Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration is expected to exceed 500 parts per million and
global temperatures to rise by at least 2C by 2050 to 2100, values that significantly exceed …

In 2010, the international community, under the auspices of the Convention on Biological
Diversity, agreed on 20 biodiversity-related “Aichi Targets” to be achieved within a decade. We …

Climate-driven changes in biotic interactions can profoundly alter ecological communities,
particularly when they impact foundation species. In marine systems, changes in herbivory …

The deteriorating health of the world’s coral reefs threatens global biodiversity, ecosystem
function, and the livelihoods of millions of people living in tropical coastal regions 1 . Reefs in …

Since the mass mortality of the urchin Diadema antillarum in 1983, parrotfishes have become
the dominant grazer on Caribbean reefs. The grazing capacity of these fishes could be …

Mangrove forests are one of the world's most threatened tropical ecosystems with global loss
exceeding 35% (ref. 1 ). Juvenile coral reef fish often inhabit mangroves 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , but the …

Reduced fishing pressure and weak predator–prey interactions within marine reserves can
create trophic cascades that increase the number of grazing fishes and reduce the coverage …

Many species of coral reef fish undertake ontogenetic migrations between seagrass beds,
mangroves, and coral reefs. A recent study from the Caribbean found that the availability of …

Coral reefs provide a number of ecosystem services including coastal defense from storms,
the generation of building materials, and fisheries. It is increasingly clear that the …

There has been a vast improvement in access to remotely sensed data in just a few recent
years. This revolution of information is the result of heavy investment in new technology by …