Over the past two centuries, vaccines have been critical for the prevention of infectious
diseases and are considered milestones in the medical and public health history. The World …

Transmission electron microscopy has had a profound impact on our knowledge and
understanding of viruses and bacteria. The 1000-fold improvement in resolution provided by …

Infectious diseases such as novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), Influenza, HIV, Ebola, etc kill
many people around the world every year (SARS-CoV-2 in 2019, Ebola in 2013, HIV in …

Human rotavirus is the most important cause of severe diarrhoea in infants and young
children worldwide. We describe the aetiology of viral diarrhoea and the characteristics of …

Electron microscopy (EM) allows fast visualization of viruses in a wide range of clinical
specimens. Viruses are grouped into families based on their morphology. Viruses from …

The pigeon feces are vehicle of diseases both for humans and other animal species. In
these birds, the most important viral diseases of the digestive tract are transmitted by the …

Avianpox is a highly contagious disease infecting both commercial and wild birds, causing
great damages to breeders and breeding. Caused by DNA viruses of the family Poxviridae …

Transmission electron microscopy has been an excellent tool, essential for the diagnosis of
bacterial and viral animal diseases. Four basic techniques have been widely used: negative …

The porcine transmissible gastroenteritis is a highly severe contagious disease, caused by
virus of the Coronaviridae family, genus Coronavirus. Its epizootic shape can reach a rate of …

Diseases caused by avian paramyxovirus (APMV) occur in commercial, captive and wild
birds worldwide, demonstrating the significant economic and ecological importance of these …