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- Topan Mireille atau di Filipina disebut Topan Rosing merupakan topan paling merugikan yang tercatat selama 28 tahun, bahkan kekacauan yang ditimbulkan Topan Hagibis pada 2019 juga belum mampu melampauinya. Topan ini menyerang Jepang pada bulan September 1991 dan menjadi topan ke-20 dari musim topan sepanjang tahun tersebut. Topan Mireille mulai terbentuk pada 13 September dari palung monsun dekat Kepulauan Marshall, ia kemudian bergerak ke arah barat selama beberapa hari sebagai badai kecil, lalu mulai bergerak ke utara mengikuti punggungan subtropis. Badai dengan cepat mencapai status topan pada 16 September, dan beberapa hari kemudian melintas di utara Saipan di Kepulauan Mariana Utara. Mireille semakin intensif, pada tanggal 22 September Pusat Peringatan Topan Bersama / The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) memperkirakan angin berkelanjutan maksimum 1 menit mencapai 240 km / jam (150 mph), dan pada hari berikutnya, Badan Meteorologi Jepang / Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) memperingatkan angin berkelanjutan 10 menit mencapai 185 km / jam (115 mph). Topan sedikit melemah saat berbelok ke utara, melewati timur Miyakojima dan kemudian ke barat Okinawa. Mireille mendarat di dekat Nagasaki di barat daya Jepang pada tanggal 27 September dengan kecepatan angin 175 km / jam (110 mph), yang terkuat sejak pada tahun 1961. Badai melanjutkan perjalanan ke arah timur laut melalui Laut Jepang, bergerak di atas Hokkaido sebelum menjadi ekstratropis pada 28 September, sisa-sisa Mireille terus menuju ke timur melewati Kepulauan Aleut, Alaska pada 1 Oktober. Topan Mireille pertama kali menghantam Guam, meski melewati bagian utara pulau dengan lancar namun angin tetap membawa kerusakan di wilayah utara Saipan. Di negara Jepang, topan pertama kali menghantam Miyako-jima hingga mengakibatkan kerusakan pada lahan pertanuan karena kencangnya angin dan hujan lebat. Di Okinawa, topan membawa gelombang besar, kecepatan angin mencapai 189 km/jam (118 mph) dan menghantam jaringan listrik dan pepohonan, Mireille telah menyebabkan kerusakan pada 41 dari 47 prefektur di Jepang, dengan total kerugian diperkirakan mencapai 10 miliar USD. Topan Mireille juga jamak disebut Topan Apel karena kerusakan parah yang ditimbulkannya pada perkebunan apel di utara Jepang, dan sempat masuk dalam daftar ke-sebelas topan siklon paling merugikan kegiatan jasa asuransi sejak 1970-2015. Topan Mireille juga dikenal sebagai bencana topan paling merugikan selama 45 tahun terakhir. (in)
- Typhoon Mireille, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Rosing, was the costliest typhoon on record, until it was surpassed by Typhoon Hagibis in 2019 (when not adjusted for inflation). Striking Japan in September 1991, it became the 20th named storm of the 1991 Pacific typhoon season, Mireille formed on September 13 from the monsoon trough near the Marshall Islands. It moved westward for several days as a small system, steered by the subtropical ridge to the north. The storm rapidly intensified to typhoon status on September 16, and several days later passed north of Saipan in the Northern Marianas Islands. Mireille intensified further after deleterious effects from a nearby tropical storm subsided. On September 22, the American-based Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) estimated maximum 1-minute sustained winds of 240 km/h (150 mph), and on the next day, the official Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) estimated 10‑minute sustained winds of 185 km/h (115 mph). The typhoon weakened slightly while turning northward, passing just east of Miyako-jima and