[HTML][HTML] Effects of electronic cigarette flavorants on human platelet aggregation ex vivo
A Richardson, T Krivokhizhina, P Lorkiewicz… - Toxicology Reports, 2022 - Elsevier
Toxicology Reports, 2022•Elsevier
Because little is known about the effects of individual flavorants in electronic cigarette (e-cig)
fluids on human platelet aggregation, we tested for the direct effects of 15 common e-cig
flavorants on adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced human platelet aggregation ex vivo. To
better understand a potential mechanism of action of flavorants, we quantified 2 phases of
aggregation. Human platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was obtained from whole blood of healthy
volunteers and used in a platelet aggregometry assay. PRP was incubated with 1 of 15 …
fluids on human platelet aggregation, we tested for the direct effects of 15 common e-cig
flavorants on adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced human platelet aggregation ex vivo. To
better understand a potential mechanism of action of flavorants, we quantified 2 phases of
aggregation. Human platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was obtained from whole blood of healthy
volunteers and used in a platelet aggregometry assay. PRP was incubated with 1 of 15 …
Abstract
Because little is known about the effects of individual flavorants in electronic cigarette (e-cig) fluids on human platelet aggregation, we tested for the direct effects of 15 common e-cig flavorants on adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced human platelet aggregation ex vivo. To better understand a potential mechanism of action of flavorants, we quantified 2 phases of aggregation. Human platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was obtained from whole blood of healthy volunteers and used in a platelet aggregometry assay. PRP was incubated with 1 of 15 different flavorant compounds (e.g., benzyl alcohol, eugenol, citronellol, menthol, menthone, diacetyl, maltol, limonene, methylbutyric acid, isoamyl acetate, acetylpyridine, eucalyptol, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, cinnamaldehyde, and vanillin) at 100 µM for 5 min at 37 °C prior to addition of ADP (10 µM). Subsequent ADP-induced platelet aggregation was tracked for 5 min using an aggregometer. Aggregation curves were analyzed for flavorant-induced effects on total (%) aggregation, Phase 1 and Phase 2 components, and compared with their ADP-only control via One-Way ANOVA. Notably, eugenol significantly inhibited total aggregation; an effect due solely to inhibition of Phase 2. No other flavor tested had any effect on total or phase-specific ADP-induced platelet aggregation. These results indicate that parent flavorant compounds commonly found in e-cig liquids neither activate nor inhibit ADP-induced human platelet aggregation. However, as flavorants are chemically altered during heating of e-cig, thermally-derived products of flavorants (e.g., flavor acetals) also will need to be tested for effects on platelet activation.
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