The principal congenital abnormalities of the optic disc that can significantly impair visual
function are excavation of the optic disc and optic nerve hypoplasia. The excavated optic …

The morning glory disc anomaly has distinctive clinical characteristics and is important to
diagnose correctly so that associated central nervous system and vascular abnormalities are …

Retinal arteriovenous malformations represent a rare syndrome in which a direct connection
of major vessels without interposition of capillaries may lead to various complications such …

Objective To propose a pathophysiologic mechanism to unify a variety of disparate sporadic
congenital malformations. Methods Inductive and deductive analyses to correlate …

Developmental anomalies of the optic nerve are an important and growing cause of lifelong
visual handicap and they are often associated with systemic abnormalities. This review …

Backgroud Retinal racemose hemangioma (RRH) is a rare congenital disorder that often co-
occurs with other ocular complications. In this study, we present a case of RRH complicated …

Congenital anomalies of the optic disc underlie many cases of decreased vision, strabismus,
and nystagmus in childhood. A comprehensive evaluation necessitates an understanding of …

PURPOSE: To report an association of congenital optic nerve anomalies with peripheral
retina nonperfusion and to describe the clinical manifestations and treatment. DESIGN …

The diagnosis of optic neuropathy is usually considered under two circumstances:(1) when
visual loss is associated with an anomalous, swollen, or pale optic disc or (2) when the …

Cavitary congenital optic disc anomalies include optic disc coloboma, morning glory disc
anomaly, optic pit, and the papillorenal syndrome. Peripapillary staphyloma is occasionally …