The energy-consuming and carbon-intensive wastewater treatment plants could become
significant energy producers and recycled organic and metallic material generators, thereby …

When two streams of different salinities are mixed, Gibbs free energy of mixing is released.
This energy can be harvested and further converted to electric energy through pressure …

Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) has gained attention due to its use as a salinity gradient
energy-generating membrane process. This process can convert difference in salinity …

The scarcity of freshwater is one of the major challenges to the civilized community around
the World. So, the various engineered processes have been developed for the remediation …

An excessive amount of renewable energy could be possibly produced when solutions of
dissimilar salinities are combined simultaneously in a semipermeable membrane. The …

There has been increasing attention in osmotically driven membrane processes (ODMPs),
which include forward osmosis (FO) and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO). They provide a …

The giant and sustainable salinity gradient energy broadly occurs when mixing solution
sources with different concentrations can be potentially harvested through the intensively …

Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) is an emerging technology to harvest the renewable
salinity-gradient energy. However, its performance can be significantly limited by severe …

The price of one liter of potable water generated from the desalination system is justified
when it is coupled with renewable energy and proper brine disposal practices …

Desalination can meet increasing water demands, but results in high energy consumption
and the discharge of highly concentrated brine. Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) can serve …