- ————. 1981. “Incumbents’ Advantages in the 1978 U.S. Congressional Elections,†Legislative Studies Quarterly, 6(2), 183-200.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
————. 1985. “Money and Votes Reconsidered: Congressional Elections, 1972-1982,†Public Choice, 47(1): 7–62.
- ————. 1990. “Rebuttal to Jacobson’s ‘New Evidence for Old Arguments’,†American Journal of Political Science, 34(2): 363–372.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- ————. 1990. “The Effects of Campaign Spending in House Elections: New Evidence for Old Arguments,†American Journal of Political Science, 34(2): 334–362.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- ————. 1991. “Incumbency, Campaign Spending, and the Decline of Competition in U.S. House Elections,†Journal of Politics, 53(1): 34-56.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- ————. 2003. “Campaign Financing and the Stagnation of Congressional Elections.†In Life After Reform: Foreseeing the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act in Practice, eds.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- ————. 2004. The Politics of Congressional Elections, 6th ed. New York: Pearson Longman.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- ————. 2009. Strategy and Dynamics in Contests, New York: Oxford University Press.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- ————. 2012. “Incumbency Advantage and the Cost of Ruling in Ireland’s Lower House of Parliament: A Regression Discontinuity Analysis,†National University of Ireland Maynooth, mimeo.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Abrajano, Marisa A. and Rebecca B Morton. 2004. “All Style and No Substance? The Strategic Calculus of CampaignAdvertising,†NYU Manuscript.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Anderson, Simon P. and Gerhard Glomm, 1992. “Incumbency Effects in Political Campaigns, †Public Choice, 74: 207-219.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Ansolabehere, Stephen, Erik Snowberg and James Snyder. 2006. “Television and the Incumbency Advantage in US Elections,†Legislative Studies Quarterly, 31(4): 469-490.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Austen-Smith, David. 1987. “Interest Groups, Campaign Contributions, and Probabilistic Voting,†Public Choice, 54: 123–139.
Baron, David. 1994. “Electoral Competition with Informed and Uninformed Voters, American Political Science Review,†88(1): 33-47.
- Bernhardt, M. Daniel and Daniel E. Ingberman. 1985. “Candidate reputations and Incumbency Effect,†Journal of Public Economics, 27: 47-67.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Campbell, James E. 2002. “Is the House Incumbency Advantage Mostly a Campaign Finance Advantage?†Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the New England Political Science Association, Portland, Maine.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Coate, Stephen. 2004a. “Political Competition with Campaign Contributions and Informative Advertising,†Journal of the European Economic Association, 2(5): 772–804.
- Cox, Gary W. and Jonathan N. Katz. 1996. “Why Did Incumbency Advantage in U.S. House Elections Grow?†American Journal of Political Science, 40(2): 478-497.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Green, Donald and Jonathan Krasno. 1988. “Salvation for the Spendthrift Incumbent: Re-estimating the Effects of Campaign Spending in House Elections,†American Journal of Political Science, 32(4): 884–907.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Hirano, Shigeo and James M. Snyder, Jr. 2009. “Using Multimember District Elections to Estimate the Sources of the Incumbency Advantage,†American Journal of Political Science, 53(2): 292-306.
- Jacobson, Gary. 1978. “The Effects of Campaign Spending in Congressional Elections,†American Political Science Review, 72(2): 469–491.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Jia, Hao. 2008, “A Stochastic Derivation of the Ratio Form of Contest Success Functions, †Public Choice, 135(3-4): 125-130.
- Kahn, Kim F. and Patrick J. Kenney. 1999. The Spectacle of US Senate Campaigns, Princeton University Press, Princeton.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Kazee, Thomas. 1983. “The Deterrent Effect of Incumbency on Recruiting Challengers in U.S. House Elections,†Legislative Studies Quarterly, 8(3): 469-480.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Levitt, Steven D. and Catherine D. Wolfram. 1997. “Decomposing the Sources of Incumbency Advantage in the U.S. House,†Legislative Studies Quarterly, 22(1): 45-60.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Meirowitz, Adam. 2008. “Electoral Contests, Incumbency Advantages, and Campaign Finance,†Journal of Politics, 70(3): 681–699.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Mueller, Denis C. and Thomas Stratmann. 1994. “Informative and Persuasive Campaigning, †Public Choice, 81(1/2): 55–77.
Pastine, Ivan and Tuvana Pastine, 2012, “Incumbency Advantage and Political Campaign Spending Limits,†Journal of Public Economics, 96: 20-32.
Potters, Jan, Randolph Sloof and Frans van Winden. 1997. “Campaign Expenditures, Contributions and Direct Endorsements: The Strategic Use of Information and Money to Influence Voter Behavior,â€European Journal of Political Economy, 13: 1–13.
Prat, Andrea. 2002a. “Campaign Advertising and Voter Welfare,†Review of Economic Studies, 69(4): 999–1017.
- Prior, Markus. 2006.“The Incumbent in the Living Room: The Rise of Television and the Incumbency Advantage in US House Elections,â€Journal of Politics, 68(3): 657-673.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Redmond, Paul. 2013. “Comparing Incumbent-Challenger and Open Seat Elections in a Model of Spatial Electoral Competition,†National University of Ireland Maynooth, mimeo.
Stratmann, Thomas. 2009. “How Prices Matter in Politics: The Returns to Campaign Advertising,†Public Choice, 140(3-4): 357-377.
Uppal, Yogesh. 2010. “Estimating Incumbency Effects in U.S. State Legislatures: A QuasiExperimental Study,†Economics and Politics, 22(2): 180-199