WO2024094580A1

WO2024094580A1 - Construction, and method for producing same

Info

Publication number: WO2024094580A1
Application number: PCT/EP2023/080142
Authority: WO
Inventors: Julian Benjamin Berchtold
Original assignee: Iis Institute For Independent Studies Zürich Gmbh
Priority date: 2022-11-03
Filing date: 2023-10-27
Publication date: 2024-05-10

Abstract

The invention relates to a construction, in particular a wall construction, floor construction, ceiling construction and/or roof construction of a building, said construction consisting of: at least two shells that are spaced apart from one another; and an intermediate space which is substantially empty except for structural member components and/or technical components, is filled at least in sections with sound insulation material, vibration insulation material and/or thermal insulation material, is delimited by the shells, and enclosed between said shells. The construction comprises a component framework that includes at least one formwork which partially or completely forms at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells, at least one formwork defining an outer surface of the component framework.

Description

Construction and method of manufacturing the same

Description

Technical area

The invention relates to a construction, in particular a wall, floor, ceiling and/or roof construction of a building comprising at least two shells spaced apart from one another and a space between them which is essentially empty with the exception of supporting structure and/or technical components or can be filled at least in sections with sound, vibration and/or thermal insulation material, delimited by them and enclosed between them. The construction comprises a component framework which includes at least one formwork which partially or completely forms at least one of the at least two shells spaced apart from one another, with at least one formwork defining an outer surface of the component framework.

State of the art

Current commercial practice provides thermal comfort at the expense of sustainability and energy efficiency. A building should achieve the highest possible thermal decoupling by increasing thermal insulation. However, this approach is counterproductive in terms of the overall annual energy balance of a building and leaves the control of room temperature to inefficient heating and cooling systems.

Currently, the thermal function of a building is divided into two independent tasks. On the one hand, this consists of the greatest possible thermal decoupling between the interior and the building environment by means of thermal insulation (passive system) and, on the other hand, the independent conditioning of the interior temperature by means of heating, cooling and ventilation systems (HVAC, active system). However, the increased decoupling between the indoor and outdoor climate does not automatically lead to more energy-efficient buildings. Experience with highly thermally insulated buildings has shown that these can have a negative impact on the overall annual energy balance when internal heat loads are high. The high degree of decoupling leads to an above-average cooling requirement and a lower heating requirement. However, depending on the system used, building cooling requires a higher use of primary energy than heating, which leads to inefficiency in most building categories. The two main problem aspects are - Firstly: During long periods of good weather, highly thermally insulated building envelopes begin to have a counterproductive effect due to the effects of thermal radiation. Due to the high level of insulation, the heat that enters the building envelope can no longer be dissipated; it remains trapped in it and the interior of the building. This results in a constant increase in the surface temperature in the interior rooms, which must be compensated for with conventional room cooling systems. Secondly, the high proportion of glass in today's building envelopes increases the effect of heat entering the building interior due to the difference in wavelength. between radiated and reflected heat radiation (greenhouse effect). In order to maintain thermal comfort, these negative effects must be compensated by an active cooling system, which in some cases drastically increases energy consumption.

With regard to the users' or residents' perception of heat, today's solutions deliver sobering results. The perception of heat in mammals, especially humans, is mainly mediated by the exchange of heat radiation with the environment. Indoors, the surface temperature of the surfaces surrounding us (walls, floors, ceilings, windows, etc.) is the primary source of our perception of heat, whereas the air temperature is only secondary. Due to our evolutionary origins, our physical and psychological well-being is highly linked to the thermal texture of the surfaces surrounding us. Due to human physiology, it is therefore more efficient and economical to control the surface temperatures in indoor spaces than to prepare the air temperature. On the one hand, surface heating systems such as radiators, underfloor heating and heat lamps as well as ceiling cooling panels take this fact into account. On the other hand, the cooling function is mainly carried out with comfort ventilation systems, which can only influence the air temperature. They are therefore highly energy-inefficient in providing thermal comfort. Furthermore, existing surface cooling systems do not yet provide a solution to the dew point problem - it can therefore only be cooled down to slightly above the dew point temperature in order to avoid condensation of the air humidity on the surfaces. This is a major challenge, especially in climates with high humidity.

Another serious disadvantage of existing heating and cooling systems is the fact that in most climate zones there is a pronounced asymmetry between heating and cooling requirements. The systems currently on the market are essentially geared towards the local, primary heat requirement (heating or cooling) and are not able to meet the opposite heat requirement (cooling or heating) or only to a very limited extent. This also contributes to the energy inefficiency of existing heating and cooling systems.

