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- La materia orgánica particulada (MOP), materia macroorgánica, materia orgánica fracción gruesa o POM -por sus siglas en inglés (Particulate Organic Matter)- se define como la materia orgánica del suelo de entre 0,053 mm y 2 mm de tamaño. Separadas por tamizado, estas fracciones incluyen detritos del suelo parcialmente descompuestos y material de plantas, polen y otros materiales. El tamizado constante es importante para determinar el contenido de la MOP porque la separación por tamaño de las fracciones dependerá de la fuerza de agitación. La MOP es fácilmente descomponible y sirve para muchas funciones del suelo. Es una fuente de alimento o de energía para los organismos del suelo y de nutrientes para las plantas. La MOP también mejora la estructura del suelo, llevando a un aumento de la infiltración del agua, la aireación y la resistencia a la erosión. Las prácticas de gestión del suelo, tales como la labranza y la aplicación de compost o estiércol, alteran el contenido de MOP del suelo y el agua. (es)
- Particulate organic matter (POM) is a fraction of total organic matter operationally defined as that which does not pass through a filter pore size that typically ranges in size from 0.053 to 2 millimeters. Particulate organic carbon (POC) is a closely related term often used interchangeably with POM. POC refers specifically to the mass of carbon in the particulate organic material, while POM refers to the total mass of the particulate organic matter. In addition to carbon, POM includes the mass of the other elements in the organic matter, such as nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen. In this sense POC is a component of POM and there is typically about twice as much POM as POC. Many statements that can be made about POM apply equally to POC, and much of what is said in this article about POM could equally have been said of POC. Particulate organic matter is sometimes called suspended organic matter, macroorganic matter, or coarse fraction organic matter. When land samples are isolated by sieving or filtration, this fraction includes partially decomposed detritus and plant material, pollen, and other materials. When sieving to determine POM content, consistency is crucial because isolated size fractions will depend on the force of agitation. POM is readily decomposable, serving many soil functions and providing terrestrial material to water bodies. It is a source of food for both soil organisms and aquatic organisms and provides nutrients for plants. In water bodies, POM can contribute substantially to turbidity, limiting photic depth which can suppress primary productivity. POM also enhances soil structure leading to increased water infiltration, aeration and resistance to erosion Soil management practices, such as tillage and compost/manure application, alter the POM content of soil and water. (en)
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