Varying outcomes regarding the quality of life (QoL) have been reported in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). To assess the impact of adherence rate to medical therapy regimens on QoL in patients with CAH.

Adolescents and adults aged 15–72 years with CAH due to 21‐hydroxylase deficiency at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.

QoL was assessed using the Addison QoL (n = 72) and RAND 36 questionnaires (n = 75). Adherence to therapy regimens was measured using the Adherence Starts with Knowledge questionnaire (ASK‐12). Associations between QoL, type of glucocorticoid therapy prescribed and ASK‐12 results were examined. Results were compared to reference RAND 36 data obtained from a representative sample from the general Swedish population.

A good adherence rate to therapy regimens and a younger age were key factors for a better QoL in study participants with CAH. Younger patients on hydrocortisone and with good adherence had higher RAND 36 scores than older patients on prednisolone independently adherence. Participants with classic CAH (both the salt‐wasting and simple virilizing form) reported higher QoL than those with nonclassic CAH. Patients with CAH, especially nonclassic, more frequently reported an impaired QoL than the general population, especially regarding limitations related to body pain, vitality and mental health.

A poor adherence rate to therapy regimens, rather than type of glucocorticoid was associated with impaired QoL in adolescents and adults with CAH.