Aggur:Taflsuft
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Iflsufn ixatarn
Tawlaft n ɣassa
Amgrad n wassad
Afulay s talatinit (Apuleius ) iga amsnaw amaziɣ n tasuta tiss snat ilul g iɣrm n madur g wammas n ifriqya n izzlmḍ ɣ usggas n 125 s asggas amaziɣ 1075. Ismun mnnaw n igran n tussna am taflsuft, tastrunumit, asujji n tskla. tugha isawal s tutlayt nns tamaziɣt d tlatinit. immut g usggas n 170 s asggas amaziɣ 1120. Ittawssan ufulay s idllisn ns lli bahra dar illa atig imqqurn g umaḍal zund: "Asnus n wurgh" d "Midisinilma" d "Astraonomika
Idllisn
- Aɣyul n wurɣ
- Midisinilma
- Astranumika
ⴰⵎⴳⵔⴰⴹ ⵙ ⵜⴼⵉⵏⴰⵖ
ⵓⴳⵓⵙⵜⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵀⵉpⵓⵏ ⵏⵉɣⴷ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏⵉⵜ (ⵄⵓⵔⴻⵍⵉⵓⵙ ⵄⵓⴳⵓⵙⵜⵉⵏⵓⵙ ) ⵏⵉɣⴷ ⵙ ⵜⴰⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⵜ (ⵚⴰⵉⵏⵜ ⵄⵓⴳⵓⵙⵜⵉⵏ ). ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ɣ ⵉⴼⵓⵍⵓⵙⴼⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉɣ ⵉɣⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ. ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ɣ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰɣⴰⵙⵜ ɣ ⵜⴰⵎⵣɣⴰ (ɣⵉⵍ ⵙⵓⵇ ⴰⵀⵔⴰⵙ ɣ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴺⵣⵢⵔ) ⴰⵙ ⵏ 13 ⵏoⵯⴻⵎⴱⵔⴻ 354 ⵙ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉɣ ⴰⵙ ⵏⵡⵉⵙ 31 ⴽⵜⵓⴱⵔ 1304 ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵎḍⴰⵍ ɣ 28 ɣⵓⵛⵜ 430 ɣ ⵃⵉpⵓⵏ (ɣⵉⵍ Σⴰⵏⵏⴰⴱⴰ ɣ ⴺⵣⴰⵢⵔ). ⵄⵢⵜ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⴳⴰⵏ ⴽⵓⵍⵍⵓ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉɣⵏ ⵎⴰⵛ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵙⴷ ⵉⴱⴱⴰⵙ ⵉⵜⴼⵔ ⵉⵔⵓⵎⵉⵢⵏ ⵏⵉɣⴷ (ⵄⴼⵔⵉⴽⴽⵉⵛ ⴰⵔⵓⵎⵉ), ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵙ ⵓⵀⵓ (ⵟⴰⴼⵔⵉⴽⴽⵉⵛⵜ ⵉⵍⵉⵍⵍⵉⵏ). ⵄⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵜⵉ ⵏⵉⵜ ⵉⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ɣ ⵅⴽⵓẓ ⵉɣⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵟⴰⵔⵓⵎⵉⵜ ɣ ⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵏⵙ ⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ. Iɣⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵄⴳⵔⵔⴰⵎ ⴰⵔⵓⵎⵉ ⵙ ⵜⴰⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⵜ (ⵚⴰⵉⵏⵜ ) Uⴳⵓⵙⵜⴰⵏ, ⵄⴳⵔⵔⴰⵎ Uⵎⴱⵔⵡⴰⵙ , ⵄⴳⵔⵔⴰⵎ Jⵉⵔⵓⵎ ⵙ ⵜⴰⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⵜ (ⵚⴰⵉⵏⵜ Jéⵔôⵎⴻ ), ⵄⴳⵔⵔⴰⵎ ⵖⵔⵉⴳⵡⴰⵔ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵙ ⵜⴰⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⵜ (ⵖⵔéⴳoⵉⵔⴻ Iⴻⵔ ) ⴷ 33 ṭⴰⵍⴱ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵔⵓⵎⵉⵜ. Iⴽⴰⵜⵓⵍⵉⴽⵉⵢⵏ ⴰⵔ ⴱⴷⴷⴰ ⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵓɣⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎṭṭⴰⵍⵜ ⵏⵙ ⴳⵔⴰⵢⴳⴰⵜ ⴰⵙ ⵏ 28 ɣⵓⵛⵜ (15 ɣⵓⵛⵜ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉɣ). ⵄⵉⵜ ⵓɣⵜⵓⴷⵓⴽⵙ ⵏⵜⵜⵏⵉⵏ ⴰⵔⴰⵙ ⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵓɣⵍⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵏ 15 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓ (2 ɣⵓⵛⵜ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉɣ)
Imgrad mqqurnin n Taflsuft
Taggayyin n Taflsuft
Tirra
Mixayel Aleksandrubicc Bakunin (s trusit Михаил Александрович Бакунин), imi qqaren tikwal Michel Bakounine, illul ass n 20 neɣ 30 di mayu 1814 di Primuxino, di tmurt n Rrus, imut ass amenzu di yulyu usseggass n 1876 di Bern, tamurt n Sswis d afilusuf anerwaḍ (anar). Acḥal d asseggas d Pierre-Joseph Proudhon illa-d d tala-s n tikta.