later to the west of Okinawa. On September 27, Mireille made landfall near Nagasaki in southwestern Japan with winds of 175 km/h (110 mph), the strongest since Typhoon Nancy in 1961. The storm accelerated to the northeast through the Sea of Japan, moving over Hokkaido before becoming extratropical on September 28. The remnants of Mireille continued to the east, passing through the Aleutian Islands of Alaska on October 1. The typhoon first threatened Guam, although it passed well to the north of the island, bringing damaging winds to northern Saipan. The first part of Japan affected was Miyako-jima, where heavy rainfall and high winds damaged crops. Mireille lashed Okinawa with strong waves, while strong winds up to 189 km/h (118 mph) damaged power lines and trees. The typhoon ultimately caused damage in 41 of 47 prefectures of Japan, with overall damage estimated at $10 billion (USD), making it the costliest typhoon on record as of 2017. Mireille produced record wind gusts at 26 locations, with a peak gust of 218 km/h (136 mph) in western Honshu. The winds caused record power outages across Japan that affected 7.36 million people, or about 13% of total customers. Mireille also left extensive crop damage totaling $3 billion, mostly to the apple industry, after 345,000 tons of apples fell to the ground and another 43,000 were damaged on the trees. The storm damaged over 670,000 houses, of which 1,058 were destroyed, and another 22,965 were flooded. Throughout Japan, Mireille killed 66 people and injured another 2,862 people, including ten deaths on a capsized freighter. Elsewhere, the typhoon killed two people in South Korea, and its remnants brought strong winds to Alaska. (en)
- 태풍 미어리얼 (Typhoon Mireille) 은 1991년에 북서태평양에서 발생한 제19호 태풍이다. 이 태풍은 일본에 엄청난 피해를 입혔다. 일본에서는 62명이 사망했다. 대한민국에서도 이 태풍으로 2명이 사망했다. (ko)
- 平成3年台風第19号（へいせい3ねんたいふうだい19ごう、国際名：ミレーレ/Mireille）は、1991年（平成3年）9月に発生し、日本列島に甚大な被害をもたらした台風である。主に東北地方では「りんご台風」の別名で呼ばれている。 (ja)
- 颱風密瑞兒 (英語：Typhoon Mirelle, 國際編號：9119，聯合颱風警報中心：20W，菲律宾大气地球物理和天文管理局：Rosing) 為1991年太平洋颱風季的熱帶氣旋之一。 (zh)
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- 태풍 미어리얼 (Typhoon Mireille) 은 1991년에 북서태평양에서 발생한 제19호 태풍이다. 이 태풍은 일본에 엄청난 피해를 입혔다. 일본에서는 62명이 사망했다. 대한민국에서도 이 태풍으로 2명이 사망했다. (ko)
- 平成3年台風第19号（へいせい3ねんたいふうだい19ごう、国際名：ミレーレ/Mireille）は、1991年（平成3年）9月に発生し、日本列島に甚大な被害をもたらした台風である。主に東北地方では「りんご台風」の別名で呼ばれている。 (ja)
- 颱風密瑞兒 (英語：Typhoon Mirelle, 國際編號：9119，聯合颱風警報中心：20W，菲律宾大气地球物理和天文管理局：Rosing) 為1991年太平洋颱風季的熱帶氣旋之一。 (zh)
- Topan Mireille atau di Filipina disebut Topan Rosing merupakan topan paling merugikan yang tercatat selama 28 tahun, bahkan kekacauan yang ditimbulkan Topan Hagibis pada 2019 juga belum mampu melampauinya. Topan ini menyerang Jepang pada bulan September 1991 dan menjadi topan ke-20 dari musim topan sepanjang tahun tersebut. (in)
- Typhoon Mireille, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Rosing, was the costliest typhoon on record, until it was surpassed by Typhoon Hagibis in 2019 (when not adjusted for inflation). Striking Japan in September 1991, it became the 20th named storm of the 1991 Pacific typhoon season, Mireille formed on September 13 from the monsoon trough near the Marshall Islands. It moved westward for several days as a small system, steered by the subtropical ridge to the north. The storm rapidly intensified to typhoon status on September 16, and several days later passed north of Saipan in the Northern Marianas Islands. Mireille intensified further after deleterious effects from a nearby tropical storm subsided. On September 22, the American-based Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) estimated maximum 1- (en)
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