The process of birth, growth, death and decomposition is a recycling feature of all life on earth... more The process of birth, growth, death and decomposition is a recycling feature of all life on earth. Humans are not an exception. All life recycles its matter upon death so that new life can grow and have the same opportunity to complete its life cycle. The recycling of the substances used by life is a key feature associated with life and the balance of nature. Life on earth is carbon based. Life’s structure is composed of compounds created by reactions that utilise the limited resources of carbon dioxide (CO2), water and several minerals and metals. When a life type dies a natural force decomposes it; it breaks down into its basic building blocks. It’s a generally efficient process that intends to gives back to the earth what it took from it so that new life can use it. However, the decomposition process is incomplete in the instances later described and residues remain that are not able to be used by new life. A “new” matter that doesn’t recycle back to its constituent parts is the plastic humans produce from the processing of “fossil” fuels. Plastic does not readily decompose and its residue, as waste, is infiltrating life’s domain with dire consequences.
References and comments on the paper: “Frank Mlinar commented on Terigi Cicconi’s paper published March 16, 2024", 2024
I followed Mr. Mlinar’s comments in the abovementioned paper published in academia.edu and would ... more I followed Mr. Mlinar’s comments in the abovementioned paper published in academia.edu and would like to add my comments in the same topic sequence Mr. Mlinar presented his.
The following essay represents my vision of a changing world as the average global temperature (A... more The following essay represents my vision of a changing world as the average global temperature (AGT) climbs from the current 19°C to 24°C in the next 130 years.
The history of life begins earlier than the Phanerozoic. Some species of early life have been dat... more The history of life begins earlier than the Phanerozoic. Some species of early life have been dated to about 800 million years ago (MYA). Current theory proposes that all terrestrial life came from the early sea life that eventually ventured onto land in an evolutionary process that progressed over the hundreds of millions of years since that early beginning. It appears that parts of the earth have always provided niche habitats with local temperatures able to sustain the early ectothermic life, including during the Cryogenian Ice Age. The earth began a warming trend when the Cryogenian Ice Age ended. A major thrust to the origination and diversification of plant and animal life occurred in niche environments of the late Precambrian Period; a period of time called the Ediacaran (or Vendian) that coincided in the time the earth was recovering from the Cryogenian ice age. The warming trend peaked at about 26 degrees centigrade (°C) in the early Cambrian Period, about 540MYA. Marine life “exploded” in the climate stable niche habitats occupied during the early to mid-Cambrian Period. However, as the AGT changed the climate conditions of the habitats altered and the life within the habitats reacted to the change. The impact on life caused by the cycling AGT continued throughout the Phanerozoic Eon. Paleoclimate history shows that earth’s “average” climate is in a slow but perpetual state of change as the average global temperature (AGT) swings from ice age lows to arid-bleak high temperature peaks. The measure applied to detect the direction of climate change is the AGT. If the AGT increases earth’s overall climate state will be warmer but if the AGT decreases its overall climate state will be cooler. A previous assessment of earth’s cycling AGT indicates that the cycle of cool, to warm, and back to cool, has a time of 150 million years (MYs). Current global warming theory states that the cause of earth warming is the increasing amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) injected into the atmosphere by human consumption of fossil fuels. However, it does not give confidence that CO2 is the cause when the historic data of both the AGT and the atmospheric concentration of CO2 (ACCO2) are compared. The two (2) data elements do not correlate throughout the Phanerozoic as life has much to do about the consumption of CO2 and several processes can return the CO2 to the atmosphere. An alternative method to test the validity of a “sun driven” cycling AGT is to assess the progress of life during a cycle of 150MYs. The basis for choosing life as a comparison is that any one (1) life species only survives where its habitat provides it with its basic necessities of bearable temperature, food and water. This article indicates that a close correlation is achieved when considering the relationship between life “mass” and the fluctuating AGT. The article also introduces the role tectonic activity plays in altering the climate of habitats and describes how tectonic activity can, independently or in combination with the AGT, alter a habitat to promote or demote life during a 150 million year solar cycle (150MYSC).
Causes of Variations in Dinosaur Genera Concurrent Existences , 2023
The Mesozoic is known as the age of dinosaurs. The era began 250MYA and ended 66MYA. Fossils of d... more The Mesozoic is known as the age of dinosaurs. The era began 250MYA and ended 66MYA. Fossils of dinosaurs have been found around the earth, on all continents. The fossils indicate that dinosaurs existed for about 170 of the 185 million years of the Mesozoic Era. An investigation on their existence patterns identified that the opening of suitable habitat supported the originations of long lived dinosaur genera. They proliferated in their available habitats until the supportive environmental conditions changed. Then the genera particular to that habitat became extinct. The study shows that habitats in which the dinosaur genera originated, or became extinct, changed in their climate conditions and, hence, their ability to support, or to not support, dinosaur genera. The causes were either that the average global temperature (AGT) had increased or decreased or tectonic activity moved the continental plates about creating conditions or placing them in locations unfavourable to the dinosaur genera. Either of these influences, individually or in combination, altered the environmental conditions of the established habitat. This study, based on the concept of the number of dinosaur genera that existed at the same time in each of the continents (concurrent existences), identifies whether originations or extinctions of dinosaur genera were the result of environmental change caused by increases or reductions in the AGT, tectonic activity or a combination of the two. It can also be used as an indicator of an AGT potential discrepancy if life mass was significantly reduced without a known change in climate.
Comments on Dr. R. Wentworth’s response to Terigi Ciccone’s: Revised, Why can’t CO2 and Greenhouse effects cause global Warming? (overview), 2022
This article is commenting on Dr Wentworth's response to Mr Ciccone's article "Why can't CO2 and ... more This article is commenting on Dr Wentworth's response to Mr Ciccone's article "Why can't CO2 and Greenhouse effects cause global Warming?.
