Kani waa maqaal ku saabsan koox ka mid ah noolaha.

Brotista (Af Ingiriis : Protist; Af Carabi : ar‎; loogu dhawaaqo: /oʊtɨst/) (magaca Saynis paraphyletic) waa koox balaadhan oo noole ka tirsan silsilada boqortooyooyinka nolosha. Brotista waa noole yar (ili-maqabatay ah) leh hal unug, kaasi oon lahayn waslad (ama xubno is-heystaa ama iskuxidhan). Wakhtiyadii hore waxaa kooxdan lagu dari jiray dhinaca boqortooyada Brotistai, laakiin xadaarada iyo Sayniska cusub ee maanta waxaa loo aqoonsaday in Brotista ka tirsan tahay lafdhabar la'leyda (noolaha aan lahay lafdhabarka).^[2]^[3]^[4] Eray u dhigma Protoctista ayaa loo adeegsadaa noolahaan hay'ado iyo machadyo kala duwan.^[5]^[6]^[7]

Qeybaha Boqortooyooyinka

Brotista
Kala soocida cilmiga ah
Xukun:	Eukarya;
	Kooxo ka madax banaan Fungi; Dhir; Xayawaan; Supergroups and typical phyla Archaeplastida Red alga; Glaucophyta; ; SAR supergroup Stramenopiles; Alveolata Apicomplexa; Ciliophora; Dinoflagellata; ; Rhizaria Cercozoa; Foraminifera; Radiolaria; ; ; Excavate Euglenozoa; Percolozoa; Metamonad; ; Amoebozoa; Opisthokonta Choanozoa; ; Kuwo kale;; kala saarka waa lagu kala duwan yahay

In kastoo kala qeybinta kooxaha boqortooyada ee biyoloji lagu kala duwan yahay, wadanka Maraykanka iyo Kanada waxay qeybahaasi ka dhigaan ilaa lix kooxood (Xayawaan, Dhir, Fungi, Brotista, Arjaeya, Bakteriya); halka wadanada ay ka mid yihiin Ingiriiska, Hindiya, Australia, Latin Amerika, meelo badan oo Afrika ah iyo wadano kale waxay aqoonsadeen kaliya shan koox oo ka tirsan boqortooyada, kuwaasi oo kala ah: Xayawaanka, Dhirta, Fungiga, Brotistaha iyo Bakteriyada.^[8]

Noole

	Boqortooyo Dhir

	Boqortooyo Xayawaan

	Boqortooyo Brotist

	Boqortooyo Bakteriya

	Boqortooyo Fungi

Qoraalo Kale

Tixraac

↑ Adl Sina M.; et al. "Nuqul Archive" (PDF). Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 59 (5): 429–514. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x. Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original (PDF) 2013-12-16. Soo qaatay 2015-12-27. Barameter aan la aqoon |ciwaan= ignored (caawin)
↑ Gooday, A. J. Advances in marine biology. 46: 1–90. PMID 14601411. doi:10.1016/s0065-2881(03)46002-1. Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
↑ Kirk, N. L.; Ritson-Williams, R.; Coffroth, M. A.; Miller, M. W.; Fogarty, N. D.; Santos, S. R. PLoS ONE. 8 (11): e80618. PMC 3833926 . PMID 24260438. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0080618 //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3833926. Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
↑ Zhao, Y.; Gentekaki, E.; Yi, Z.; Lin, X. PLoS ONE. 8 (10): e77044. PMC 3812207 . PMID 24204730. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0077044 //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3812207. Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
↑ Miloslavich, P.; Díaz, J. M.; Klein, E.; Alvarado, J. J.; Díaz, C.; Gobin, J.; Escobar-Briones, E.; Cruz-Motta, J. J.; Weil, E.; Cortés, J.; Bastidas, A. C.; Robertson, R.; Zapata, F.; Martín, A.; Castillo, J.; Kazandjian, A.; Ortiz, M. PLoS ONE. 5 (8): e11916. PMC 2914069 . PMID 20689856. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011916 //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2914069. Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
↑ Martínez-Girón, R; Ribas-Barceló, A. Diagnostic Cytopathology. 35 (1): 32–3. PMID 17173305. doi:10.1002/dc.20584 http://www.researchgate.net/publication/6627376_Pitfall_in_sputum_cytology_protoctista_resembling_adenocarcinoma_cells. Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
↑ Osaka, T; Beika, A; Hattori, A; Kohno, Y; Kato, K. H.; Mizutani, T. "Nuqul Archive" (PDF). Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 300 (1): 236–40. PMID 12480549. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(02)02806-1. Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original (PDF) 2016-03-03. Soo qaatay 2015-12-27. Barameter aan la aqoon |ciwaan= ignored (caawin)
↑ Huber M, Knottnerus JA, Green, L., van der Horst H, Jadad AR, Kromhout D, Smid H. BMJ 2011; 343 (d4163) http://savenhshomeopathy.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Huber-Definition-Health-BMJ-21.pdf Archived Oktoobar 19, 2020 // Wayback Machine