Conventionally, the challenges of building physics are met with a decoupling philosophy. The physical effects from the building environment are decoupled as much as possible and the indoor climate is processed separately via central systems. This is shown by research trends. See e.g. Jelle et al, THE PATH TO THE HIGH-PERFORMANCE THERMAL BUILDING INSULATION MATERIALS AND SOLUTIONS OF TOMORROW, Journal of Building Physics 34 (2) 99, (2010). In addition to conventional insulation materials such as rock and glass wool, fiber and foam, systems with evacuated layers, so-called

Vacuum insulation is used. These are characterized by high thermal insulation performance with a low layer thickness. However, all of these systems are static and lose their insulating effect over time due to evaporation, moisture ingress, damage to the casing and material decomposition. This leads to a steady increase in the heating and cooling requirements of a building. In addition, conventional thermal insulation performs worse in terms of grey energy and CO2 emissions. Emissions potential is poor. The production of conventional thermal insulation is resource and energy intensive. Added to this is volume-intensive transport and the high proportion of manual work during installation.

If, for example, one looks at the development of the heating and cooling requirements of office buildings over the last 40 years, it becomes clear that there is great potential for energy savings with a thermally active building shell. See, for example, Gasser et al, BUILDING TECHNOLOGY. FACTOR 10, Construction + Architecture 4/5 (2005). Today's building practice reveals a deep-seated problem. There is an increasing conflict of objectives: in winter, good thermal insulation is desired to avoid thermal transmission losses, while in summer this is counterproductive. Static thermal insulation cannot meet both of these needs at the same time. The associated thermal disadvantages must be compensated for by the heating and cooling systems available today, which is reflected in a massive increase in energy consumption.

The following trends can be identified with regard to the thermal function of a building. Basically, all supply systems try to reduce the heating and cooling energy requirements. Approaches for building envelopes with variable heat transfer exist. See e.g. US 3,968,831, DE 3,625,454, WO 200,161,118, WO 2,010,122,353, WO 2,011,146,025, WO 2,011,107,731, CH 703,760, DE 102,008,009,553, DE 10,006,878. On the one hand, there are systems with variable heat transfer, which are usually implemented with structural measures (variable awnings and canopies, polarized window glass, variable ventilation ducts within the structure, Trombe Walls). On the other hand, there are a number of construction solutions that integrate phase change materials (PCM), for example. Systems have also been proposed, mainly in panel construction, that contain a cavity for the purpose of evacuating the air contained therein in order to be able to vary the insulation effect. However, the technical effort and the associated installation costs for implementing such solutions are currently disproportionate to the energy cost savings that are promised. By symmetrically combining the heating and cooling functions of a building with a thermally active system, both the heating and cooling energy requirements could be substantially reduced compared to the current situation. See e.g. Loonen et al, EXPLORING THE POTENTIAL OF CLIMATE ADAPTIVE BUILDING SHELLS, in Proceedings of Building Simulation (2011), Caponetto et al, ACTIVE BUILDING ENVELOPES, in Proceedings of PLEA (2013), Ibanez-Puy et al, THEORETICAL DESIGN OF AN ACTIVE FAQADE SYSTEM WITH PELTIER CELLS, in Proceedings of ICAE (2014), Luo et al, ACTIVE BUILDING ENVELOPE SYSTEMS TOWARD RENEWABLE AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY, in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 104 (2019).

Even though sustainability and energy efficiency criteria have now found their way into the planning of both new buildings and renovations, the energy cost savings associated with existing solutions are too small to offset the additional costs of production and installation. It is therefore obvious that sustainability and energy efficiency in the construction industry can only be achieved without funding instruments or increased regulatory pressure with a new type of construction technology that enables substantial cost savings already in the construction phase. With regard to the construction methods widely used today, massive cost savings would be possible with a reduction in the high proportion of manual labor coupled with a substantial increase in the degree of digitalization. This can best be achieved with a two-stage process of prefabrication and final assembly. This approach is widespread in modular construction, with the size and weight of the modules being optimized with regard to workflow, transport and final assembly. However, the degree of automation can still be increased considerably here if the module size is reduced to the point where it allows full machine suitability in prefabrication and the final assembly is compatible with a high degree of automation (construction robotics, additive construction, drone assembly, etc.). See e.g. Rogeau et al, AN INTEGRATED DESIGN TOOL FOR TIMBER PLATE STRUCTURES TO GENERATE JOINTS GEOMETRY, FABRICATION TOOLPATH, AND ROBOT TRAJECTORIES, in Automation in Construction 130 (2021).

The approach of a construction method using a modular component framework is able to eliminate many of the problems and disadvantages mentioned above. Proposals exist, but are mainly oriented towards the static-structural function of a building. Solutions that also include the thermal function, however, still involve the static approach to thermal insulation. See e.g. US 4,075,808, US 4,478,021 , US 5,566,521 , US 5,921 ,046, US 5,964,067, US 6,298,632, US 6,474,033, US 6,993,878, US 7,096,636, US 8,240,108, US 10,273,684, US 10,787,810, US 11 ,391 ,041 .

We are currently not aware of any design or construction method that addresses the challenges mentioned above and solves them in a cost-effective manner.

