Probing new physics at DUNE operating in a beam-dump mode

Article
Report number	arXiv:2206.06380 ; MI-HET-778 ; FERMILAB-PUB-22-453-T ; NUHEP-TH/22-04
Title	Probing new physics at DUNE operating in a beam-dump mode
Related title	BSM Targets at a Target-less DUNE
Author(s)	Brdar, Vedran (Fermilab ; Northwestern U.) ; Dutta, Bhaskar (Texas A-M) ; Jang, Wooyoung (DAPNIA, Saclay ; Brookhaven ; Texas U., Arlington) ; Kim, Doojin (Texas A-M) ; Shoemaker, Ian M. (Virginia Tech.) ; Tabrizi, Zahra (Northwestern U.) ; Thompson, Adrian (Texas A-M) ; Yu, Jaehoon (DAPNIA, Saclay ; Brookhaven ; Texas U., Arlington ; CERN)
Publication	2023-03-01
Imprint	2022-06-13
Number of pages	7
Note	Based on the published version on PRD
In:	Phys. Rev. D 107 (2023) 055043
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevD.107.055043 (publication)
Subject category	hep-ex ; Particle Physics - Experiment ; astro-ph.CO ; Astrophysics and Astronomy ; hep-ph ; Particle Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract	In this work we demonstrate that a future accelerator-based neutrino experiment such as DUNE can greatly increase its sensitivity to a variety of new physics scenarios by operating in a mode where the proton beam impinges on a beam dump. We consider two new physics scenarios, namely light dark matter (LDM) and axion-like particles (ALPs) and show that by utilizing a dump mode at a DUNE-like experiment, unexplored new regions of parameter space can be probed with an exposure of only 3 months with half of its expected initial beam power. Specifically, target-less configuration of future high intensity neutrino experiments will probe the parameter space for thermal relic DM as well as the QCD axion (DFSZ and KSVZ). The strength of such configuration in the context of new physics searches stems from the fact that the neutrino flux is significantly reduced compared to that of the target, resulting in much smaller backgrounds from neutrino interactions. We have verified this in detail by explicitly computing neutrino fluxes which we make publicly available in order to facilitate further studies with a target-less configuration.
Copyright/License	publication: © 2023-2024 authors (License: CC BY 4.0), sponsored by SCOAP³ preprint: (License: CC BY 4.0)

$The target-less configuration fluxes (solid) obtained in this work and neutrino fluxes for the target (dashed), adopted from Ref.~\cite{DUNE:2020ypp}. Here, the fluxes of $\nu_\mu$ and $\bar\nu_\mu$ in the target mode are the results obtained in the forward horn current mode and the reverse horn current mode, respectively. The red and cyan curves show the fluxes of $\nu_\mu$ and $\bar\nu_\mu$, respectively. Absolute fluxes for target and dump case are shown in the upper panel while their ratio is shown in the lower panel.$ $LDM sensitivity for target-less run of 3 months-0.6 MW beam (1year-1.2 MW beam) shown in solid (dashed) red curve, compared to the DUNE target configurations discussed in the literature, namely the shape analysis (blue dashed curve) of Ref.~\cite{Breitbach:2021gvv} and the PRISM analysis of Refs.~\cite{Breitbach:2021gvv,DeRomeri:2019kic} (cyan dot-dashed curve). The ``target'' symbol in the legend denotes the target mode measurements. The thermal relic density for scalar DM reproducing the observed DM abundance is shown in orange. The existing constraints from various experiments are shown in gray shaded regions. See text for more details.$ $The target-less configuration sensitivity to the ALP-electron and ALP-photon coupling using 3 months-0.6 MW power (1 year-1.2 MW power) shown in red solid (dashed) curves. {\emph{Top panel}:} For $g_{ae}$, Compton scattering, associated production, resonant production, and bremsstrahlung production of ALPs are considered via $\gamma$ and $e^\pm$ scattering in the dump environment. Detection channels include ALP decay to $e^+e^-$ for $m_a$ 2m_e$ as well as external pair conversion and inverse Compton scattering in the detector (see text for details). Also displayed are the DFSZ model preferred regions, where DFSZ-I and DFSZ-II are sub-models differentiated by the relationship between the axion-lepton and axion-quark couplings. {\emph{Bottom panel}:} For $g_{ae}$, the production occurs via Primakoff scattering process. The detection channels involve the inverse-Primakoff scattering process and two photon final states from the decay. KSVZ model preferred regions are shown as well. The blue dashed curve is the 1 year target result using the gas detector in Ref.~\cite{Brdar:2020dpr}. The ``target'' symbol in the legend denotes this target mode measurement." width="200px"/> Show more plots

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Element opprettet 2022-07-04, sist endret 2024-09-18

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