Earth's Energy Balance and Thermodynamic Properties, 2022
This article theorises that the earth is an entity in the solar system that has properties that p... more This article theorises that the earth is an entity in the solar system that has properties that promotes life supported by the level of warmth from two (2) principle sources of heat: 1. The sun-that, together with the earth's biospheric properties, elevates the earth's status above a black body and supplies the warmth that maintains the conditions for life. 2. The earth's mantle and core supplying heat in a volume that is continuous but subject to variability dependent on the thickness of the earth's crust, extent of fissures in seafloor ridges, the movement of the continental and oceanic plates and subduction (or obduction) events. The interactivity of the heat released from the two (2) sources is considered in terms of the Laws of Thermodynamics and the Conservation of matter and Energy as, together, they have an effect on the earth which initiates a reconsideration of the current concept of the Earth's Energy Balance and causes of global warming.
A faunal approach to understanding ice core data, Milankovitch cycles, the AGT and Ice Ages, 2022
The temperature variations identified in ice cores from the Polar Regions are often stated to bei... more The temperature variations identified in ice cores from the Polar Regions are often stated to being representative of the general climatic conditions that applied throughout the earth. However, when evaluating the earth’s climate throughout the progress of the ice age it appears that the data identified from the ice core only applies to the location that the ice core was extracted from. Current assessments of earth’s recent past climate zones and environmental conditions based on ice core data (the last 800,000 years) and the assertion of the Milankovitch cycles ignore the life cycle of animals that have existed since the Mesozoic Era and the climate conditions necessary to ensure their survival. When investigating the role of climate in the survival of ectothermic fauna it shows that habitats did not change to the extent that the fauna became extinct when either the ice age reached its lowest temperature point or at any time during the repetitive interglacial periods. In effect, paleoclimate and life distribution data shows that ice ages are times when climate change causes an initial period of life devastation (as the build up to ice age conditions alters habitats as the earth cools) but then enhances the opportunity for life to emerge and proliferate as new habitats emerge elsewhere enhanced by the lower average global temperature (AGT). The expansion and contraction of the area a climate zone occupies appears to be a seamless progressive process that repeats as the AGT swings from a low temperature to a high temperature point and back.
Fascism - a response to A Ginestet's article 210320 Discurso Antifascistica, 2021
Having read through the "Discurso Antifascista" paper I now understand the approach taken by the ... more Having read through the "Discurso Antifascista" paper I now understand the approach taken by the author in preparing his thoughts and assessment of the subject matter by writing it in several European languages. But translating a language into another is very simple when compared to defining the complexity of behavioural and personality traits associated with an individual, or a group, that applies fascism, particularly extreme fascism, in their mode of conduct and governance; complexities associated with defining what fascism is that the author acknowledges in the "Discurso Antifascista" article. My understanding of fascism is based on discussions with people that lived in Italy through the Mussolini era and suffered the atrocities of WWII (the period of time when violent and repressive fascism was rife), on articles on the subject of fascism that I read and on personal and anecdotal experiences. The following are my comments and opinions as an opening for discussion that could lead to an enhancement of my understanding of the terms "fascist" and "fascism" in the eyes of others with alternative perspectives.
Comments on T. Ciccone’s paper of 20 May 2021: Sea level Hysteria and distortions, 2021
Please note that my comments have been entered in a red font to distinguish them from the origina... more Please note that my comments have been entered in a red font to distinguish them from the original content of the publication. Global warming alarmists continue sounding alarms. Politicians, actors, and "climate activists" warn us regularly that meltwater from massive ice sheets in the Antarctic, the Arctic, and glaciers around the world will soon drown our coastal towns and cities, and the process will become "irreversible." Only irreversible until the next ice age of a magnitude of the one we are exiting from today. That's in about 300 million years. Graphic photo shopped pictures of New York skyscrapers show water reaching many upper floors. Miami is shown vanishing under the sea. The Solomon Islands will disappear under the sea. i All these examples, and more, are a good indication of what is bound to happen if all the fresh water contained in the Polar Regions melts. All this, as a result of increased CO2 that is warming the Earth and melting the ice. All this to gain support for their plan to stop burning fossil fuels and ultimately subjugate us with wind and solar energy, requiring rationing energy to all. But fundamental data and facts do not support this hysteria. Looking at Figure 1, ii we notice in the last 140 years. The oceans have risen only about Nine inches. A rise equal to the thickness of several pieces of paper a year.
The amplification of atmospheric oxygen concentration by measurement of oxygen residue in Carboniferous and Permian Period sedimentary rock, 2021
Recent results of investigations into the past levels of atmospheric oxygen concentrations source... more Recent results of investigations into the past levels of atmospheric oxygen concentrations sourced from oxygen content analysis of sedimentary rock from the Carboniferous and Permian Periods show a substantial, and questionable, increase in the atmospheric concentration of oxygen when compared to the reduction in atmospheric carbon dioxide for the same period of time. It is proposed that the process of conversion of plant and animal matter into coal and oil below the earth’s surface amplifies the oxygen content in sedimentary rocks, and other source materials used as references in the period strata, by trapping additional oxygen as the sediment is compressed into an impermeable rock mass.
Atmospheric Water Turnover The Primary Driver of Global Warming, 2021
It was shown in the article, Variability of the Total Solar Irradiance, Fiori, W., 2021, availabl... more It was shown in the article, Variability of the Total Solar Irradiance, Fiori, W., 2021, available at academia.edu, that during the last 2.1 million years (MYs) the sun contributed, on average, an amount of residual energy that elevated the average global temperature (AGT) of the earth by 1.3° Centigrade (C)/MYs. Recent direct measurements of the land-ocean temperature anomaly reported by NOAA showed that the rate of growth in the AGT was 0.17°C for the decade that ended in 2016 R16. The 0.17°C per decade represents a value of 17,000°C/MYs. The difference in the two values (16,998.7°C/MYs) is the rate global warming is accelerated by anthropogenic activities. It is a greater contributor to ocean warming than the sun’s insolation striking the surface of the oceans It is proposed that: “The current rate of global warming is caused by anthropogenic emissions of energy (in the form of heat) together with water vapour, carbon dioxide (CO2) and other gases into the biosphere from potential energy sources. The heat energy and water vapour resulting from their combustion or reaction enters the environment either directly at the source or after the energy is used to perform work. The anthropogenic emissions of heat stimulate the cycling time of the hydrologic cycle, causes the volume of atmospheric water turnover to increase and greenhouse gases (GHG) to add to the volume of atmospheric GHG. The stimulated hydrologic cycle increases water turnover, captures more of the heat in the atmosphere and takes it into the ocean heat store in a perpetual cycle as the earth warms.” During a natural warming trend more heat accumulates in the ocean after each day/night cycle stopping only when the Total Solar Irradiance reaches its plateau value and a cooling trend begins.