Description of the invention

The invention is based on the object of specifying a construction which can be produced using a cost-effective construction method and preferably also offers different design options with regard to the supply or removal of heat. Furthermore, a method for producing such a construction is also to be specified.

This object is achieved with a construction according to the features of claim 1 and with a method according to the features of claim 11. Numerous further advantageous embodiments are specified in the subclaims.

Such an advantageous aspect can, in certain embodiments, also consist in specifying an improved construction and/or an improved method for controlling the supply and removal of heat through the construction or for controlling the heat radiation and the temperature inside and/or outside a building. This is achieved in particular by decentralizing the heating and cooling function by means of miniaturized heating and cooling units distributed over the entire surface of the construction and positioned at suitable locations. The invention further aims to provide a construction or a method in which the construction costs of buildings can be massively reduced by digitizing the manufacturing process, thereby improving sustainability and energy efficiency in the construction sector.

In a preferred device aspect of the invention, the construction comprises a component framework which constitutes the basic structure of a building, and a building material which is installed in a loose, flowable or liquid state in specially provided cavities within the component framework. The construction can comprise building or supply technology elements which carry out the thermal insulation as well as the heating and cooling function of the building, in particular by means of thermal radiation. Furthermore, in a specific embodiment, the invention comprises a method for controlling the thermal radiation and the temperature in the interior and/or exterior of a building. Finally, the invention comprises a method for producing the construction, which is divided into a prefabrication step with subsequent pre- and/or final assembly.

The construction, in particular a wall, floor, ceiling and/or roof construction and/or a cantilevered construction such as canopies, balconies or fire walls of a building or any structure, in its general embodiment comprises a component framework which comprises and constitutes at least two spaced-apart shells which delimit and enclose between them a space which is essentially empty with the exception of structural and/or technical components or which can be filled at least in sections with sound, vibration and/or thermal insulation materials. The construction advantageously comprises a prefabricated component framework which is constructed e.g. in wood or dry construction and whose at least two spaced-apart shells are filled with a loose, flowable or liquid building material during pre- and/or final assembly if required, which either remains loose or flowable shortly after installation or solidifies and hardens after a certain time.

One possible embodiment of the construction includes technical components such as building or supply technology elements, which in particular consist of or include heating and/or cooling circuits and/or circuits with secondary medium or their miniaturized heating and/or cooling units, distributed as required over the entire building or structure surface, positioned at suitable locations and integrated into the construction. The at least two shells, which are spaced apart from one another, provide the system with heat capacity due to their materialization and serve as heating and/or cooling surfaces. In turn, they can act as evaporators and/or condensers of the heating and/or cooling circuits. The building or supply technology also consists of photovoltaic (PV) and/or battery storage elements as well as commercially available components for controlling them. The miniaturized heating and/or cooling units can be combined directly with a PV and/or battery storage unit and operated directly using renewable energy. The general embodiment of the method for controlling the thermal function of a building or structure consists, on the one hand, in the process-technical control of heat transport by supplying and removing heat into and from the structure, which compensates for thermal transmission losses and regulates the thermal state of the structure. On the other hand, the control method carries out the fine control of the surface temperatures of the structure and thus establishes thermal comfort. The thermal radiation in the interior and/or exterior of the building or structure is provided and controlled by means of active component temperature control. The interaction of the processed thermal radiation with the indoor air determines the indoor air temperature, i.e. the air temperature is also indirectly controlled by controlling the thermal radiation.

The general embodiment of the construction manufacturing process comprises several process steps. Components, building elements, building modules or modular building blocks are prefabricated in mass production, which are assembled during pre- and/or final assembly, as automated as possible, step by step or incrementally and additively, to create the building or structure. The first step of the manufacturing process consists of a mechanical prefabrication step, which processes the raw materials as automatically as possible and pre-assembles the technical components. The individual components are then assembled into a component, building element, building module or modular building block, as automated as possible. The last step in the manufacturing process consists of the pre- and/or final assembly of the components, building elements, building modules or modular building blocks. These are assembled in a step-by-step or incremental and additive process, as automated as possible, and if necessary, simultaneously filled step by step, partially or completely, also as automated as possible, with a loose, flowable or liquid building material. The final assembly of the building or structure is completed with the installation of the miniaturized heating and/or cooling units, if required, if these have not already been installed during prefabrication.

The invention seeks to achieve access to overcoming the building physics challenges through a control and management philosophy. The intention is, for example, not to decouple the physical effects from the building environment from the indoor climate, but to actively integrate them into the construction system, to exploit them and to control them in a controlled manner in order to reduce the building's energy consumption.

