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Parts of a Cell Module A U 1

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Parts of a Cell Module A U. 1, L. 3 1 Parts of a Cell Module A U. 1, L. 3 1

Parts of a Cell Module A U. 1, L. 3 1

QU. of the Day! Answer in your Ntbk • Why weren’t cells discovered untilQU. of the Day! Answer in your Ntbk • Why weren’t cells discovered until

QU. of the Day! Answer in your Ntbk • Why weren’t cells discovered until 1665? What invention made their discovery possible? 2

Cell Parts Common to ALL Cells • DNA (Nucleus in Eukaryotes) • Cytoplasm •Cell Parts Common to ALL Cells • DNA (Nucleus in Eukaryotes) • Cytoplasm •

Cell Parts Common to ALL Cells • DNA (Nucleus in Eukaryotes) • Cytoplasm • Organelles • Cell Membrane 3

Cell Membrane - What? 2 layers of phospholipids - Function: Acts like a fenceCell Membrane - What? 2 layers of phospholipids - Function: Acts like a fence

Cell Membrane - What? 2 layers of phospholipids - Function: Acts like a fence and a gate • separates the inside of the cell from its environment • Controls what substances enter and leave the cell Oxygen, carbon dioxide, wastes, food, etc… - Located: • In plant cells, it is to the inside of the cell wall • In animal cells, it is the outermost part of the cell 4

Nucleus - What? Largest organelle, roundish, - covered by a nuclear membrane Nucleolus: darkNucleus - What? Largest organelle, roundish, - covered by a nuclear membrane Nucleolus: dark

Nucleus - What? Largest organelle, roundish, - covered by a nuclear membrane Nucleolus: dark spot in the middle – helps make ribosomes Chromatin – strands of genetic material Found in all Eukaryotes - Function: - The cell’s control center, library (DNA- books) § Contains the material for heredity (GENES) 5

Animal Cell Cytoplasm Nucleolus Nucleus Go to Section: Cell Membrane 6 Animal Cell Cytoplasm Nucleolus Nucleus Go to Section: Cell Membrane 6

Animal Cell Cytoplasm Nucleolus Nucleus Go to Section: Cell Membrane 6

Ribosomes • What? Smallest, round-ish, organelles. Not surrounded by a • membrane. • Function:Ribosomes • What? Smallest, round-ish, organelles. Not surrounded by a • membrane. • Function:

Ribosomes • What? Smallest, round-ish, organelles. Not surrounded by a • membrane. • Function: – Protein factories, where amino acids are hooked together • Located: In cytoplasm. In Eukaryotes, some are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. 7

Endoplasmic Reticulum ( ER) • What? A system of membranes, Internal delivery system, tubes,Endoplasmic Reticulum ( ER) • What? A system of membranes, Internal delivery system, tubes,

Endoplasmic Reticulum ( ER) • What? A system of membranes, Internal delivery system, tubes, passageways, ‘roads” flat sacks • 2 types Rough E. R. (ribosomes) and Smooth E. R. • Function: Produce, process and transport proteins and lipids, and break down harmful substances. • Smooth E. R. – Produce lipids • Rough E. R. – produce proteins 8

E. R. 9 E. R. 9

E. R. 9

Golgi complex • What? Looks like ER but nearer to cell membrane – aGolgi complex • What? Looks like ER but nearer to cell membrane – a

Golgi complex • What? Looks like ER but nearer to cell membrane – a stack of pancakes. In cytoplasm. • Plant and animal cells • Function: “The Shippers”. Packages stuff to go different locations in and out of the cell 10

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Lysosomes • What? “suicide cells”/“Clean-up crew” • Function: Contain enzymes to digest unwanted stuff,Lysosomes • What? “suicide cells”/“Clean-up crew” • Function: Contain enzymes to digest unwanted stuff,

Lysosomes • What? “suicide cells”/“Clean-up crew” • Function: Contain enzymes to digest unwanted stuff, to break down food into particles the rest of the cell can use, and to destroy old cells • In both plants & animals 12

More strange stuff… • The enzymes in lysosomes eat away the webbing between theMore strange stuff… • The enzymes in lysosomes eat away the webbing between the

More strange stuff… • The enzymes in lysosomes eat away the webbing between the fingers of human embryos • They destroy a tadpole’s tail when it is no longer needed! 13

Mitochondria (-ion) • What? The “Powerhouse • Function: Makes ATP using (breaks down) foodMitochondria (-ion) • What? The “Powerhouse • Function: Makes ATP using (breaks down) food