Walter Fiori – Response to William F. Drischler’s “A reply to Walter Fiori’s paper 'Atmospheric water turnover – A primary driver of global warming' (5/4/2021).
A reply to Walter Fiori's paper 'Atmospheric water turnover-A primary driver of global warming' (... more A reply to Walter Fiori's paper 'Atmospheric water turnover-A primary driver of global warming' (5/4/2021). ==================================================== ABSTRACT. Researchers studying the recent rise in ocean temperatures in the context of global warming, i.e., rise in average global temperatures (AGT) have been conducting a flabbergasting waltz around the exponentially increasing growth in ocean floor volcanic heating in recent decades. Ocean floor volcanic heating is responsible for virtually all ocean heating, and when combined with atmospheric volcano heating, accounts for circa 95% of recent global warming increases. Anthropogenic causes of recent increases in global warming account for under 5% of the total, and recent special solar activity accounts for 0.0%. Please provide the references and the data for these statements. I would like to know who the researchers are. At the moment, without references, it is an open and contentious statement. The only data available (see reference noted later) is that the top 2000mts of the oceans has warmed considerably but not at the sea floor. The exponential increase in ocean floor and atmospheric volcanoes originates in a steadily expanding roiling and riling of the earth's molten core caused by extra-planetary forces which are not solar, a process which relentlessly shoots heat heat up to the the surface and steers rainfall and evaporation patterns while creating new
Correlating the emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) to the rapid increases in the measured average ... more Correlating the emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) to the rapid increases in the measured average global temperature (AGT) anomaly does not confirm that the emissions of CO2 are the cause of the increasing AGT anomaly. The article, The Issue with Carbon Dioxide as the Primary Driver of Global Warming, Fiori, W., 2021, identifies CO2 as being the primary driver of biomass. It excludes CO2 from having the properties to drive global warming. Considering that the increasing AGT anomaly is not caused by the emissions of CO2, however, poses the question of what could be an alternative cause. The sun, the principle driver of earth's temperature and climate, emits an amount of irradiation, called the Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) that could be responsible for the rate of increase of the AGT as measured and assessed during the last 120 years. The suspicion that the sun could be the driver of the current rate of global warming is reinforced by the knowledge that the sun is known to exhibit short term periods when its TSI increases and decreases. This paper discusses the TSI and the manner that it applies when assessed in terms of the varying average global temperature during the last 610 million years. Turn points in the average global temperature are considered and the value for the TSI at a plateau of a turn point is determined. Average global temperature trends are shown to proceed at an average rate of +/-0.3W/m2 with infrequent higher rates of change. A conclusion reached is that the TSI is not the driver of the current rate of warming as measured.
The Issue with Carbon Dioxide as the Primary Driver of Climate Change, 2021
The paper discusses the purpose of carbon dioxide to life and the issue with considering it as th... more The paper discusses the purpose of carbon dioxide to life and the issue with considering it as the driver of global warming. The discussion describes the reasons why carbon dioxide could not be the driver of global warming by reference to climate change and tectonic events of the Palaeozoic. In particular, the document points to the times when the average global temperature reaches a turn point and there is no evidence that the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide had an opportunity to cause the prevailing trend to change and continue in the opposite direction. Reference is also made to the impact trees, coal and oil had on diminishing the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide and that there was an increase in oxygenation when that occurred. Conclusions reached include that the role of carbon dioxide as the driver of biomass and not climate change.
Covid-19: The Second Wave An update to the article: “Covid-19: Its distribution and varying impact around the world”, 2021
Covid-19: The Second Wave, Follows on from the previous published work, Covid-19: Its distributio... more Covid-19: The Second Wave, Follows on from the previous published work, Covid-19: Its distribution and varying impact around the world, and discusses the observations of the distribution of the virus, its flow and impact throughout the world during the second half of 2020.
The analogy regarding the mammoth, as it relates to the fictional story in the essay, reflected v... more The analogy regarding the mammoth, as it relates to the fictional story in the essay, reflected various points of violence that can be defined as: "Behaviour or treatment in which physical force is exerted for the purpose of causing damage or injury." Quote from https://www.thefreedictionary.com/violence In the fictional story the reason for violence is not for the sake of violence alone. The "violence" in the story occurs at three (3) levels of behaviour and action: 1. Premeditated violence. 2. Consequential violence. 3. Impulsive violence. The following conveys my understanding of both the wine and mammoth examples in essay WCC2 deliberated on in terms of violence and complexity. The individual and group behaviour and the action of "violence" is a cause and effect sequence as explained below. Example 1: Fermentation of wine. The case presented in this example appears to be one of "application of violence for opportunity" (opportunistic consequential violence) rather than a running course of complexity. The structural boundaries of the bacteria's containment universe, the bottle into which they are injected, alters the dimensions that would otherwise sustain their existence in an open environment where chance and opportunity are the most prevalent obstacles the bacteria have to overcome. The response from the bacteria is an aspect of behavioural genetic programming defined by the term "instinct". The response happens whenever a stimulus applies that causes the instinctive behaviour to surface.
