George F. Koob,* Pietro Paolo Sanna, and Floyd E. Bloom diction (Koob and Le Moal, 1997;
Koob et al., 1998). The underlying molecular and cellular changes that Department of …

Drug addiction is a chronically relapsing disorder characterized by compulsion to seek and
take drugs and has been linked to dysregulation of brain regions that mediate reward and …

Drug addiction has been conceptualized as a chronically relapsing disorder of compulsive
drug seeking and taking that progresses through three stages: binge/intoxication …

Drug addiction represents a dramatic dysregulation of motivational circuits that is caused by
a combination of exaggerated incentive salience and habit formation, reward deficits and …

Drug addiction is a chronically relapsing disorder that has been characterized by (1)
compulsion to seek and take the drug,(2) loss of control in limiting intake, and (3) emergence …

Aims The purpose of this review is to provide a synthesis of our knowledge of the
neurobiological bases of addiction relevant for the diagnosis of addiction. Methods A …

A neurobiological model of the brain emotional systems has been proposed to explain the
persistent changes in motivation that are associated with vulnerability to relapse in …

Drugs of abuse are ve y powerful reinforcers, and even in conditions of limited access
(where the organism is nof dependent) these drugs will motivate high rates of operant …

Drug addiction is a chronic relapsing brain disorder characterized by neurobiological
changes that lead to a compulsion to take a drug with loss of control over drug intake. The …

This paper reviews recent developments in the neurocircuitry and neurobiology of addiction
from a perspective of allostasis. A model is proposed for brain changes that occur during the …