Mitochondria (-ion) • What? The “Powerhouse • Function: Makes ATP using (breaks down) food and oxygen – ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities that require energy • Has a double membrane 14

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Cytoplasm • What? A watery gelatinous substance that fills the cell Function: • SuspendsCytoplasm • What? A watery gelatinous substance that fills the cell Function: • Suspends

Cytoplasm • What? A watery gelatinous substance that fills the cell Function: • Suspends and supports all the organelles in the cell • Serves as a medium for many metabolic reactions 16

Strange but True • Both chloroplasts and mitochondria may have been bacteria infecting theStrange but True • Both chloroplasts and mitochondria may have been bacteria infecting the

Strange but True • Both chloroplasts and mitochondria may have been bacteria infecting the first cells! • Evidence: double membranes, they can reproduce by themselves • Did you know? Your mitochondria have DNA only from your Mother! 17

Cytoskeleton • What? Protein fibers found throughout cell • Includes centrioles and spindles •Cytoskeleton • What? Protein fibers found throughout cell • Includes centrioles and spindles •

Cytoskeleton • What? Protein fibers found throughout cell • Includes centrioles and spindles • Function: Provide support and shape, sometimes movement 18

This image shows some animal cells. They are stained with fluorescent labels to helpThis image shows some animal cells. They are stained with fluorescent labels to help

This image shows some animal cells. They are stained with fluorescent labels to help visualise the cytoskeleton with microtubules (green), actin filaments (red), and the nucleus (blue). 19 http: //bscb. org/learning-resources/softcell-e-learning/cytoskeleton-the-movers-and-shapers-in-the-cell/

Chloroplasts • What? Organelles that contain a pigment chlorophyll. Have double membrane • Function:Chloroplasts • What? Organelles that contain a pigment chlorophyll. Have double membrane • Function:

Chloroplasts • What? Organelles that contain a pigment chlorophyll. Have double membrane • Function: Where photosynthesis takes place • Plant cells only! 20

Inside a Chloroplast 21 Inside a Chloroplast 21

Inside a Chloroplast 21

Vacuoles • What? A fluid filled vessicle/sac • Large - Mostly in plants, •Vacuoles • What? A fluid filled vessicle/sac • Large - Mostly in plants, •

Vacuoles • What? A fluid filled vessicle/sac • Large - Mostly in plants, • Small – in animal cells • Function: • Storage –Water (plants) Enzymes/waste/nutrients in animals – Pigments-They make a rose red and a violet blue… 22

Cell Wall • What? Rigid structure, surrounds cell membrane. Plant cells only • MadeCell Wall • What? Rigid structure, surrounds cell membrane. Plant cells only • Made

Cell Wall • What? Rigid structure, surrounds cell membrane. Plant cells only • Made of cellulose or chitin (carbohydrates) • Function: Provide Structure and rigidity Remember: A plant has no bones! 23

More parts…. ? ? • Peroxisomes • Microtubules • Centrioles 24 More parts…. ? ? • Peroxisomes • Microtubules • Centrioles 24

More parts…. ? ? • Peroxisomes • Microtubules • Centrioles 24

Name the parts 25 Name the parts 25

Name the parts 25

Figure 7 -5 Plant and Animal Cells Section 7 -2 Animal Cell Cytoplasm NucleolusFigure 7 -5 Plant and Animal Cells Section 7 -2 Animal Cell Cytoplasm Nucleolus

Figure 7 -5 Plant and Animal Cells Section 7 -2 Animal Cell Cytoplasm Nucleolus Nucleus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes Cell Membrane Mitochondria Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Bodies 26

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Plant Cell Cytoplasm Vacuole Smooth ER Ribosomes Chloroplasts Cell Membrane Cell Wall Golgi BodyPlant Cell Cytoplasm Vacuole Smooth ER Ribosomes Chloroplasts Cell Membrane Cell Wall Golgi Body

Plant Cell Cytoplasm Vacuole Smooth ER Ribosomes Chloroplasts Cell Membrane Cell Wall Golgi Body Mitochondria Nucleolus Nucleus Rough ER 28

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Examples of Types of Cells 30 Examples of Types of Cells 30

Examples of Types of Cells 30

Cheek or epidermal cells Cells from a leaf 31 Cheek or epidermal cells Cells from a leaf 31

Cheek or epidermal cells Cells from a leaf 31

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