Kōka

Kōka (弘化) was a Japanese era name (年号,, nengō,, lit. "year name") after Tenpō and before Kaei. This period started in December of 1844 and ended in February of 1848.^[1] During this time, the emperors were Ninkō-tennō (仁孝天皇)^[2] and Kōmei-tennō (孝明天皇).^[3]

Events of the Kōka era

The *USS Vincennes* and *USS Columbus* in Japanese waters in the 3rd year of *Kōka*

1844 (Kōka 1): Takashima Tomonosuke was born.^[4]

1846 (Kōka 3): Two U.S. Navy ships were driven away from Uraga at the mouth of Tokyo Bay.^[5]

21 February 1846 (Kōka 3, 26th day of the 1st month): Ninkō died;^[6] and the succession passed to his son (senso). Soon after, Emperor Kōmei's role as monarch was confirmed by ceremonies (sokui).^[7]

March 1846 (Kōka 3): Earthquake in Sanriku (Latitude: 39.500/Longitude: 142.000), 6.9 magnitude on the Richter Scale^[8]

9 May 1847 (Kōka 4): Earthquake in Nagano (Latitude: 37.000/Longitude: 138.000), 7.4 on Richter Scale^[8]

1848 (Kōka 5): The last subscription Noh performance of the pre-modern era.^[9]

During the Koka era, Hiroshige began making prints of women in the context of famous places.^[10]

Related pages

Edo period

References

↑ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Kōka" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 546.
↑ Nussbaum, "Ninkō Tennō," p. 716.
↑ Nussbaum, "Kōmei Tennō," p. 553.
↑ National Diet Library, "Portraits of Modern Historical Figures"; retrieved wo11-12-14.
↑ Brinkley, Francis. (1893). History of the Empire of Japan, p. 349.
↑ Meyer, Eva-Maria. (1999). Japans Kaiserhof in der Edo-Zeit, p. 186; Imperial Household Agency (Kunaichō), 仁孝天皇 (120). Retrieved 2012-5-27.
↑ Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan, p. 123; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki, p. 44; a distinct act of senso is unrecognized prior to Emperor Tenji; and all sovereigns except Jitō, Yōzei, Go-Toba, and Fushimi have senso and sokui in the same year until the reign of Emperor Go-Murakami. Compare Kunaichō, Ceremony of Accession (Sokui-no-Rei). Retrieved 2012-6-30.
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 NOAA/Japan "Significant Earthquake Database" -- U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC)
↑ Rath, Eric C. (2006). The Ethos of Noh: Actors And Their Art, p. 218.
↑ Oka, Isaburô et al. (1997). Hiroshige: Japan's Great Landscape Artist, p. 83.

Other websites

National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Kōka	1st	2nd	3rd	4th	5th
	1844	1845	1846	1847	1848

Preceded by:
Tenpō

Era or nengō:
Kōka

Succeeded by:
Kaei

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[1] Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Kōka" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 546.

[2] Nussbaum, "Ninkō Tennō," p. 716.

[3] Nussbaum, "Kōmei Tennō," p. 553.

[4] National Diet Library, "Portraits of Modern Historical Figures"; retrieved wo11-12-14.

[5] Brinkley, Francis. (1893). History of the Empire of Japan, p. 349.

[6] Meyer, Eva-Maria. (1999). Japans Kaiserhof in der Edo-Zeit, p. 186; Imperial Household Agency (Kunaichō), 仁孝天皇 (120). Retrieved 2012-5-27.

[7] Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan, p. 123; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki, p. 44; a distinct act of senso is unrecognized prior to Emperor Tenji; and all sovereigns except Jitō, Yōzei, Go-Toba, and Fushimi have senso and sokui in the same year until the reign of Emperor Go-Murakami. Compare Kunaichō, Ceremony of Accession (Sokui-no-Rei). Retrieved 2012-6-30.

[NOAA-8] 8.0 ^8.1 NOAA/Japan "Significant Earthquake Database" -- U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC)

[9] Rath, Eric C. (2006). The Ethos of Noh: Actors And Their Art, p. 218.

[10] Oka, Isaburô et al. (1997). Hiroshige: Japan's Great Landscape Artist, p. 83.

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