The application area of the invention includes structures that place increased demands on the structural statics and/or structural dynamics and/or have to cope with a demanding heat balance. On the one hand, these are immobile buildings, structures, buildings, towers, bridges or facilities in any climate zone. On the other hand, the application area also includes mobile structures such as all types of vehicles or means of transport (cars, trucks, mobile homes, coaches, trains, ships, aircraft) or mobile buildings and facilities. In addition, the invention can also be used for extraterrestrial structures (space travel) such as space transport systems, orbital habitats (space stations) or surface habitats (lunar or planetary bases). A special The field of application of additional embodiments of the invention are heating and/or cooling applications using thermal radiation in outdoor areas such as projecting canopies or free-standing structures such as bus shelters in public transport. Furthermore, an additional embodiment of the invention is used for all types of cooling using thermal radiation such as cooling of pharmaceutical products or battery units for electrical grid systems in closed or open cold rooms.

A fundamental innovation of the invention lies in a substantial reduction in greenhouse gas emissions over the entire life cycle of a building or structure while maintaining cost efficiency at all stages (planning, execution, prefabrication, final assembly, operation and demolition). In an additional embodiment of the invention, it begins with the approach of reducing the thermal insulation of a building and compensating for the resulting thermal transmission losses with a miniaturized heating and/or cooling unit powered by renewable energy. This corresponds to a system of active thermal insulation while simultaneously providing thermal comfort by means of active component temperature control. Energy efficiency is achieved through a high degree of decentralization of the heating and/or cooling function and its configuration based on human physiology. Depending on requirements, heating and/or cooling circuits and/or circuits with secondary medium or their miniaturized heating and/or cooling units are distributed over the entire building or structure surface, positioned at suitable locations and integrated into the construction, which use exclusively the calorific environment of the building as a source of heat and/or cold. This means that the heat balance of a building or any structure can be managed directly via the construction. Sustainability and cost-effectiveness of the construction is achieved primarily with its materialization and with a high degree of automation in mechanical prefabrication and automated pre- and/or final assembly. An independent aspect of the invention lies in the heating and/or cooling application by means of thermal radiation both inside and outside a building or structure, which can be manufactured using a cost-effective manufacturing process.

The individual components of the invention in detail

The construction

The construction advantageously has to fulfil several objectives simultaneously in its device aspect. In addition to the conventional structural static function and protection against weather and climate, the construction should advantageously integrate sound, vibration or thermal insulation (in its device aspect) and, on the other hand, active heat transport (implemented as a process aspect) by supplying and removing heat for thermal compensation of thermal transmission losses. Furthermore, in an independent aspect of the invention, the construction can create thermal comfort inside a building or in rooms, which also takes place through the interaction in its device aspect and its process aspect by means of thermal radiation. This creates a A variable degree of thermal decoupling is achieved between individual rooms and between the interior and the building environment.

In order to be able to carry out the function of the structure in an energy-efficient manner, the structure (in its device aspect) should include heat capacity and have design-related sound, vibration and heat transmission brakes. This is most easily achieved with a multi-shell construction, such as a general composite construction (for example wood-wood composite), a hybrid construction or a wood-concrete composite construction. The shell that contains heat capacity is structurally separated from the shell that brakes sound, vibration or heat transmission. This multi-shell construction has the additional advantage that the structure has good moisture behavior. The structural challenge resulting from the multi-shell construction is to ensure the structural static connection between the at least two spaced-apart shells of the structure and to space them statically and dynamically. In order to be able to meet the above requirements in a cost-effective construction process, a multi-shell composite construction is hereby proposed. This is achieved by a component framework which at least partially or completely forms the at least two shells spaced apart from one another and an intermediate space delimited by them and enclosed between them, and forms the basic structure of the building or structure. In its general embodiment, the component framework comprises, on the one hand, formwork which at least partially or completely forms at least one of the at least two shells spaced apart from one another by at least partially or completely delimiting it on its side facing one and/or the other space outside the structure in relation to the cross-section of the structure. During the pre- and/or final assembly of the building or structure, at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells, at least partially or completely delimited by the formwork, is filled, if necessary, at least partially or completely with a loose, flowable or liquid building material, which shortly after installation in the formwork remains either loose or flowable as a shaping formwork/casting mold and/or, if necessary, an additional and/or independent, temporary formwork/casting mold, or after a certain time subsequently solidifies and hardens, thus reaching its full strength and providing the system with heat capacity through its materialization. In this sense, the formwork as shaping formwork/casting mold can also be referred to as lost formwork. On the other hand, the component framework comprises and constitutes spaces delimited by the at least two spaced-apart shells and enclosed between them, which use spacers to statically and dynamically space the at least two spaced-apart shells of the structure from one another and act as sound, vibration and heat transmission brakes. The component framework can take on different designs for the respective components such as wall, floor, beam, pillar, ceiling and/or roof components and/or components for cantilevered structures such as canopies, balconies or fire walls of a building. The component framework in its general design consists of load-bearing components and/or sound, vibration and/or thermal insulation material such as formwork and spacers, which constitute the basic structure of the component and the at least two spaced-apart shells with the at least partially or completely form a limited and enclosed space between them.

