Abadie, A. and Imbens, G. W. (2006). Large sample properties of matching estimators for average treatment effects. econometrica, 74(1):235â267.
Abadie, A. and Imbens, G. W. (2016). Matching on the estimated propensity score. Econometrica, 84(2):781â807.
Acharya, V. V. and Steffen, S. (2020). The risk of being a fallen angel and the corporate dash for cash in the midst of COVID. The Review of Corporate Finance Studies, 9(3):430â471.
Acharya, V. V., Engle III, R. F., and Steffen, S. (2021). Why did bank stocks crash during COVID-19? NBER Working Paper.
Aghabarari, L., Guettler, A., Naeem, M., and Van Doornik, B. (2021). Is there help indeed, if there is help in need? The case of credit unions during the global financial crisis. Economic Inquiry, 59(3):1215â1233.
Alipour, J.-V., Falck, O., and Schüller, S. (2020). Germanyâs capacities to work from home. CESifo working paper.
Altunbas, Y., Evans, L., and Molyneux, P. (2001). Bank ownership and efficiency. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, pages 926â954.
- Autor, D., Cho, D., Crane, L. D., Goldar, M., Lutz, B., Montes, J., Peterman, W. B., Ratner, D., Villar, D., and Yildirmaz, A. (2020). An evaluation of the paycheck protection program using administrative payroll microdata. Working Paper.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Barrios, J. M. and Hochberg, Y. V. (2021). Risk perceptions and politics: Evidence from the COVID19 pandemic. Journal of Financial Economics.
Beck, T. and Keil, J. (2021). Are banks catching corona? Effects of COVID on lending in the US. CEPR Discussion Paper.
Behr, P., Foos, D., and Norden, L. (2017). Cyclicality of SME lending and government involvement in banks. Journal of Banking & Finance, 77:64â77.
Behr, P., Norden, L., and Noth, F. (2013). Financial constraints of private firms and bank lending behavior. Journal of Banking & Finance, 37(9):3472â3485.
Berger, A. N. and Demirgüç-Kunt, A. (2021). Banking research in the time of COVID-19. Journal of Financial Stability, forthcoming.
Berger, A. N., Bouwman, C. H., Norden, L., Roman, R. A., Udell, G. F., and Wang, T. (2021b). Piercing through opacity: Relationships and credit card lending to consumers and small businesses during normal times and the COVID-19 crisis. Working Paper.
- Berger, A. N., Freed, P. G., Scott, J. A., and Zhang, S. (2021c). The paycheck protection program (PPP) from the small business perspective: Did the PPP help alleviate financial and economic constraints? Working Paper.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Berger, A. N., Karakaplan, M. U., and Roman, R. A. (2021d). Whose bailout is it anyway? Political connections of small businesses vs. banks in PPP bailouts. Working Paper.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Bertay, A. C., Demirgüç-Kunt, A., and Huizinga, H. (2015). Bank ownership and credit over the business cycle: Is lending by state banks less procyclical? Journal of Banking & Finance, 50:326â 339.
Bertrand, M., Duflo, E., and Mullainathan, S. (2004). How much should we trust differences-indifferences estimates? The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 119(1):249â275.
Bircan, Ã. and Saka, O. (2021). Lending cycles and real outcomes: Costs of political misalignment.
Boubakri, N., El Ghoul, S., Guedhami, O., and Hossain, M. (2020). Post-privatization state ownership and bank risk-taking: Cross-country evidence. Journal of Corporate Finance, 64:101625.
- Brunner, A., Decressin, J., Hardy, D., and Kudela, B. (2004). Germanyâs three-pillar banking system. IMF Occasional Papers.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Carvalho, D. (2014). The real effects of government-owned banks: Evidence from an emerging market. The Journal of Finance, 69(2):577â609.
- Chetty, R., Friedman, J. N., Hendren, N., Stepner, M., and Team, T. O. I. (2020). How did COVID-19 and stabilization policies affect spending and employment? A new real-time economic tracker based on private sector data. NBER Working Paper.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Chodorow-Reich, G., Darmouni, O., Luck, S., and Plosser, M. (2021). Bank liquidity provision across the firm size distribution. Journal of Financial Economics.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Colak, G. and Ãztekin, Ã. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on bank lending around the world. Journal of Banking & Finance, page 106207.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Coleman, N. and Feler, L. (2015). Bank ownership, lending, and local economic performance during the 2008â2009 financial crisis. Journal of Monetary Economics, 71:50â66.
Core, F. and De Marco, F. (2021). Public guarantees for small businesses in Italy during COVID-19. CEPR Discussion Paper.
- Cull, R., Peria, M. S. M., and Verrier, J. (2018). Bank ownership and economic development. In Handbook of finance and development. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Demirgüç-Kunt, A. and Detragiache, E. (2002). Does deposit insurance increase banking system stability? An empirical investigation. Journal of Monetary Economics, 49(7):1373â1406.
Demirguc-Kunt, A., Pedraza, A., and Ruiz-Ortega, C. (2021). Banking sector performance during the COVID-19 crisis. Journal of Banking & Finance, page 106305.
