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- The adductor muscles are the main muscular system in bivalve mollusks (e.g. in clams, scallops, mussels, oysters, etc.). In many parts of the world, when people eat scallops, the adductor muscles are the only part of the animal which is eaten. Adductor muscles leave noticeable scars or marks on the interior of the shell's valves. Those marks (known as adductor muscle scars) are often used by scientists who are in the process of identifying empty shells to determine their correct taxonomic placement. Bivalve mollusks generally have either one or two adductor muscles. The muscles are strong enough to close the valves of the shell when they contract, and they are what enable the animal to close its valves tightly when necessary, such as when the bivalve is exposed to the air by low water levels, or when it is attacked by a predator. Most bivalve species have two adductor muscles, which are located on the anterior and posterior sides of the body. Some families of bivalves have only one adductor muscle, or rarely even three adductor muscles. When the adductor muscles relax, the valves of the shell are automatically pulled open to some extent by a ligament, which joins the valves together and which is usually located on the hinge line between the umbos of the shell. The resiliency of the ligament is what causes the valves of the bivalve mollusk to open when the adductor muscles relax. Scallops and file clams can swim by opening and closing their valves rapidly by alternatingly contracting and relaxing their adductor muscles; water is ejected on either side of the hinge area and they move with the flapping valves in front. (en)
- 閉殻筋（へいかくきん）とは、軟体動物門二枚貝綱や、これに似て2枚の可動性の殻で体を保護する体制を持つ動物が殻を閉じるのに使う筋肉。二枚貝のほか、腕足動物門や節足動物門甲殻綱にもこの名で呼ばれる筋肉がある。 二枚貝の閉殻筋は貝柱と通称され、食材として重要である。 (ja)
- 閉殼肌（adductor muscles），亦作閉殼筋，是軟體動物門雙殼綱物種上兩條用來把兩側外殼閉合的肌肉。除了雙殼綱物種，還有腕足動物門及節肢動物門甲殼綱也有這種肌肉。 在雙殼綱，不少物種的閉殼肌不單可吃，有些還是重要的食材，例如：的閉殼肌就是江珧柱。 閉殼肌是雙殼綱物種的形態學分類的一個分類條件：不同物種可能會有不同形狀或數量的閉殼肌。 (zh)
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- 閉殻筋（へいかくきん）とは、軟体動物門二枚貝綱や、これに似て2枚の可動性の殻で体を保護する体制を持つ動物が殻を閉じるのに使う筋肉。二枚貝のほか、腕足動物門や節足動物門甲殻綱にもこの名で呼ばれる筋肉がある。 二枚貝の閉殻筋は貝柱と通称され、食材として重要である。 (ja)
- 閉殼肌（adductor muscles），亦作閉殼筋，是軟體動物門雙殼綱物種上兩條用來把兩側外殼閉合的肌肉。除了雙殼綱物種，還有腕足動物門及節肢動物門甲殼綱也有這種肌肉。 在雙殼綱，不少物種的閉殼肌不單可吃，有些還是重要的食材，例如：的閉殼肌就是江珧柱。 閉殼肌是雙殼綱物種的形態學分類的一個分類條件：不同物種可能會有不同形狀或數量的閉殼肌。 (zh)
- The adductor muscles are the main muscular system in bivalve mollusks (e.g. in clams, scallops, mussels, oysters, etc.). In many parts of the world, when people eat scallops, the adductor muscles are the only part of the animal which is eaten. Adductor muscles leave noticeable scars or marks on the interior of the shell's valves. Those marks (known as adductor muscle scars) are often used by scientists who are in the process of identifying empty shells to determine their correct taxonomic placement. (en)
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- Adductor muscles (bivalve) (en)
- 閉殻筋 (ja)
- 閉殼肌 (zh)
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