There is considerable evidence to suggest that adverse early-life experiences have a
profound effect on the developing brain. Neurobiological changes that occur in response to …

Epidemiologic studies indicate that children exposed to early adverse experiences are at
increased risk for the development of depression, anxiety disorders, or both. Persistent …

The possibility that hypersecretion of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) contributes to the
hyperactivity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis observed in patients with major …

The underlying causes of most mood and anxiety disorders remain unknown. There is a
strong heritable component to psychiatric illnesses that, when coupled with environmental …

Although the fact that genetic predisposition and environmental exposures interact to shape
development and function of the human brain and, ultimately, the risk of psychiatric …

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), a 41 amino acid-containing peptide, appears to mediate
not only the endocrine but also the autonomic and behavioral responses to stress. Stress, …

In the past two decades, much evidence has accumulated unequivocally demonstrating that
child abuse and neglect is associated with a marked increase in risk for major psychiatric …

Currently available therapeutic interventions for treatment-resistant depression, including
switch, combination, and augmentation strategies, are less than ideal. Observations of mood …

Depression represents the number one cause of disability worldwide and is often fatal.
Inflammatory processes have been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. It is now well …

Major depressive disorder is associated with considerable morbidity, disability, and risk for
suicide. Treatments for depression most commonly include antidepressants, psychotherapy, …