- Dinç, I. S. (2005). Politicians and banks: Political influences on government-owned banks in emerging markets. Journal of Financial Economics, 77(2):453â479.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Duan, Y., El Ghoul, S., Guedhami, O., Li, H., and Li, X. (2021). Bank systemic risk around COVID19: A cross-country analysis. Journal of Banking & Finance, page 106299.
Duchin, R. and Hackney, J. (2021). Buying the vote? The economics of electoral politics and small business loans. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis.
Dursun-de Neef, H. Ã. and Schandlbauer, A. (2021). Covid-19 and lending responses of European banks. Journal of Banking & Finance, page 106236.
Eichengreen, B., Saka, O., and Aksoy, C. G. (2021). The political scar of epidemics. NBER Working Paper.
Englmaier, F. and Stowasser, T. (2017). Electoral cycles in savings bank lending. Journal of the European Economic Association, 15(2):296â354.
Feyen, E., Gispert, T. A., Kliatskova, T., and Mare, D. S. (2020). Taking stock of the financial sector policy response to COVID-19 around the world. World Bank Group, Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice.
Finan, F. and Mazzocco, M. (2021). Electoral incentives and the allocation of public funds. Journal of the European Economic Association, 19(5):2467â2512.
- Gerschenkron, A. (1962). Economic backwardness in historical perspective. The Political Economy Reader: Markets as Institutions, pages 211â228.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Greenwald, D. L., Krainer, J., and Paul, P. (2021). The credit line channel. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Working Paper.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Hakenes, H., Hasan, I., Molyneux, P., and Xie, R. (2015). Small banks and local economic development. Review of Finance, 19(2):653â683.
Hale, T., Angrist, N., Goldszmidt, R., Kira, B., Petherick, A., Phillips, T., Webster, S., CameronBlake, E., Hallas, L., Majumdar, S., et al. (2021). A global panel database of pandemic policies (Oxford COVID-19 government response tracker). Nature Human Behaviour, 5(4):529â538.
Iannotta, G., Nocera, G., and Sironi, A. (2013). The impact of government ownership on bank risk. Journal of Financial Intermediation, 22(2):152â176.
Imbens, G. W. and Wooldridge, J. M. (2009). Recent developments in the econometrics of program evaluation. Journal of Economic Literature, 47(1):5â86.
- Kapan, T. and Minoiu, C. (2021). Liquidity insurance vs. credit provision: Evidence from the COVID-19 crisis. Working Paper.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Karakaplan, M. U. (2021). This time is really different: The multiplier effect of the paycheck protection program (PPP) on small business bank loans. Journal of Banking & Finance, 133:106223.
Khwaja, A. I. and Mian, A. (2005). Do lenders favor politically connected firms? Rent provision in an emerging financial market. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 120(4):1371â1411.
Koetter, M. and Popov, A. (2021). Political cycles in bank lending to the government. The Review of Financial Studies, 34(6):3138â3180.
- Kwan, A., Lin, C., Pursiainen, V., and Tai, M. (2021). Stress testing banksâ digital capabilities: Evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic. Working Paper.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
La Porta, R., Lopez-de Silanes, F., and Shleifer, A. (2002). Government ownership of banks. The Journal of Finance, 57(1):265â301.
Levine, R., Lin, C., Tai, M., and Xie, W. (2021). How did depositors respond to COVID-19? The Review of Financial Studies.
Li, L. and Strahan, P. (2021). Who supplies ppp loans (and does it matter)? Banks, relationships and the covid crisis. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis.
Li, L., Strahan, P. E., and Zhang, S. (2020). Banks as lenders of first resort: Evidence from the COVID-19 crisis. The Review of Corporate Finance Studies, 9(3):472â500.
Norden, L., Mesquita, D., and Wang, W. (2021). COVID-19, policy interventions and credit: The Brazilian experience. Journal of Financial Intermediation, 48:100933.
Sapienza, P. (2004). The effects of government ownership on bank lending. Journal of Financial Economics, 72(2):357â384.
- Stiglitz, J. E. (1993). The role of the state in financial markets. The World Bank Economic Review, 7(suppl_1):19â52. Internet Appendix ((A)) COVID-19 Situation 1st Case 1st Death j a n f e b m a r a p r m a y j u n j u l a u g s e p o c t n o v d e c j a n f e b m a r a p r m a y j u n j u l a u g New Confirmed Cases in 7 days per 100K (left axis) New Deaths in 7 days per 100K (right axis) Share of Population Partially Vaccinated (right axis) Share of Population Fully Vaccinated (right axis) ((B)) Overall Policy Responses (Oxford) j a n f e b m a r a p r m a y j u n j u l a u g s e p o c t n o v d e c j a n f e b m a r a p r m a y j u n j u l a u g Stringency Index Government Response Index Containment Health Index Economic Support Index ((C)) Banking Sector Policy Responses (World Bank) Borrower Assitance Liquidity Support Monetary Policy Prudential f e b m a r a p r m a y j u n j u l a u g s e p o c t n o v d e c j a n f e b m a r a p r m a y j u n j u l a u g
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now