… spinal decoder compare spinal codes to Raptor [33, 26] over a dense QAM-256 constellation,
Strider [12], and LDPC codes … of spinal codes over Raptor and Strider (both rateless codes) …

… In this paper, we present a novel rateless code, the spinal code, which uses a … spinal
codes essentially achieve Shannon capacity, and out-perform bestknown fixed rate block codes…

Neural circuits are assembled with remarkable precision during embryonic development,
and the selectivity inherent in their formation helps to define the behavioural repertoire of the …

… Abstract—It is well known that spinal codes can … optimal spinal codes for non-equiprobable
source is still an open problem. This paper proposes a novel Sparse Spinal (S-Spinal) codes …

… surgery often have multiple degenerative diagnoses, they frequently have multiple spine-related
diagnosis codes, which leads to ambiguity as to which is the most relevant surgical …

… spinal column, concussion and edema of the spinal cord, trauma with SCI, other unspecified
injuries of the spinal cord, injury of the cauda equina nerves and spinal … 22 codes from ICD-…

… not only improves the encoding and decoding throughput of Spinal codes but also reduces
the FER of Spinal codes. The main contributions of this work can be summarized as follows: …

… codes that indicate 4 or more disc levels fused, and “add-on” CPT codes that document
additional operative levels for spinal … presence of nonspecific codes (eg., ICD-9-CM code 81.62, “…

… to less specified ICD-10 codes, the current study evaluated the number of codes utilized for
… The current study is the first to evaluate utilization patterns of spine codes in ICD-10 versus …

… The CPT and ICD codes not referencing a spine procedure were excluded … codes is limited.
For example, the only ICD procedure codes used for lumbar fusion were 81.06 (lumbar spine …