Furthermore, the component framework in its general form also includes connections, transitions and terminations for corners, T-shapes and edges such as wall - wall, floor - wall, wall - ceiling, initial and final components such as wall, floor, ceiling or roof parts as well as for windows, doors or general openings in the construction.

Construction and shells: The general embodiment of the construction, in particular a wall, floor, beam, pillar, ceiling and/or roof construction and/or a cantilevered construction such as canopies, balconies or fire walls of a building or structure, comprises a component framework which comprises and constitutes at least two shells spaced apart from one another, which delimit and enclose between them a space which is essentially empty with the exception of structural and/or technical components or which can be filled at least in sections with sound, vibration and/or thermal insulation materials. The at least two shells spaced apart from one another comprise a shell facing the outside of the building or structure and a shell facing the inside of the building or structure and/or, in particular in the case of interior spaces of a building or structure, a shell facing one interior space and a shell facing the other interior space and/or generally with respect to the cross-section of the construction, a shell facing one space outside the construction and a shell facing the other space outside the construction.

The construction can generally consist of a component framework of a preferred embodiment, which comprises and constitutes the at least two spaced-apart shells with the gap delimited by them and enclosed between them, and a building material which is installed in loose, flowable or liquid form during pre- and/or final assembly into the at least two spaced-apart shells at least partially or completely delimited by the formwork. The component framework can be made of steel, wood, dry and/or mixed construction and/or an additive process (3D printing), from plastic injection molding or from pressed materials. By means of spaced-apart formwork, it forms at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells at least partially or completely and the gap delimited by them and enclosed between them. The formworks delimit at least partially or completely at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells on at least one side facing the outside or inside of the building or structure and/or, in particular in the case of interior spaces of a building or structure, a side facing one or the other interior space and/or generally in relation to the cross-section of the structure, a side facing one or the other space outside the structure and in this respect also define an external surface of the component framework. Furthermore, at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells can comprise structural components, anchoring rods or spacers, we call them the shell spacers, which are at least in the Formwork, anchored in other structural components and/or in the shell material and spaced apart in a structural static-dynamic manner. The shell spacers can consist of sleeves, solid or hollow bars, dowels, bolts, profile bars or commercially available fastening technology and can be of different thicknesses and strengths. They can consist of wood, metal, plastic, composite materials, fiber materials (metal, plastic, wood, stone, glass) or a combination and/or a composite of the above. Special mention should be made of shell spacers made from 3D printing, plastic injection molding or pressed materials.

The anchoring of the shell spacers in the formwork that at least partially or completely delimits the at least two spaced-apart shells and/or other structural components can be carried out by a screw, press and/or glue connection, in particular by means of a drill, thread, dovetail, groove or notch connection, general milling or recesses or with commercially available means of fastening technology. In addition, the shell spacers can be anchored in the formwork that at least partially or completely delimits the at least two spaced-apart shells by means of special means of fastening technology, such as press, drill, thread, thread-cutting and/or screw sleeves and/or screw-in nuts and/or sleeves with an external and/or internal thread. The materialization and dimensioning of the shell spacers as well as their number and arrangement is determined in particular by the formwork pressure of the loose, flowable or liquid building material resulting during pre- and/or final assembly. The shell spacers can be arranged vertically or inclined, at an angle of 90° or not equal to 90° to the surface of a shell adjacent to the gap that delimits the gap, whereby the inclination can assume any orientation, such as uniform (parallel), opposite parallel, perpendicular parallel, perpendicular opposite, spiral or circular with different hole circle diameters in uniform or opposite orientation or with any regular or irregular symmetries and/or orientations.

The at least two spaced-apart shells, at least partially or completely limited and/or bordered by the formwork arranged parallel to the building or structure surface, or in particular by formwork arranged parallel to a wall, floor, ceiling or roof surface, are, if required, during the pre- and/or final assembly of the building or structure, at least partially or completely filled with a loose, flowable or liquid building material, we call it the shell building material, which shortly after installation in the formwork as a shaping formwork/casting mold and, if necessary, an additional and/or independent, temporary formwork/casting mold, either remains loose or flowable or solidifies and hardens after a certain time and thus reaches its full strength. Accordingly, the shell building material fills the at least two spaced-apart shells at least partially or completely and borders at least partially or completely on the formwork. The shell building material can be concrete or a concrete-like building material. On the other hand, it can also consist of a powder, pellets, dust, sand or other loose, flowable or liquid materials, as well as materials that are in different physical states of aggregation, which shortly after the shell material may either remain loose or flowable shortly after installation in the formwork as a shaping formwork/casting mold and, if required, an additional and/or independent, temporary formwork/casting mold, or may subsequently solidify and harden after a certain period of time. In addition, the shell material may consist of a loose, flowable or liquid material which generally has an increased heat capacity and may either remain loose or flowable shortly after installation in the formwork as a shaping formwork/casting mold and, if required, an additional and/or independent, temporary formwork/casting mold, or may subsequently solidify and harden after a certain period of time. The formwork arranged in the structural component frame is, in its general embodiment, located between the shell construction material and the intermediate space delimited by the at least two shells spaced apart from one another and enclosed between them and optionally additionally forms the external and/or internal closure of the building or structure and/or in particular in the case of interior spaces of a building or structure, the closure with respect to one and/or other interior space and/or generally in relation to the cross-section of the construction, the closure with respect to one and/or other space outside the construction, i.e. they are located between the external space of the building or structure and on the side of the shell construction material of the shell facing the external space facing the external space and/or between the internal space of the building or structure and on the side of the shell construction material of the shell facing the internal space facing the internal space and/or in the case of interior spaces of a building or structure, they are located between one interior space and on the side of the shell construction material of the shell facing one interior space facing the one interior space and/or between the other interior space and on the side of the shell construction material facing the other interior space shell material of the shell facing the other interior space and/or generally with respect to the cross-section of the structure, they are located between the one space outside the structure and on the side of the shell material of the shell facing the one space outside the structure facing the one space outside the structure and/or between the other space outside the structure and on the side of the shell material of the shell facing the other space outside the structure facing the other space outside the structure.

