We demonstrate that a single brain-neuron-extracted microtubule is a memory-switching
element, whose hysteresis loss is nearly zero. Our study shows how a memory-state forms in …

Modern computers operate at enormous speeds—capable of executing in excess of 10 13
instructions per second—but their sequential approach to processing, by which logical …

Time crystal was conceived in the 1970s as an autonomous engine made of only clocks to
explain the life-like features of a virus. Later, time crystal was extended to living cells like …

Hodgkin and Huxley showed that even if the filaments are dissolved, a neuron’s membrane
alone can generate and transmit the nerve spike. Regulating the time gap between spikes is …

As we bring tubulin protein molecules one by one into the vicinity, they self-assemble and
entire event we capture live via quantum tunneling. We observe how these molecules form a …

Microtubule nanotubes are found in every living eukaryotic cells; these are formed by
reversible polymerization of the tubulin protein, and their hollow fibers are filled with uniquely …

Making an artificial brain is not a part of artificial intelligence. It will be a revolutionary journey
of mankind exploring a science where one cannot write an equation, a material will vibrate …

Biomaterials are primarily insulators. For nearly a century, electromagnetic resonance and
antenna–receiver properties have been measured and extensively theoretically modeled. …

Conjugated polymers have been used in data-storage devices. A “state” has been written by
applying a voltage pulse. The state of the device has been “read” from the current under a …

We have observed a large electrical conductance switching (ON: OFF ratio105) in single-layer
sandwich structures based on organic molecules at room temperature. The switching …