Immune-checkpoint inhibitors targeting PD-1 or PD-L1 have already substantially improved
the outcomes of patients with many types of cancer, although only 20–40% of patients derive …

Liquid biopsies are increasingly used for cancer molecular profiling that enables a precision
oncology approach. Circulating extracellular nucleic acids (cell-free DNA; cfDNA) …

Over the past 10 years, circulating tumor cells (CTC) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA)
have received enormous attention as new biomarkers and subjects of translational research …

Cancer immunotherapy is a validated and critically important approach for treating patients
with cancer. Given the vast research and clinical investigation efforts dedicated to advancing …

Tumor mutational burden (TMB) reflects cancer mutation quantity. Mutations are processed
to neo-antigens and presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins to T …

Checkpoint inhibitor-based immunotherapies that target cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4
(CTLA4) or the programmed cell death 1 (PD1) pathway have achieved impressive success …

Primary lung cancer remains the most common malignancy after non-melanocytic skin
cancer, and deaths from lung cancer exceed those from any other malignancy worldwide [1] …

Background Enhancing tumor-specific T-cell immunity by inhibiting programmed death
ligand 1 (PD-L1)–programmed death 1 (PD-1) signaling has shown promise in the treatment …

Background The efficacy and safety of the anti–programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1)
monoclonal antibody atezolizumab, as compared with those of platinum-based …

Tumor mutational burden (TMB), defined as the number of somatic mutations per megabase
of interrogated genomic sequence, varies across malignancies. Panel sequencing–based …