The process of birth, growth, death and decomposition is a recycling feature of all life on earth... more The process of birth, growth, death and decomposition is a recycling feature of all life on earth. Humans are not an exception. All life recycles its matter upon death so that new life can grow and have the same opportunity to complete its life cycle. The recycling of the substances used by life is a key feature associated with life and the balance of nature. Life on earth is carbon based. Life’s structure is composed of compounds created by reactions that utilise the limited resources of carbon dioxide (CO2), water and several minerals and metals. When a life type dies a natural force decomposes it; it breaks down into its basic building blocks. It’s a generally efficient process that intends to gives back to the earth what it took from it so that new life can use it. However, the decomposition process is incomplete in the instances later described and residues remain that are not able to be used by new life. A “new” matter that doesn’t recycle back to its constituent parts is the plastic humans produce from the processing of “fossil” fuels. Plastic does not readily decompose and its residue, as waste, is infiltrating life’s domain with dire consequences.
References and comments on the paper: “Frank Mlinar commented on Terigi Cicconi’s paper published March 16, 2024", 2024
I followed Mr. Mlinar’s comments in the abovementioned paper published in academia.edu and would ... more I followed Mr. Mlinar’s comments in the abovementioned paper published in academia.edu and would like to add my comments in the same topic sequence Mr. Mlinar presented his.
The following essay represents my vision of a changing world as the average global temperature (A... more The following essay represents my vision of a changing world as the average global temperature (AGT) climbs from the current 19°C to 24°C in the next 130 years.
The history of life begins earlier than the Phanerozoic. Some species of early life have been dat... more The history of life begins earlier than the Phanerozoic. Some species of early life have been dated to about 800 million years ago (MYA). Current theory proposes that all terrestrial life came from the early sea life that eventually ventured onto land in an evolutionary process that progressed over the hundreds of millions of years since that early beginning. It appears that parts of the earth have always provided niche habitats with local temperatures able to sustain the early ectothermic life, including during the Cryogenian Ice Age. The earth began a warming trend when the Cryogenian Ice Age ended. A major thrust to the origination and diversification of plant and animal life occurred in niche environments of the late Precambrian Period; a period of time called the Ediacaran (or Vendian) that coincided in the time the earth was recovering from the Cryogenian ice age. The warming trend peaked at about 26 degrees centigrade (°C) in the early Cambrian Period, about 540MYA. Marine life “exploded” in the climate stable niche habitats occupied during the early to mid-Cambrian Period. However, as the AGT changed the climate conditions of the habitats altered and the life within the habitats reacted to the change. The impact on life caused by the cycling AGT continued throughout the Phanerozoic Eon. Paleoclimate history shows that earth’s “average” climate is in a slow but perpetual state of change as the average global temperature (AGT) swings from ice age lows to arid-bleak high temperature peaks. The measure applied to detect the direction of climate change is the AGT. If the AGT increases earth’s overall climate state will be warmer but if the AGT decreases its overall climate state will be cooler. A previous assessment of earth’s cycling AGT indicates that the cycle of cool, to warm, and back to cool, has a time of 150 million years (MYs). Current global warming theory states that the cause of earth warming is the increasing amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) injected into the atmosphere by human consumption of fossil fuels. However, it does not give confidence that CO2 is the cause when the historic data of both the AGT and the atmospheric concentration of CO2 (ACCO2) are compared. The two (2) data elements do not correlate throughout the Phanerozoic as life has much to do about the consumption of CO2 and several processes can return the CO2 to the atmosphere. An alternative method to test the validity of a “sun driven” cycling AGT is to assess the progress of life during a cycle of 150MYs. The basis for choosing life as a comparison is that any one (1) life species only survives where its habitat provides it with its basic necessities of bearable temperature, food and water. This article indicates that a close correlation is achieved when considering the relationship between life “mass” and the fluctuating AGT. The article also introduces the role tectonic activity plays in altering the climate of habitats and describes how tectonic activity can, independently or in combination with the AGT, alter a habitat to promote or demote life during a 150 million year solar cycle (150MYSC).
Causes of Variations in Dinosaur Genera Concurrent Existences , 2023
The Mesozoic is known as the age of dinosaurs. The era began 250MYA and ended 66MYA. Fossils of d... more The Mesozoic is known as the age of dinosaurs. The era began 250MYA and ended 66MYA. Fossils of dinosaurs have been found around the earth, on all continents. The fossils indicate that dinosaurs existed for about 170 of the 185 million years of the Mesozoic Era. An investigation on their existence patterns identified that the opening of suitable habitat supported the originations of long lived dinosaur genera. They proliferated in their available habitats until the supportive environmental conditions changed. Then the genera particular to that habitat became extinct. The study shows that habitats in which the dinosaur genera originated, or became extinct, changed in their climate conditions and, hence, their ability to support, or to not support, dinosaur genera. The causes were either that the average global temperature (AGT) had increased or decreased or tectonic activity moved the continental plates about creating conditions or placing them in locations unfavourable to the dinosaur genera. Either of these influences, individually or in combination, altered the environmental conditions of the established habitat. This study, based on the concept of the number of dinosaur genera that existed at the same time in each of the continents (concurrent existences), identifies whether originations or extinctions of dinosaur genera were the result of environmental change caused by increases or reductions in the AGT, tectonic activity or a combination of the two. It can also be used as an indicator of an AGT potential discrepancy if life mass was significantly reduced without a known change in climate.
Comments on Dr. R. Wentworth’s response to Terigi Ciccone’s: Revised, Why can’t CO2 and Greenhouse effects cause global Warming? (overview), 2022
This article is commenting on Dr Wentworth's response to Mr Ciccone's article "Why can't CO2 and ... more This article is commenting on Dr Wentworth's response to Mr Ciccone's article "Why can't CO2 and Greenhouse effects cause global Warming?.
