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# Controllers and Middleware in WordPress
Acorn brings Laravel's controller and middleware system to WordPress, enabling you to build robust APIs, handle complex request logic, and implement clean separation of concerns. Controllers organize your route logic, while middleware provides a convenient mechanism for filtering HTTP requests.
We recommend referencing the [Laravel docs on Controllers](https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/controllers) and [Middleware](https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/middleware) for a complete understanding.
## Creating controllers
### Generate a controller
To create a new controller, use the `make:controller` Artisan command:
#### Create a basic controller
```bash
$ wp acorn make:controller PostController
```
#### Create an API resource controller
```bash
$ wp acorn make:controller PostController --api
```
#### Create a controller with all CRUD methods
```bash
$ wp acorn make:controller PostController --resource
```
This creates a new controller file in `app/Http/Controllers/`.
### Basic controller example
```php
latest('ID')
->take(10)
->get();
return response()->json($posts);
}
public function show(int $id): JsonResponse
{
$post = Post::findOrFail($id);
return response()->json($post);
}
public function store(Request $request): JsonResponse
{
$validated = $request->validate([
'title' => 'required|max:255',
'content' => 'required',
'status' => 'in:draft,publish'
]);
$post = Post::create([
'post_title' => $validated['title'],
'post_content' => $validated['content'],
'post_status' => $validated['status'] ?? 'draft',
'post_type' => 'post',
'post_author' => get_current_user_id() ?: 1,
]);
return response()->json($post, 201);
}
}
```
### Using controllers in routes
Define your routes in `routes/web.php`:
```php
validate([
'title' => 'required|max:255',
'content' => 'required',
]);
$post_id = wp_insert_post([
'post_title' => $validated['title'],
'post_content' => $validated['content'],
'post_status' => 'publish',
'post_type' => 'post',
]);
return response()->json(['id' => $post_id], 201);
}
}
```
## Creating middleware
### Generate middleware
To create new middleware, use the `make:middleware` Artisan command:
```bash
$ wp acorn make:middleware AuthenticateAdmin
```
This creates a new middleware file in `app/Http/Middleware/`.
### Authentication middleware example
```php
json([
'message' => 'Authentication required'
], 401);
}
if (!current_user_can('manage_options')) {
return response()->json([
'message' => 'Admin access required'
], 403);
}
return $next($request);
}
}
```
## Applying middleware
Apply middleware to routes:
```php
middleware(AuthenticateAdmin::class);
```