Ass-mi idder di Mosku d Saint-Petersburg illa issuqul-d imarayen ilamniyen am Hegel d Fichte ar trusit. Di 1842, yusa ar tmurt n Lalman u si imi iwweḍ imlal n ilmeẓyen inelmayen n tmurt n llalmen di Berlin. Syin, idda ar Fransa anda imlal d Proudhon d George Sand u issen-d daɣen imnejla n tmurt Polonya. Si Paris, iruḥ ar tmurt n Swiss anda izdaɣ kra iseggasen u anda ikki u igar tamawt ama s tiga am tikti d ṭaqa n imussuten inelmayen.
Ass-mi akka I illa izdeɣ di tmurt n Swiss, anabaḍ n tmurt-a ira a t-isqarqer ar tmurt-is, tamurt n Russ. Bakunin yugi. U tigin-a ines tessassa as-d tukwsa n wayen isɛa, ama d axxam ama d ayen nniḍen. Di 1848, di tuɣalin-ines ar Paris, yura kra n wawalen d imsarɣiyen mgal tamurt n Rrus u dgha anect-a iwwi yas-d tufɣa si tmurt n Fransa, ittwaqerqer-d seg-s.
Amussu agrawliw n 1848 ifka yas abrid s wayes ikcem ar gar kra n trebbuɛa ifetlen arway d tektiwin ɣef tugdut. Ikki deg umennuɣ n Dresde n 1849 u dinna dɣa I ittwarez, “taɣdemt” teddem fell-as tamgart, u ittwarez “ar laxart”. Fkan-t, neɣ rran-t, s ifassen ttwaqnen, I udabu n tmurt n Rrus, win izemmemen fell-as tawwurt n tazult u I t-yuznen, kra issegwassen s yin, ar lka n usemmar n Siberya deg useggas n 1855.
Deg useggas n 1861, deg yiwen n ttriḥ i s-fkan I kra n wussan irwel ar tmurt n Japon, d Iwunak Idduklen u tagara ar tmurt n Lingliz. S yin idder akw tudart-is di Turuft, ladɣa di tmurt n Sswis. Di 1869 issali yiwet n tdukli tasertant: Tadukli Tanemlayt n Tugdut. Maca ugin as I tdukli agi ines anekcum ar tmenzut n Tagraɣlant Inemahalen (Internationale des travailleurs), nnan as tadukli inek ulac deg-s tirrebbuɛa tigraɣlayin. Dɣa assegwass nni, tebḍa Tdukli ya u wid illan ttekkin akw deg-s ddan ar Tagraɣlant Inemahalen iman nsen, myal yiwen ansi I ikka.
Di 1870 isseker-d ahetrwel d ummennuɣ di Lyon, maca ur issaweḍ sani n kra. Maca xas ilul-d din immut din umenniɣ-a, izga, kra iseggasen s yin, d amedya di Tɣiwant n Paris. Karl Marks d Friedrich Engles ufan as anamek diɣen: tasnaraft n tigellel.
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'Aristot (s tegrigit Ἀριστοτέλης, 384-322 Qε) iga afilusuf agrigi. ilul g teddart n Stagire g tmurt n Tmaqdunit (Masedwan). Yezdeɣ g Atena, yella d anelmad n Platon g takadimit.
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