The formwork, which is part of the structural components of the construction, in its general design borders directly on the shell material on one side and comprises plates, panels, sheets, textiles, fleeces or films of different thicknesses and can comprise materials such as wood, metal, plastic, composite materials, fiber materials (metal, plastic, wood, stone, glass) or consist of a combination and/or a composite of the aforementioned. Special mention should be made of formwork manufactured using an additive process (3D printing), from plastic injection molding or from pressed materials. Depending on the materialization and thickness, the formwork, in addition to the shaping function for the shell material, can take on at least part of the structural static-dynamic load within the structure. With suitable materialization, a mechanical, chemical or mechanical-chemical bond between the formwork and the shell material can be achieved and utilized for the structural statics and dynamics. At least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells is at least in relation to the outer or The formwork may be integrated into the structure in a uniform or different manner, in the interior of the building or structure or in the space delimited and enclosed by them, by means of at least one formwork and/or in the interior of a building or structure, in at least one interior space or in the space delimited and enclosed by them, and/or in general with respect to the cross-section of the structure, in at least one space outside the structure or in the space delimited and enclosed by them, by means of at least one formwork. The formwork may be integrated into the structure in a uniform or different manner.

Formwork and materialization: An extended embodiment of the construction consists in making the formwork from a porous, open-pored material and/or from a sound, vibration and/or thermal insulation material. In addition, these formworks can also comprise a sealing layer and/or a closed-pore layer and/or a combination and/or a composite of different materials of the formwork materialization, which serves to seal against the outside and/or inside of the building or structure and/or against the space delimited and enclosed by them and/or in the case of interior spaces of a building or structure, against one interior and/or other interior space and/or against the space delimited and enclosed by them and/or generally with respect to the cross-section of the construction, against one and/or other space outside the structure and/or against the space delimited and enclosed by them. Furthermore, the formwork, consisting of a porous, open-pored material and/or a sound, vibration and/or thermal insulation material, can be at least partially or completely filled, filled or offset with a shell construction material. In addition, with this extended embodiment, recesses or holes can be made in the formwork in order to improve the sound, vibration and/or thermal insulation behavior of the construction.

Shells and reinforcement: An extended embodiment of the construction consists in that at least one of the at least two shells spaced apart from one another comprises at least one structural component, designed as at least one reinforcement, which in turn gives the shell material additional strength. This can consist of metal, plastic, composite materials, fiber materials (metal, plastic, wood, stone, glass) and/or a combination and/or a composite of the aforementioned and can be in the form of rods, bars, grids, nets, textiles, fleeces or fibers. Special mention should be made of a reinforcement made from 3D printing, plastic injection molding or pressed materials. The function of the at least one reinforcement within the construction consists on the one hand in its structural static-dynamic function. On the other hand, it can also support, promote and accelerate the spread of heat within at least one of the at least two shells spaced apart from one another.

Shells and technical components: An extended embodiment of the construction consists in technical components such as building or supply technology elements and/or measuring and/or to integrate control technology elements therein, which are located in at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells and/or the gap delimited by them and enclosed between them and/or on the side of the shell facing the outside and/or inside area facing the outside and/or inside area and/or in the case of interior spaces of a building or structure on the side of a shell facing one and/or other interior space of the structure facing the one and/or other interior space of the structure and/or the gap delimited by them and enclosed between them and/or generally with regard to the cross-section of the structure on the side of the shell facing one and/or other space outside the structure facing the one and/or other space outside the structure and/or the gap delimited by them and enclosed between them. At least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells can thus take on and carry out further functions of the structure.

