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- Central African Republic 1995 – 1999 -3.2104029 57.06052 44.51993 Pakistan 1985 – 1989 3.7068806 33.60579 35.27655 Chile 1990 – 1994 5.6388512 51.80719 52.00827 Panama 1990 – 1994 -3.0545884 49.69383 51.71814 Croatia 2000 – 2004 4.0404271 29.41292 27.70873 Paraguay 1990 – 1994 1.2123294 . 53.15181 Czechoslovakia a 1990 – 1994 . 19.51539 .
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- FH iPolity2 threshold-crossing criteria country time period GDP growth t−1 Net Gini t−1 Net Gini t+1 country time period GDP growth t−1 Net Gini t−1 Net Gini t+1 Albania a 1990 – 1994 0.59875143 . 28.0223 Mexico 1990 – 1994 -0.81006305 45.75931 48.52621 Argentina 1985 – 1989 -1.588587 40.39324 43.12595 Mongolia 1990 – 1994 2.72407 . 34.36277 Armenia b 2000 – 2004 6.6718224 43.60137 38.22755 Mozambique 1995 – 1999 0.35548142 . 43.16706 Bangladesh 1990 – 1994 .47139566 29.03575 34.07188 Nepal 1990 – 1994 2.4258478 31.35108 42.41514 Bolivia 1980 – 1984 1.3782828 47.28748 48.07338 Nepal 2005 – 2009 1.5942708 45.90997 .
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- Gini < t.p. Gini ≥ t.p. prob(transition) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) downturn t−1 0.0365 0.0958 -0.6220** 0.9001 -2.1001* 2.0485** (0.041) (0.065) (0.261) (0.621) (1.199) (0.848) inequality t−1 0.0048* 0.0047* -0.0006 0.0594* -0.0139 0.1319*** (0.003) (0.003) (0.003) (0.030) (0.045) (0.048) downturn t−1 × inequality t−1 0.0146*** (0.005) N 377 248 248 248 211 146 54 45 125 Transitions 57 49 49 49 44 24 16 10 31 R 2 / pseudo-R 2 0.3283 0.3756 0.3833 0.4021 0.4178 0.3375 0.6460 0.6478 0.4060 FH iPolity2 control X X X X X X X X X Income control X X X X X X X X X Regime type control X X X X X X X X X Period fixed effect X X X X X X X X X Regional fixed effect X X X X X X X X X Notes: Standard errors have been clustered at the country level. The turning point market Gini coefficient is calculated from column (4) as 43.643349 for panel A and as 42.490436 for panel B. Table 5: Binary DV: Democratic transition. Fixed effects investigation.
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- Guinea-Biussau 1995 – 1999 1.439557 48.71349 36.20636 Senegal c 1985 – 1989 -1.1343487 49.10647 49.38421 Guyana 1990 – 1994 -0.43554313 . 42.40846 Senegal 2000 – 2004 1.8849026 42.14108 36.46976 Haiti 1995 – 1999 -9.3986487 53.92298 54.37456 Serbia and Montenegro 2000 – 2004 . 29.22845 .
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Kuran, T. (1989) Sparks and prairie fires: A theory of unanticipated political revolution, Public Choice, 61, 41–74.
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Lin, F. and Sim, N. (2014) Baltic dry index and the democratic window of opportunity, Journal of Comparative Economics, 42, 143–159.
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Meltzer, A. H. and Richard, S. F. (1981) A rational theory of the size of government, Journal of Political Economy, 89, 914–927.
- Nigeria 1980 – 1984 -.80189548 51.04012 47.03493 Cape Verde 1990 – 1994 4.233563 40.11286 50.54889 Nigeria 2000 – 2004 0.12627181 49.59867 .
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- Not identified by Acemoglu et al. (2014) as a democratization.
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- Notes: All data was sourced from the Quality of Government database (Teorell, Charron, Dahlberg, Holberg, Rothstein, Sundin and Svensson, 2013).
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Papaioannou, E. and Siourounis, G. (2008) Democratization and growth, The Economic Journal, 118, 1520–1551.
- Poland a 1990 – 1994 . 26.83595 30.29912 Ghana 1995 – 1999 1.2533877 36.91615 39.40947 Portugal 1975 – 1979 7.9580053 30.23566 30.60797 Greece 1975 – 1979 5.0700934 32.90662 32.34943 Romania a 1990 – 1994 -1.0767396 19.86865 27.58579 Guatemala 1985 – 1989 -2.6635406 46.71217 54.06861 Russia b 1995 – 1999 . 26.27164 .
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Przeworski, A. (2009) Conquered or granted? A history of suffrage extensions, British Journal of Political Science, 39, 291–321.
Roberts, K. W. (1977) Voting over income tax schedules, Journal of Public Economics, 8, 329–340.
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- Sierra Leone 2000 – 2004 -6.2664286 51.7655 43.75809 Honduras 1980 – 1984 4.254432 52.40306 52.13841 South Africa 1990 – 1995 -0.9598904 62.18617 59.73333 Hungary a 1990 – 1994 1.5580404 23.69318 30.25498 Spain 1975 – 1979 5.0518799 30.94354 30.4766 Indonesia 2000 – 2004 0.2761307 33.59033 36.02671 Suriname 1990 – 1994 -1.3545858 . 48.81926 Kenya 2000 – 2004 0.20270938 47.88778 46.10921 Taiwan 1990 – 1994 . 26.92656 28.49401 Korea, South 1985 – 1989 4.6233239 35.25042 30.91105 Tanzania c 2005 – 2009 3.8464447 34.50254 .
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- Solt (2009) http://myweb.uiowa.edu/fsolt/swiid/swiid.html gini market Continuous index variable, 0 – 100, where 0 corresponds to perfect income equality and 100 corresponds to perfect income inequality. A custom missingdata algorithm was used to standardize the United Nations Universitys World Income Inequality Database, with data collected by the Luxembourg Income Study serving as the standard. gini market is a measure of gross income inequality, before taxation and transfers by fiscal authorities. gini net Continuous index variable, 0 – 100, where 0 corresponds to perfect income equality and 100 corresponds to perfect income inequality. gini net is a measure of net income inequality, after taxation and transfers by fiscal authorities.
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Solt, F. (2009) Standardising the world income inequality database, Social Science Quarterly, 90, 231–242. SWIID Version 4.0, September 2013.
- Table 11: Democratic transition, 1972 – 2010.
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Tavares, J. and Wacziarg, R. (2001) How democracy affects growth, European Economic Review, 45, 1341–1378.
- Teorell, J. (2010) Determinants of Democratization: Explaining Regime Change in the World, 1972-2006, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
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- Teorell, J., Charron, N., Dahlberg, S., Holberg, S., Rothstein, B., Sundin, P. and Svensson, R. (2013) The Quality of Government Dataset, version 20Dec13, The Quality of Government Institute, University of Gothenburg.
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- World Bank (2013) http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/world-development-indicators growth Continuous variable. Annual percentage growth rate of GDP per capita based on constant local currency (inflation adjusted). GDP per capita is gross domestic product divided by midyear population. GDP at purchaser’s prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy. downturn Binary variable constructed from growth. downturnt = 0 if growtht ≥ 0 and downturnt = 1 if growtht > 0.
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- World Bank (2013) World Development Indicators, The World Bank Group, Washington DC.
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