Maqaalkan waa la bilaabay. Hadii aad wax ka taqaanid fadlan ka caawi Wikipedia in aad Wax ku dartid. Qoraalkaagu ha noqdo mid faa'iido leh oo dhexdhexaad ah.

[Adl2012-1] Adl Sina M.; et al. "Nuqul Archive" (PDF). Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 59 (5): 429–514. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x. Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original (PDF) 2013-12-16. Soo qaatay 2015-12-27. Barameter aan la aqoon |ciwaan= ignored (caawin)

[2] Gooday, A. J. Advances in marine biology. 46: 1–90. PMID 14601411. doi:10.1016/s0065-2881(03)46002-1. Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)

[3] Kirk, N. L.; Ritson-Williams, R.; Coffroth, M. A.; Miller, M. W.; Fogarty, N. D.; Santos, S. R. PLoS ONE. 8 (11): e80618. PMC 3833926 . PMID 24260438. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0080618 //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3833926. Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)

[4] Zhao, Y.; Gentekaki, E.; Yi, Z.; Lin, X. PLoS ONE. 8 (10): e77044. PMC 3812207 . PMID 24204730. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0077044 //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3812207. Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)

[5] Miloslavich, P.; Díaz, J. M.; Klein, E.; Alvarado, J. J.; Díaz, C.; Gobin, J.; Escobar-Briones, E.; Cruz-Motta, J. J.; Weil, E.; Cortés, J.; Bastidas, A. C.; Robertson, R.; Zapata, F.; Martín, A.; Castillo, J.; Kazandjian, A.; Ortiz, M. PLoS ONE. 5 (8): e11916. PMC 2914069 . PMID 20689856. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011916 //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2914069. Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)

[6] Martínez-Girón, R; Ribas-Barceló, A. Diagnostic Cytopathology. 35 (1): 32–3. PMID 17173305. doi:10.1002/dc.20584 http://www.researchgate.net/publication/6627376_Pitfall_in_sputum_cytology_protoctista_resembling_adenocarcinoma_cells. Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)

[7] Osaka, T; Beika, A; Hattori, A; Kohno, Y; Kato, K. H.; Mizutani, T. "Nuqul Archive" (PDF). Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 300 (1): 236–40. PMID 12480549. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(02)02806-1. Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original (PDF) 2016-03-03. Soo qaatay 2015-12-27. Barameter aan la aqoon |ciwaan= ignored (caawin)

[8] Huber M, Knottnerus JA, Green, L., van der Horst H, Jadad AR, Kromhout D, Smid H. BMJ 2011; 343 (d4163) http://savenhshomeopathy.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Huber-Definition-Health-BMJ-21.pdf Archived Oktoobar 19, 2020 // Wayback Machine

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Brotista

Kala soocida cilmiga ah
Xukun:	Eukarya

Kooxo ka madax banaan Fungi Dhir Xayawaan Supergroups^[1] and typical phyla Archaeplastida Red alga Glaucophyta SAR supergroup Stramenopiles Alveolata Apicomplexa Ciliophora Dinoflagellata Rhizaria Cercozoa Foraminifera Radiolaria Excavate Euglenozoa Percolozoa Metamonad Amoebozoa Opisthokonta Choanozoa Kuwo kale; kala saarka waa lagu kala duwan yahay