The nCounter PanCancer Immune Profiling Panel is a unique 770-plex gene expression panel to measure the human immune response in both solid and liquid cancer types. The panel measures many features of the immune response to facilitate rapid development of clinical actionable gene expression profiles in the context of cancer immunotherapy. The assay is run on the nCounter Analysis System (Nanostring Technologies, Inc.), an automated system which received 510 (k) clearance from the FDA for use with the Prosigna Breast Cancer Prognostic Gene Signature Assay [1]. The nCounter Analysis System is based on a novel digital color-coded barcode technology which allows for direct multiplexed measurement of gene expression from low amount of mRNA (25 to 300 ng) without need for amplification [2]. The technology uses molecular “barcodes” and single molecule imaging to detect and count (completely digital) hundreds of unique transcripts in a single reaction with high precision and sensitivity (< 1 copy per cell). Each color-coded optical barcode is attached to a single target-specific hybridization probe corresponding to a gene of interest. Mixed together with controls, they form multiplexed “CodeSets” which are provided as ready to use reagents (Fig. 1). Currently three “CodeSets” are available as ready to use reagents for oncology investigations: a) the PanCancer Pathways-a panel of 700 essential genes representing major cancer pathways including key driver genesb) the PanCancer progression-a panel of 770 genes from 4 major biologic processes that contribute to increased tumor growth and invasiveness including angiogenesis, epithelial to mesenchymal transition and extra-matrix remodeling and metastasis and c) the PanCancer Immune profiling panel (described in more details below). Multiple CodeSets can be run on the same samples thus proving integrated information about both tumor and host immune response.