Earth's Energy Balance and Thermodynamic Properties, 2022
This article theorises that the earth is an entity in the solar system that has properties that p... more This article theorises that the earth is an entity in the solar system that has properties that promotes life supported by the level of warmth from two (2) principle sources of heat: 1. The sun-that, together with the earth's biospheric properties, elevates the earth's status above a black body and supplies the warmth that maintains the conditions for life. 2. The earth's mantle and core supplying heat in a volume that is continuous but subject to variability dependent on the thickness of the earth's crust, extent of fissures in seafloor ridges, the movement of the continental and oceanic plates and subduction (or obduction) events. The interactivity of the heat released from the two (2) sources is considered in terms of the Laws of Thermodynamics and the Conservation of matter and Energy as, together, they have an effect on the earth which initiates a reconsideration of the current concept of the Earth's Energy Balance and causes of global warming.
A faunal approach to understanding ice core data, Milankovitch cycles, the AGT and Ice Ages, 2022
The temperature variations identified in ice cores from the Polar Regions are often stated to bei... more The temperature variations identified in ice cores from the Polar Regions are often stated to being representative of the general climatic conditions that applied throughout the earth. However, when evaluating the earth’s climate throughout the progress of the ice age it appears that the data identified from the ice core only applies to the location that the ice core was extracted from. Current assessments of earth’s recent past climate zones and environmental conditions based on ice core data (the last 800,000 years) and the assertion of the Milankovitch cycles ignore the life cycle of animals that have existed since the Mesozoic Era and the climate conditions necessary to ensure their survival. When investigating the role of climate in the survival of ectothermic fauna it shows that habitats did not change to the extent that the fauna became extinct when either the ice age reached its lowest temperature point or at any time during the repetitive interglacial periods. In effect, paleoclimate and life distribution data shows that ice ages are times when climate change causes an initial period of life devastation (as the build up to ice age conditions alters habitats as the earth cools) but then enhances the opportunity for life to emerge and proliferate as new habitats emerge elsewhere enhanced by the lower average global temperature (AGT). The expansion and contraction of the area a climate zone occupies appears to be a seamless progressive process that repeats as the AGT swings from a low temperature to a high temperature point and back.
Fascism - a response to A Ginestet's article 210320 Discurso Antifascistica, 2021
Having read through the "Discurso Antifascista" paper I now understand the approach taken by the ... more Having read through the "Discurso Antifascista" paper I now understand the approach taken by the author in preparing his thoughts and assessment of the subject matter by writing it in several European languages. But translating a language into another is very simple when compared to defining the complexity of behavioural and personality traits associated with an individual, or a group, that applies fascism, particularly extreme fascism, in their mode of conduct and governance; complexities associated with defining what fascism is that the author acknowledges in the "Discurso Antifascista" article. My understanding of fascism is based on discussions with people that lived in Italy through the Mussolini era and suffered the atrocities of WWII (the period of time when violent and repressive fascism was rife), on articles on the subject of fascism that I read and on personal and anecdotal experiences. The following are my comments and opinions as an opening for discussion that could lead to an enhancement of my understanding of the terms "fascist" and "fascism" in the eyes of others with alternative perspectives.
Comments on T. Ciccone’s paper of 20 May 2021: Sea level Hysteria and distortions, 2021
Please note that my comments have been entered in a red font to distinguish them from the origina... more Please note that my comments have been entered in a red font to distinguish them from the original content of the publication. Global warming alarmists continue sounding alarms. Politicians, actors, and "climate activists" warn us regularly that meltwater from massive ice sheets in the Antarctic, the Arctic, and glaciers around the world will soon drown our coastal towns and cities, and the process will become "irreversible." Only irreversible until the next ice age of a magnitude of the one we are exiting from today. That's in about 300 million years. Graphic photo shopped pictures of New York skyscrapers show water reaching many upper floors. Miami is shown vanishing under the sea. The Solomon Islands will disappear under the sea. i All these examples, and more, are a good indication of what is bound to happen if all the fresh water contained in the Polar Regions melts. All this, as a result of increased CO2 that is warming the Earth and melting the ice. All this to gain support for their plan to stop burning fossil fuels and ultimately subjugate us with wind and solar energy, requiring rationing energy to all. But fundamental data and facts do not support this hysteria. Looking at Figure 1, ii we notice in the last 140 years. The oceans have risen only about Nine inches. A rise equal to the thickness of several pieces of paper a year.
The amplification of atmospheric oxygen concentration by measurement of oxygen residue in Carboniferous and Permian Period sedimentary rock, 2021
Recent results of investigations into the past levels of atmospheric oxygen concentrations source... more Recent results of investigations into the past levels of atmospheric oxygen concentrations sourced from oxygen content analysis of sedimentary rock from the Carboniferous and Permian Periods show a substantial, and questionable, increase in the atmospheric concentration of oxygen when compared to the reduction in atmospheric carbon dioxide for the same period of time. It is proposed that the process of conversion of plant and animal matter into coal and oil below the earth’s surface amplifies the oxygen content in sedimentary rocks, and other source materials used as references in the period strata, by trapping additional oxygen as the sediment is compressed into an impermeable rock mass.
Atmospheric Water Turnover The Primary Driver of Global Warming, 2021
It was shown in the article, Variability of the Total Solar Irradiance, Fiori, W., 2021, availabl... more It was shown in the article, Variability of the Total Solar Irradiance, Fiori, W., 2021, available at academia.edu, that during the last 2.1 million years (MYs) the sun contributed, on average, an amount of residual energy that elevated the average global temperature (AGT) of the earth by 1.3° Centigrade (C)/MYs. Recent direct measurements of the land-ocean temperature anomaly reported by NOAA showed that the rate of growth in the AGT was 0.17°C for the decade that ended in 2016 R16. The 0.17°C per decade represents a value of 17,000°C/MYs. The difference in the two values (16,998.7°C/MYs) is the rate global warming is accelerated by anthropogenic activities. It is a greater contributor to ocean warming than the sun’s insolation striking the surface of the oceans It is proposed that: “The current rate of global warming is caused by anthropogenic emissions of energy (in the form of heat) together with water vapour, carbon dioxide (CO2) and other gases into the biosphere from potential energy sources. The heat energy and water vapour resulting from their combustion or reaction enters the environment either directly at the source or after the energy is used to perform work. The anthropogenic emissions of heat stimulate the cycling time of the hydrologic cycle, causes the volume of atmospheric water turnover to increase and greenhouse gases (GHG) to add to the volume of atmospheric GHG. The stimulated hydrologic cycle increases water turnover, captures more of the heat in the atmosphere and takes it into the ocean heat store in a perpetual cycle as the earth warms.” During a natural warming trend more heat accumulates in the ocean after each day/night cycle stopping only when the Total Solar Irradiance reaches its plateau value and a cooling trend begins.
Walter Fiori – Response to William F. Drischler’s “A reply to Walter Fiori’s paper 'Atmospheric water turnover – A primary driver of global warming' (5/4/2021).
A reply to Walter Fiori's paper 'Atmospheric water turnover-A primary driver of global warming' (... more A reply to Walter Fiori's paper 'Atmospheric water turnover-A primary driver of global warming' (5/4/2021). ==================================================== ABSTRACT. Researchers studying the recent rise in ocean temperatures in the context of global warming, i.e., rise in average global temperatures (AGT) have been conducting a flabbergasting waltz around the exponentially increasing growth in ocean floor volcanic heating in recent decades. Ocean floor volcanic heating is responsible for virtually all ocean heating, and when combined with atmospheric volcano heating, accounts for circa 95% of recent global warming increases. Anthropogenic causes of recent increases in global warming account for under 5% of the total, and recent special solar activity accounts for 0.0%. Please provide the references and the data for these statements. I would like to know who the researchers are. At the moment, without references, it is an open and contentious statement. The only data available (see reference noted later) is that the top 2000mts of the oceans has warmed considerably but not at the sea floor. The exponential increase in ocean floor and atmospheric volcanoes originates in a steadily expanding roiling and riling of the earth's molten core caused by extra-planetary forces which are not solar, a process which relentlessly shoots heat heat up to the the surface and steers rainfall and evaporation patterns while creating new
Correlating the emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) to the rapid increases in the measured average ... more Correlating the emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) to the rapid increases in the measured average global temperature (AGT) anomaly does not confirm that the emissions of CO2 are the cause of the increasing AGT anomaly. The article, The Issue with Carbon Dioxide as the Primary Driver of Global Warming, Fiori, W., 2021, identifies CO2 as being the primary driver of biomass. It excludes CO2 from having the properties to drive global warming. Considering that the increasing AGT anomaly is not caused by the emissions of CO2, however, poses the question of what could be an alternative cause. The sun, the principle driver of earth's temperature and climate, emits an amount of irradiation, called the Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) that could be responsible for the rate of increase of the AGT as measured and assessed during the last 120 years. The suspicion that the sun could be the driver of the current rate of global warming is reinforced by the knowledge that the sun is known to exhibit short term periods when its TSI increases and decreases. This paper discusses the TSI and the manner that it applies when assessed in terms of the varying average global temperature during the last 610 million years. Turn points in the average global temperature are considered and the value for the TSI at a plateau of a turn point is determined. Average global temperature trends are shown to proceed at an average rate of +/-0.3W/m2 with infrequent higher rates of change. A conclusion reached is that the TSI is not the driver of the current rate of warming as measured.
The Issue with Carbon Dioxide as the Primary Driver of Climate Change, 2021
The paper discusses the purpose of carbon dioxide to life and the issue with considering it as th... more The paper discusses the purpose of carbon dioxide to life and the issue with considering it as the driver of global warming. The discussion describes the reasons why carbon dioxide could not be the driver of global warming by reference to climate change and tectonic events of the Palaeozoic. In particular, the document points to the times when the average global temperature reaches a turn point and there is no evidence that the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide had an opportunity to cause the prevailing trend to change and continue in the opposite direction. Reference is also made to the impact trees, coal and oil had on diminishing the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide and that there was an increase in oxygenation when that occurred. Conclusions reached include that the role of carbon dioxide as the driver of biomass and not climate change.
Covid-19: The Second Wave An update to the article: “Covid-19: Its distribution and varying impact around the world”, 2021
Covid-19: The Second Wave, Follows on from the previous published work, Covid-19: Its distributio... more Covid-19: The Second Wave, Follows on from the previous published work, Covid-19: Its distribution and varying impact around the world, and discusses the observations of the distribution of the virus, its flow and impact throughout the world during the second half of 2020.
The analogy regarding the mammoth, as it relates to the fictional story in the essay, reflected v... more The analogy regarding the mammoth, as it relates to the fictional story in the essay, reflected various points of violence that can be defined as: "Behaviour or treatment in which physical force is exerted for the purpose of causing damage or injury." Quote from https://www.thefreedictionary.com/violence In the fictional story the reason for violence is not for the sake of violence alone. The "violence" in the story occurs at three (3) levels of behaviour and action: 1. Premeditated violence. 2. Consequential violence. 3. Impulsive violence. The following conveys my understanding of both the wine and mammoth examples in essay WCC2 deliberated on in terms of violence and complexity. The individual and group behaviour and the action of "violence" is a cause and effect sequence as explained below. Example 1: Fermentation of wine. The case presented in this example appears to be one of "application of violence for opportunity" (opportunistic consequential violence) rather than a running course of complexity. The structural boundaries of the bacteria's containment universe, the bottle into which they are injected, alters the dimensions that would otherwise sustain their existence in an open environment where chance and opportunity are the most prevalent obstacles the bacteria have to overcome. The response from the bacteria is an aspect of behavioural genetic programming defined by the term "instinct". The response happens whenever a stimulus applies that causes the instinctive behaviour to surface.
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Life on earth is carbon based. Life’s structure is composed of compounds created by reactions that utilise the limited resources of carbon dioxide (CO2), water and several minerals and metals. When a life type dies a natural force decomposes it; it breaks down into its basic building blocks. It’s a generally efficient process that intends to gives back to the earth what it took from it so that new life can use it. However, the decomposition process is incomplete in the instances later described and residues remain that are not able to be used by new life.
A “new” matter that doesn’t recycle back to its constituent parts is the plastic humans produce from the processing of “fossil” fuels. Plastic does not readily decompose and its residue, as waste, is infiltrating life’s domain with dire consequences.
The earth began a warming trend when the Cryogenian Ice Age ended. A major thrust to the origination and diversification of plant and animal life occurred in niche environments of the late Precambrian Period; a period of time called the Ediacaran (or Vendian) that coincided in the time the earth was recovering from the Cryogenian ice age.
The warming trend peaked at about 26 degrees centigrade (°C) in the early Cambrian Period, about 540MYA. Marine life “exploded” in the climate stable niche habitats occupied during the early to mid-Cambrian Period.
However, as the AGT changed the climate conditions of the habitats altered and the life within the habitats reacted to the change. The impact on life caused by the cycling AGT continued throughout the Phanerozoic Eon.
Paleoclimate history shows that earth’s “average” climate is in a slow but perpetual state of change as the average global temperature (AGT) swings from ice age lows to arid-bleak high temperature peaks.
The measure applied to detect the direction of climate change is the AGT.
If the AGT increases earth’s overall climate state will be warmer but if the AGT decreases its overall climate state will be cooler. A previous assessment of earth’s cycling AGT indicates that the cycle of cool, to warm, and back to cool, has a time of 150 million years (MYs).
Current global warming theory states that the cause of earth warming is the increasing amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) injected into the atmosphere by human consumption of fossil fuels. However, it does not give confidence that CO2 is the cause when the historic data of both the AGT and the atmospheric concentration of CO2 (ACCO2) are compared. The two (2) data elements do not correlate throughout the Phanerozoic as life has much to do about the consumption of CO2 and several processes can return the CO2 to the atmosphere.
An alternative method to test the validity of a “sun driven” cycling AGT is to assess the progress of life during a cycle of 150MYs. The basis for choosing life as a comparison is that any one (1) life species only survives where its habitat provides it with its basic necessities of bearable temperature, food and water. This article indicates that a close correlation is achieved when considering the relationship between life “mass” and the fluctuating AGT.
The article also introduces the role tectonic activity plays in altering the climate of habitats and describes how tectonic activity can, independently or in combination with the AGT, alter a habitat to promote or demote life during a 150 million year solar cycle (150MYSC).
An investigation on their existence patterns identified that the opening of suitable habitat supported the originations of long lived dinosaur genera. They proliferated in their available habitats until the supportive environmental conditions changed. Then the genera particular to that habitat became extinct.
The study shows that habitats in which the dinosaur genera originated, or became extinct, changed in their climate conditions and, hence, their ability to support, or to not support, dinosaur genera. The causes were either that the average global temperature (AGT) had increased or decreased or tectonic activity moved the continental plates about creating conditions or placing them in locations unfavourable to the dinosaur genera. Either of these influences, individually or in combination, altered the environmental conditions of the established habitat.
This study, based on the concept of the number of dinosaur genera that existed at the same time in each of the continents (concurrent existences), identifies whether originations or extinctions of dinosaur genera were the result of environmental change caused by increases or reductions in the AGT, tectonic activity or a combination of the two. It can also be used as an indicator of an AGT potential discrepancy if life mass was significantly reduced without a known change in climate.
Current assessments of earth’s recent past climate zones and environmental conditions based on ice core data (the last 800,000 years) and the assertion of the Milankovitch cycles ignore the life cycle of animals that have existed since the Mesozoic Era and the climate conditions necessary to ensure their survival. When investigating the role of climate in the survival of ectothermic fauna it shows that habitats did not change to the extent that the fauna became extinct when either the ice age reached its lowest temperature point or at any time during the repetitive interglacial periods.
In effect, paleoclimate and life distribution data shows that ice ages are times when climate change causes an initial period of life devastation (as the build up to ice age conditions alters habitats as the earth cools) but then enhances the opportunity for life to emerge and proliferate as new habitats emerge elsewhere enhanced by the lower average global temperature (AGT). The expansion and contraction of the area a climate zone occupies appears to be a seamless progressive process that repeats as the AGT swings from a low temperature to a high temperature point and back.
It is proposed that the process of conversion of plant and animal matter into coal and oil below the earth’s surface amplifies the oxygen content in sedimentary rocks, and other source materials used as references in the period strata, by trapping additional oxygen as the sediment is compressed into an impermeable rock mass.
Recent direct measurements of the land-ocean temperature anomaly reported by NOAA showed that the rate of growth in the AGT was 0.17°C for the decade that ended in 2016 R16. The 0.17°C per decade represents a value of 17,000°C/MYs.
The difference in the two values (16,998.7°C/MYs) is the rate global warming is accelerated by anthropogenic activities. It is a greater contributor to ocean warming than the sun’s insolation striking the surface of the oceans
It is proposed that:
“The current rate of global warming is caused by anthropogenic emissions of energy (in the form of heat) together with water vapour, carbon dioxide (CO2) and other gases into the biosphere from potential energy sources. The heat energy and water vapour resulting from their combustion or reaction enters the environment either directly at the source or after the energy is used to perform work. The anthropogenic emissions of heat stimulate the cycling time of the hydrologic cycle, causes the volume of atmospheric water turnover to increase and greenhouse gases (GHG) to add to the volume of atmospheric GHG. The stimulated hydrologic cycle increases water turnover, captures more of the heat in the atmosphere and takes it into the ocean heat store in a perpetual cycle as the earth warms.”
During a natural warming trend more heat accumulates in the ocean after each day/night cycle stopping only when the Total Solar Irradiance reaches its plateau value and a cooling trend begins.
Life on earth is carbon based. Life’s structure is composed of compounds created by reactions that utilise the limited resources of carbon dioxide (CO2), water and several minerals and metals. When a life type dies a natural force decomposes it; it breaks down into its basic building blocks. It’s a generally efficient process that intends to gives back to the earth what it took from it so that new life can use it. However, the decomposition process is incomplete in the instances later described and residues remain that are not able to be used by new life.
A “new” matter that doesn’t recycle back to its constituent parts is the plastic humans produce from the processing of “fossil” fuels. Plastic does not readily decompose and its residue, as waste, is infiltrating life’s domain with dire consequences.
The earth began a warming trend when the Cryogenian Ice Age ended. A major thrust to the origination and diversification of plant and animal life occurred in niche environments of the late Precambrian Period; a period of time called the Ediacaran (or Vendian) that coincided in the time the earth was recovering from the Cryogenian ice age.
The warming trend peaked at about 26 degrees centigrade (°C) in the early Cambrian Period, about 540MYA. Marine life “exploded” in the climate stable niche habitats occupied during the early to mid-Cambrian Period.
However, as the AGT changed the climate conditions of the habitats altered and the life within the habitats reacted to the change. The impact on life caused by the cycling AGT continued throughout the Phanerozoic Eon.
Paleoclimate history shows that earth’s “average” climate is in a slow but perpetual state of change as the average global temperature (AGT) swings from ice age lows to arid-bleak high temperature peaks.
The measure applied to detect the direction of climate change is the AGT.
If the AGT increases earth’s overall climate state will be warmer but if the AGT decreases its overall climate state will be cooler. A previous assessment of earth’s cycling AGT indicates that the cycle of cool, to warm, and back to cool, has a time of 150 million years (MYs).
Current global warming theory states that the cause of earth warming is the increasing amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) injected into the atmosphere by human consumption of fossil fuels. However, it does not give confidence that CO2 is the cause when the historic data of both the AGT and the atmospheric concentration of CO2 (ACCO2) are compared. The two (2) data elements do not correlate throughout the Phanerozoic as life has much to do about the consumption of CO2 and several processes can return the CO2 to the atmosphere.
An alternative method to test the validity of a “sun driven” cycling AGT is to assess the progress of life during a cycle of 150MYs. The basis for choosing life as a comparison is that any one (1) life species only survives where its habitat provides it with its basic necessities of bearable temperature, food and water. This article indicates that a close correlation is achieved when considering the relationship between life “mass” and the fluctuating AGT.
The article also introduces the role tectonic activity plays in altering the climate of habitats and describes how tectonic activity can, independently or in combination with the AGT, alter a habitat to promote or demote life during a 150 million year solar cycle (150MYSC).
An investigation on their existence patterns identified that the opening of suitable habitat supported the originations of long lived dinosaur genera. They proliferated in their available habitats until the supportive environmental conditions changed. Then the genera particular to that habitat became extinct.
The study shows that habitats in which the dinosaur genera originated, or became extinct, changed in their climate conditions and, hence, their ability to support, or to not support, dinosaur genera. The causes were either that the average global temperature (AGT) had increased or decreased or tectonic activity moved the continental plates about creating conditions or placing them in locations unfavourable to the dinosaur genera. Either of these influences, individually or in combination, altered the environmental conditions of the established habitat.
This study, based on the concept of the number of dinosaur genera that existed at the same time in each of the continents (concurrent existences), identifies whether originations or extinctions of dinosaur genera were the result of environmental change caused by increases or reductions in the AGT, tectonic activity or a combination of the two. It can also be used as an indicator of an AGT potential discrepancy if life mass was significantly reduced without a known change in climate.
Current assessments of earth’s recent past climate zones and environmental conditions based on ice core data (the last 800,000 years) and the assertion of the Milankovitch cycles ignore the life cycle of animals that have existed since the Mesozoic Era and the climate conditions necessary to ensure their survival. When investigating the role of climate in the survival of ectothermic fauna it shows that habitats did not change to the extent that the fauna became extinct when either the ice age reached its lowest temperature point or at any time during the repetitive interglacial periods.
In effect, paleoclimate and life distribution data shows that ice ages are times when climate change causes an initial period of life devastation (as the build up to ice age conditions alters habitats as the earth cools) but then enhances the opportunity for life to emerge and proliferate as new habitats emerge elsewhere enhanced by the lower average global temperature (AGT). The expansion and contraction of the area a climate zone occupies appears to be a seamless progressive process that repeats as the AGT swings from a low temperature to a high temperature point and back.
It is proposed that the process of conversion of plant and animal matter into coal and oil below the earth’s surface amplifies the oxygen content in sedimentary rocks, and other source materials used as references in the period strata, by trapping additional oxygen as the sediment is compressed into an impermeable rock mass.
Recent direct measurements of the land-ocean temperature anomaly reported by NOAA showed that the rate of growth in the AGT was 0.17°C for the decade that ended in 2016 R16. The 0.17°C per decade represents a value of 17,000°C/MYs.
The difference in the two values (16,998.7°C/MYs) is the rate global warming is accelerated by anthropogenic activities. It is a greater contributor to ocean warming than the sun’s insolation striking the surface of the oceans
It is proposed that:
“The current rate of global warming is caused by anthropogenic emissions of energy (in the form of heat) together with water vapour, carbon dioxide (CO2) and other gases into the biosphere from potential energy sources. The heat energy and water vapour resulting from their combustion or reaction enters the environment either directly at the source or after the energy is used to perform work. The anthropogenic emissions of heat stimulate the cycling time of the hydrologic cycle, causes the volume of atmospheric water turnover to increase and greenhouse gases (GHG) to add to the volume of atmospheric GHG. The stimulated hydrologic cycle increases water turnover, captures more of the heat in the atmosphere and takes it into the ocean heat store in a perpetual cycle as the earth warms.”
During a natural warming trend more heat accumulates in the ocean after each day/night cycle stopping only when the Total Solar Irradiance reaches its plateau value and a cooling trend begins.