Shells and formwork: A special embodiment of the construction, in particular a wall, floor, beam, pillar, ceiling and/or roof construction and/or a cantilevered construction such as canopies, balconies or fire walls of a building or structure, consists in executing at least one of the at least two shells of the construction, which are spaced apart from one another, in its fixture aspect without the shell building material. In this case, the fixture function of the formwork, which in this case functions as a shaping formwork/casting mold, in particular as a lost formwork, becomes superfluous. The construction is therefore extended in its device aspect in such a way that the shell building material together with the formwork(s) delimiting at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells on its side facing the outside and/or inside of the construction and/or in the case of interior spaces of a building or structure on the side facing one and/or other interior space of the construction and/or generally with respect to the cross-section of the construction on the side facing one and/or other space outside the construction is replaced within the component framework with a single formwork, which is in particular constituted as a simple formwork or as a blind formwork. This single formwork, which is also part of the

Structural components of the construction can also include panels, boards, sheets, textiles, fleeces or films of different thicknesses or strengths with a materialization of wood, metal, plastic, composite materials, fiber materials (metal, plastic, wood, stone, glass) or a combination and/or a composite of the above. Special mention should be made of individual formwork, which in this case is also made using an additive process (3D printing), from plastic injection molding or from pressed materials. Depending on the materialization and strength, this individual formwork can, in addition to the general structural function, also take on at least part of the structural static-dynamic load within the structure.

Accordingly, in a general embodiment, the construction comprises at least one of the at least two spaced apart shells in its device aspect together with possible additional structural components and/or sound, vibration and/or thermal insulation materials, either at least partially or completely made of the shell construction material together with at least a formwork that directly borders the shell building material on at least one side (in this case it can also be referred to as a lost formwork) or from a single formwork (in this case it can also be referred to as a blind or a single formwork).

A special embodiment of the construction accordingly comprises at least two shells spaced apart from one another, wherein at least one of the at least two shells spaced apart from one another is designed by means of a single formwork which delimits and encloses between them an intermediate space which, with the exception of structural and/or technical components, is essentially empty or can be filled or filled at least in sections with sound, vibration and/or thermal insulation material. The at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells, designed as a single formwork integrated into the component framework, borders on both sides on the gaps delimited by the at least two spaced-apart shells and enclosed between them and/or it forms the external and/or internal closure of the construction and/or in the case of interior spaces of a building or a structure, the closure with respect to one and/or the other interior space and/or generally with respect to the cross-section of the construction, the closure with respect to one and/or the other space outside the construction, i.e. it borders on one side on the gap delimited by the at least two spaced-apart shells and enclosed between them and is located on the side facing the outside area of the gap facing the outside area, delimited by the at least two spaced-apart shells and enclosed between them and/or on the side facing the inside area of the gap facing the inside area, delimited by the at least two spaced-apart shells and enclosed between them and/or in the case of interior spaces of a building or a structure, it is located on the side facing the one interior space of the gap facing the an interior space, delimited by the at least two spaced-apart shells and enclosed between them and/or on the side of the intermediate space facing the other interior space, delimited by the at least two spaced-apart shells and enclosed between them and/or generally with regard to the cross-section of the structure is located on the side of the intermediate space facing the one space outside the structure, delimited by the at least two spaced-apart shells and enclosed between them and/or on the side of the intermediate space facing the other space outside the structure, delimited by the at least two spaced-apart shells and enclosed between them, facing the other space outside the structure. The individual formwork can be integrated into the structure in a uniform or different embodiment.

Formwork and materialization: An extended embodiment of the construction consists in carrying out the materialization of the individual formwork from a porous, open-pored material and/or from a sound, vibration and/or thermal insulation material. In addition, this individual formwork can also comprise a sealing layer and/or a closed-pored layer and/or a combination and/or a composite of different materials of the materialization of the Include formwork which serves to seal against the outside and inside of the building or structure and/or against the space delimited by the at least two spaced-apart shells and enclosed between them and/or in the case of interior spaces of a building or structure at least against one interior space and/or generally with respect to the cross-section of the construction at least against one space outside the construction. Furthermore, the individual formwork, consisting of a porous, open-pored material and/or a sound, vibration and/or thermal insulation material, can be at least partially or completely filled, filled or offset with a shell building material. In addition, with this extended embodiment, recesses or holes can be made in the individual formwork in order to improve the sound, vibration and/or thermal insulation behavior of the construction.

