Nuclear DNA damage and ligation of plasma-membrane death receptors have long been
recognized as initial triggers of apoptosis that induce mitochondrial membrane …

Autophagy is a tightly regulated pathway involving the lysosomal degradation of cytoplasmic
organelles or cytosolic components. This pathway can be stimulated by multiple forms of …

Caspase activation has been frequently viewed as synonymous with apoptotic cell death;
however, caspases can also contribute to processes that do not culminate in cell demise …

Programmed cell death (PCD) is involved in the removal of superfluous and damaged cells
in most organ systems. The induction phase of PCD or apoptosis is characterized by an …

Irrespective of the morphological features of end-stage cell death (that may be apoptotic,
necrotic, autophagic, or mitotic), mitochondrial membrane permeabilization (MMP) is …

Different cell death types are defined by morphological criteria, without a clear reference to
precise biochemical mechanisms. The Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) …

Dying cells often display a large-scale accumulation of autophagosomes and hence adopt a
morphology called autophagic cell death. In many cases, it is agreed that this autophagic …

The lysosomal degradation pathway of autophagy plays a fundamental role in cellular,
tissue, and organismal homeostasis and is mediated by evolutionarily conserved autophagy …

In the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis, caspase activation is closely linked to
mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP). Numerous pro-apoptotic signal …

Different types of cell death are often defined by morphological criteria, without a clear
reference to precise biochemical mechanisms. The Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death …