descendant of Louis XIV (King from 1643 to 1715) | Bourbon | Juan Carlos I of Spain | 1938 |
|
France (Orléanist and Unionist) |
Henri, Count of Paris, Duke of France | 1933 | 1999 | great-great-great-grandson of Louis-Philippe of France (King from 1830 to 1848) | Orléans (sub-line of the House of Bourbon) |
François, Count of Clermont | 1961 |
| France (Bonapartist) |
Charles Napoléon[3] | 1950 | 1997 | great-great-grandnephew of Napoléon I (self-proclaimed Emperor of the French from 1804 to 1814 and in 1815) | Bonaparte | Jean-Christophe Napoléon | 1986 | |
|
Greece (Glücksburg) |
Constantine II | 1940 | 1973 | Hari mula 1964 hanggang 1973 | Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (sub-line of the House of Oldenburg) |
Crown Prince Pavlos | 1967 |
| Greece (Wittelsbach) |
Prince Leopold | 1943 | 1999 | Great-great-nephew of Othon I, King 1832-1862 | Wittelsbach | Manuel | 1972 | |
|
Gwynedd | Ieuan ab Ieuan | 1943 | 1968 | patrilinear descendent of Owain Gwynedd (King from 1137-1170) | Aberffraw | Dafydd Ieuan ab Ieuan | 1977 |
|
Ireland (Jacobite) |
Franz, Duke of Bavaria | 1933 | 1996 | eleventh-generation descendant of Charles I (King from 1625 to 1649) | Wittelsbach | Max, Duke in Bavaria | 1937 |
|
Ireland (Gaelic) |
Deasmumhain Ó Conchubhair Donn, Prince of Connácht | 1938 | 2000 | patrilinear descendants of Ruaidrí mac Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair, last High King of Ireland, d.1198. | Ó Conchubhair | Pilip Aodh Ó Conchubhair (Philip Hugh) | 1967 |
|
Lithuania | Wilhelm Albert, Duke of Urach | 1957 | 1991 | apo ni Mindaugas II, nominal and elected King from 1918 to 1918 (with an irredentistic claim to Latvia) | Urach (a morganatic subline of the House of Württemberg) |
Prince Karl Philipp | 1992 |
|
Mann | Simon Egerton Scrope | 1934 | descendant of William le Scrope (King from 1392 to 1399) | Scrope | Harry Scrope | 1974 | |
|
Montenegro | Crown Prince Nikola | 1944 | 1986 | great-grandson of Nikola I (King from 1910 to 1918) | Petrović-Njegoš | Hereditary Prince Boris | 1980 |
|
Portugal | Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza | 1945 | 1976 | great-grandson of Miguel I (King from 1828 to 1834) | Braganza (male-line descent from the House of Capet) |
Infante Afonso, Prince of Beira | 1996 |
|
Romania | Michael I | 1921 | 1947 | King from 1927 to 1930 and from 1940 to 1947 | Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen | Frederick William, Prince of Hohenzollern (via last royal constitution) |
1924 |
| Princess Margarita (via post-abolition family law) |
1949 | |||||||
| Paul-Philippe Hohenzollern | 1948 | 2006 | grandson of Carol II (King from 1930 to 1940) | descended of an annulled Hohenzollern marriage |
Carol Ferdinand | 2010 | ||
|
Russia | Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna | 1953 | 1992 | descendant of Alexander II (Tsar from 1855 to 1881) | Romanov (a sub-line of the House of Holstein-Gottorp, a sub-line of the House of Oldenburg) |
Grand Duke George Mikhailovich | 1981 |
| Nicholas Romanov, Prince of Russia | 1922 | 1992 | descendant of Nicholas I (Tsar from 1825 to 1855) | Prince Dmitri Romanovich | 1926 | |||
|
Scotland (Jacobite) |
Franz, Duke of Bavaria | 1933 | 1996 | eleventh-generation descendant of Charles I (King from 1625 to 1649) | Wittelsbach | Max, Duke in Bavaria | 1937 |
|
Serbia (Obrenović) |
Crown Prince Nikola | 1944 | 1986 | grandson of Prince Mirko of Montenegro, relative and designated heir of Alexander I of Serbia | Petrović-Njegoš | Hereditary Prince Boris | 1980 |
| Serbia (Karađorđević) |
Crown Prince Alexander | 1945 | 1970 | anak ni King Peter II, King from 1934 to 1945. | Karađorđević | Hereditary Prince Peter | 1980 | |
|
Spain (Carlist) |
Carlos Hugo, Count of Montemolin | 1930 | 1977 | sons of Xavier, Duke of Parma, declared regent by Alfonso Carlos of Bourbon, Duke of San Jaime | Bourbon | Carlos, Duke of Madrid | 1970 |
| Sixtus, Duke of Aranjuez | 1940 | 1979 | ||||||
|
Yugoslavia[4] | Crown Prince Alexander | 1945 | 1970 | anak ni Peter II (King from 1934 to 1945) | Karađorđević | Hereditary Prince Peter | 1980 |
Mga Pretender na Supling ng mga Monarko
[baguhin | baguhin ang wikitext]May mga indibidwal din na umaangkin na sila ay nagmula sa mga monarkong lahi.
- Eugenio Lascorz, inangkin na mula raw siya sa Lascaris ng Constantinople
- Alexis Brimeyer, inangkin na mula raw siya sa maraming royal house
- Pierre Plantard, inangkin na mula raw siya sa Merovingian haring si Dagobert II
- Michel Roger Lafosse, inangkin na mula raw siya kay Charles Edward Stuart
- Hiromichi Kumazawa (tinaguriang "The Kumazawa Tenno"), inangkin na mula raw siya sa Tenno Nancho (the Southern Court) ng Hapon
- Obren Christic, inangkin na anak siya ni Milan I of Serbia.
- Maria Pia de Saxe-Coburgo-Bragança, claimed adulterine (illegitimate) anak na babae ni Charles I of Portugal.
- Rosario Poidimani, itinalagang tagapagmana ni Maria Pia de Saxe-Coburgo-Bragança (above indicated).
Sanggunian
[baguhin | baguhin ang wikitext]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Otto von Habsburg "renounced" his claim in order to pass freely into Austria. However, he continues to act (and is supported) as Pinuno ng Samabahayan ng Habsburg.
- ↑ Simeon was democratically elected as Prime Minister of Bulgaria in June 2001 under the name Simeon Sakskoburggotski, and served from July 2001 to August 2005.
- ↑ His son Prince Jean-Christophe was appointed heir in the will of his grandfather Prince Louis Napoléon
- ↑ After the breakup of Yugoslavia the present-day states are Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia.