Abstract

This PEP proposes adding an nb_index slot in PyNumberMethods and an __index__ special method so that arbitrary objects can be used whenever integers are explicitly needed in Python, such as in slice syntax (from which the slot gets its name).

Rationale

Currently integers and long integers play a special role in slicing in that they are the only objects allowed in slice syntax. In other words, if X is an object implementing the sequence protocol, then X[obj1:obj2] is only valid if obj1 and obj2 are both integers or long integers. There is no way for obj1 and obj2 to tell Python that they could be reasonably used as indexes into a sequence. This is an unnecessary limitation.

In NumPy, for example, there are 8 different integer scalars corresponding to unsigned and signed integers of 8, 16, 32, and 64 bits. These type-objects could reasonably be used as integers in many places where Python expects true integers but cannot inherit from the Python integer type because of incompatible memory layouts. There should be some way to be able to tell Python that an object can behave like an integer.

It is not possible to use the nb_int (and __int__ special method) for this purpose because that method is used to coerce objects to integers. It would be inappropriate to allow every object that can be coerced to an integer to be used as an integer everywhere Python expects a true integer. For example, if __int__ were used to convert an object to an integer in slicing, then float objects would be allowed in slicing and x[3.2:5.8] would not raise an error as it should.

Proposal

Add an nb_index slot to PyNumberMethods, and a corresponding __index__ special method. Objects could define a function to place in the nb_index slot that returns a Python integer (either an int or a long). This integer can then be appropriately converted to a Py_ssize_t value whenever Python needs one such as in PySequence_GetSlice, PySequence_SetSlice, and PySequence_DelSlice.

Specification

1. The nb_index slot will have the following signature:

   PyObject *index_func (PyObject *self)
   

   The returned object must be a Python IntType or Python LongType. NULL should be returned on error with an appropriate error set.

2. The __index__ special method will have the signature:

   def __index__(self):
       return obj
   

   where obj must be either an int or a long.

3. 3 new abstract C-API functions will be added
   1. The first checks to see if the object supports the index slot and if it is filled in.

      int PyIndex_Check(obj)
      

      This will return true if the object defines the nb_index slot.

   2. The second is a simple wrapper around the nb_index call that raises PyExc_TypeError if the call is not available or if it doesn’t return an int or long. Because the PyIndex_Check is performed inside the PyNumber_Index call you can call it directly and manage any error rather than check for compatibility first.

      PyObject *PyNumber_Index (PyObject *obj)
      

   3. The third call helps deal with the common situation of actually needing a Py_ssize_t value from the object to use for indexing or other needs.

      Py_ssize_t PyNumber_AsSsize_t(PyObject *obj, PyObject *exc)
      

      The function calls the nb_index slot of obj if it is available and then converts the returned Python integer into a Py_ssize_t value. If this goes well, then the value is returned. The second argument allows control over what happens if the integer returned from nb_index cannot fit into a Py_ssize_t value.

      If exc is NULL, then the returned value will be clipped to PY_SSIZE_T_MAX or PY_SSIZE_T_MIN depending on whether the nb_index slot of obj returned a positive or negative integer. If exc is non-NULL, then it is the error object that will be set to replace the PyExc_OverflowError that was raised when the Python integer or long was converted to Py_ssize_t.

4. A new operator.index(obj) function will be added that calls equivalent of obj.__index__() and raises an error if obj does not implement the special method.

Implementation Plan

1. Add the nb_index slot in object.h and modify typeobject.c to create the __index__ method
2. Change the ISINT macro in ceval.c to ISINDEX and alter it to accommodate objects with the index slot defined.
3. Change the _PyEval_SliceIndex function to accommodate objects with the index slot defined.
4. Change all builtin objects (e.g. lists) that use the as_mapping slots for subscript access and use a special-check for integers to check for the slot as well.
5. Add the nb_index slot to integers and long_integers (which just return themselves)
6. Add PyNumber_Index C-API to return an integer from any Python Object that has the nb_index slot.
7. Add the operator.index(x) function.
8. Alter arrayobject.c and mmapmodule.c to use the new C-API for their sub-scripting and other needs.
9. Add unit-tests

Discussion Questions

Reference Implementation

Submitted as patch 1436368 to SourceForge.

References

Copyright

This document is placed in the public domain.