- ~ Data on poverty and poverty gap and were derived from the United Nations Millennium Indicators Database (http://millenthumindicators.un.org/unsd/mi/mi goals.asp, accessed on April 13th, 2005), and the share of the poorest quintile from World Banks World Development Indicators reports (World Bank, 2005b1997) . Data for undernourishment derive from the Food and Agriculture Organizations (FAO) State of Food Insecurity report (FAO, 2004). Child malnutrition is assessed from national government surveys compiled in the World Health Organizations Global Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition (http://www.who.int/nutgrowthdb/). Data were cross-checked, and in some cases complemented by the UNSCN reports on the World Nutrition Situation (IJNSCN, 2004, 2000), and by latest UNICEF State of Children in the World report (UNICEF, 2004) and WHO World Health Report (WHO, 2004). Data on HDI are from World Development Reports (UNDP, 2004, 2003).
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- ~ Kofi Annan., speech to heads of states and senior members of the international community at a presidentiallevel seminar on hunger, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, July 5, 2004.
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- ~ Some of the key-persons involved in writing the first edition of the HDR in 1990 included Mahbub ul Haq, Gustav Ranis, Amartya Sen, Frances Stewart, Kate Griffin, Meghnad Desai, Aziz Khan and Paul Streeten. 6 The education component of the HDI is itself a composite index that combines a countrys adult literacy rate (with a two-thirds weight in the calculation), with the combined primary-secondary-tertiary gross enrollment ratio (one-third weight).
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Alderman, H. and L. Cristiaensen. 2001. Child Malnutrition in Ethiopia: Can Maternal Knowledge Augment The Role of Income? World Bank. Africa Region Working Paper Series No.22. Washington D.C., USA.
Anand, S. and A. Sen. 2000. The Income Component of the Human Development Index. Journal of Human Development 1(1) (p.83-106).
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Bourguignon, F. 2003. The Growth Elasticity of Poverty Reduction: Explaining Heterogeneity Across Countries and Time Periods. In T. Eicher and S. Turnovsky (eds.) Inequality and growth. Theory and Policy Implications. The MIT Press, Cambridge.
Chakravarty, S.R. 2003. A Generalized Human Development Index. Review of Development Economics 7 (1) (p.99-114).
Chen, S. and M. Ravallion. 2004. How Have the Worlds Poorest Fared Since the Early 1980s? World Bank. Policy Research Working Paper No.3341. Washington D.C., USA.
- Chhabra R. and C. Rokx. 2004. The Nutrition MDG Indicator - Interpreting Progress. World Bank. Washington D.C., USA.
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De Ferranti, D., Perry, G., Ferreira, F. and M. Walton. 2003. Inequality in Latin America: Breaking with History? World Bank. Washington D.C., USA.
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Desai, M. 1991. Human Development, Concepts and Measurement. European Economic Review 35 (p.350-357).
- Dfid (Department for International Development). 2002. Eliminating Hun ger: Strategy for Achieving the Millennium Development Goal on Hunger. Government of the United Kingdom, London.
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Dollar, D. and A. Kraay. 2001. Growth is Good for the Poor. World Bank. Washington D.C., USA.
- Easterly, W. 2001. The Elusive Quest for Growth. Economists Adventures and Misadventures in the Tropics. The MIT Press. Cambridge, USA.
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- Education for All Global Monitoring Report 2005: The Quality Imperative. Paris, France.
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- End Notes `The Economist (2005, p.67-68) 2 These numbers do not include Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries, in which 28 million people are estimated to be undernourished. It is also important to remark that sometimes gains are not constant over time and that setbacks have been reported. For example, while during the 90s the number of undernourished people fall by 9 million, in the first half of the decade the numbers fell by 27 million. However, during the second half the numbers increased by 4 million a year, wiping out two thirds of the gains achieved in the first half of the decade.
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Haddad, L., Webb, P., and A. Slack. 1997. Trouble Down on the Farm: What Role for Agriculture in Meeting Food Needs in the Next Twenty Years? American Journal of Agricultural Economics S (p.1476-1480).
- Hicks, D.A. 1997. The Inequality-Adjusted Human Development Index: A Constructive Proposal. World Development 25 (8) (p.1283-1298).
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- Jahan, 5. 2002. Measuring Human Development: Evolution of the Human Development Index. United Nations Development Programme. New York, USA.
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- Milanovic, D. 2003. Why We All Do Care About Inequality (but hate to admit it). World Bank. Washington D.C., USA.
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- Noorbakhsh, F. 1998. A Modified Human Development Index. World Development 26(3) (pp. 5 17-528).
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Ravallion, M. 2003. Pro-Poor Growth: A Primer. World Bank. Policy Research Working Paper No.3242. Washington D.C., USA.
- The Economist. 2005. Recasting the Case forAid (January 22nd 28th p.67-68).
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- TINDP (United Nations Development Programme). 2004. Human Development Report 2004 - Cultural Liberty in Todays Diverse World. New York, USA.
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- UNDP and UNICEF. 2002. The Millennium Development Goals in Africa: Promises & Progress. Report prepared for the G-8 Personal Representatives for Africa. New York, USA UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization). 2004.
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- United Nations. 2005 a. Investing In Development. A Practical Plan to Achieve the Millennium Development Goals. TIN Millennium Project. New York, USA.
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- UNSCN (United Nations Standing Committee on Nutrition). 2004. Fifth Report on the World Nutrition Situation: Nutrition for Improved Development Outcomes. Geneva, Switzerland.
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- Webb P. and B. Rogers. 2003. Addressing the `In in Food Insecurity. USAID. Occasional Paper No.1. Washington D.C., USA.
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- World Bank. 2005a. Global Monitoring Report - Millennium Development Goals: From Consensus to Momentum. Washington D.C., USA.
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