Construction and space: In a general embodiment of the construction, the space delimited by the at least two spaced-apart shells and enclosed between them is, with the exception of structural and/or technical components, essentially empty or at least partially fillable or filled with sound, vibration and/or thermal insulation material and, like at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells, is at least partially or completely formed and constituted by the structural framework of the construction using formwork. The function of the space is, on the one hand, to reduce the sound, vibration or heat transmission through the construction by having a reduced sound, vibration or thermal conductivity. In addition, the use and design of the space delimited by at least two spaced-apart shells and enclosed between them allows a reduction in the dead load of the structure while maintaining or increasing the live load of the structure and at the same time reducing the amount of material used (shell construction material). The design of the gap delimited by the at least two spaced-apart shells and enclosed between them aims to reduce the thermal conductivity with regard to solid-state, air heat conduction or heat radiation, in addition to reducing the propagation of sound or vibration in the structure. On the other hand, at least one structural component arranged in the gap delimited by the at least two spaced-apart shells and enclosed between them has the task of spacing the at least two spaced-apart shells delimiting it in terms of structural statics and dynamics. This can be achieved with structural components arranged in the gap delimited by the at least two spaced-apart shells and enclosed between them, such as anchoring rods or spacers, we call them the gap spacers, which are perpendicular to the surface delimiting the gap of a shell adjacent to the gap and which form point-like contacts with the at least two spaced-apart shells. Their material should give them high strength and at the same time minimal thermal conductivity. The spacers can consist of sleeves, solid or hollow rods, dowels, bolts, profile rods or commercially available fastening technology and can be of different thicknesses and strengths. They can be made of wood, metal, plastic, composite materials, Fiber materials (metal, plastic, wood, stone, glass) or a combination and/or composite of the above. Special mention should be made of spacer bars made from 3D printing, plastic injection molding or pressed materials.

In a general embodiment of the gap delimited by the at least two shells spaced apart from one another and enclosed between them, the anchoring of the gap spacers in at least one formwork adjacent to the gap and/or other structural components can be carried out by a screw, press and/or glue connection, in particular by means of a drill, thread, dovetail, groove or notch connection, general milling or recesses or with commercially available means of fastening technology. In addition, the gap spacers can be anchored in at least one formwork adjacent to the gap by means of special means of fastening technology, such as press, drill, thread, thread-cutting and/or screw sleeves and/or screw-in nuts and/or sleeves with an external and/or internal thread. On the one hand, the gap spacer can be anchored in at least one formwork adjacent to the gap without penetrating the formwork. On the other hand, the gap spacer can at least partially penetrate at least one formwork adjacent to the gap. The spacer can also extend to the boundary surface of the at least one formwork through which it penetrates or it extends into at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells that border the space and can thus be additionally anchored using the shell construction material and/or other structural components. This can be achieved, for example, with grooves, notches or milled recesses etc. in the end area of the spacer and/or which mechanically connect the shell construction material to the shell construction material after loose, flowable or liquid installation with subsequent solidification.

If the gap and/or shell spacer is also made of a porous, open-pored material, there is a possibility that during the installation process of the loose, liquid or flowable shell material, it will penetrate into the pores of the spacer material in the area of at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells bordering the gap and, when it subsequently solidifies, will create an additional mechanical anchoring of the spacer material in at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells bordering the gap. With suitable materialization, in addition to this mechanical anchoring, a chemical or chemical-mechanical bond can be achieved between the gap and/or shell spacer and the shell material, which further increases the strength of the anchoring and can be used for the statics and dynamics of the structure.

If the spacer material consists of wood and/or wood-like materials, if these extend beyond at least one formwork into at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells adjacent to the space, and if a shell construction material is installed in a liquid state at least partially or completely, a additional effect for connecting, fastening, sealing and/or anchoring the gap spacer in at least one of the at least two shells spaced apart from one another. During installation, shell building material penetrates into the wood pores of the gap spacer made of wood in the area inside the shell with the liquid shell building material and causes it to swell. This increases the volume of the gap spacer made of wood in the area inside the shell. Since additional liquid shell building material can penetrate into the wood pores on the front surface of the gap spacer, the gap spacer made of wood swells more at its end than at its shaft. This creates a conical increase in the volume of the gap spacer, with the cone growing larger towards the end of the spacer. The subsequent solidification and hardening of the shell construction material leaves behind a conically swollen wooden spacer in the area inside at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells, which is thus connected, fastened, sealed and/or anchored in at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells adjacent to the space. This expanded embodiment combined with concrete as a shell construction material represents an expanded application of the so-called wood-concrete composite (HBV). In order to prevent the shell construction material from bursting open due to a spacer (or possibly a shell spacer) made of wood and/or wood-like materials after its installation and subsequent solidification, suitable precautions can be taken, such as prior moistening, prior impregnation, prior assembly of a cover or prior creation of holes, grooves or slots in the end area of a spacer with subsequent filling of the hole, groove or slot with an elastic material.

An extended embodiment of the gap and/or shell spacer consists in that the gap spacer extends into at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells adjacent to the gap, partially or completely penetrates it and is used to anchor the formwork arranged on the side of the shell adjacent to the gap facing away from the gap and/or other structural components and/or that the shell spacer extends into at least one of the gaps delimited by at least two spaced-apart shells and enclosed between them, partially or completely penetrates it and is used to anchor the formwork arranged on the side of the gap facing away from the shell and/or other structural components

structural components. The shell and/or spacer brackets can be integrated into the structure in a uniform or different design. In addition, the design of the shell spacer can be freely exchanged and combined with the design of the spacer bracket and vice versa.

Like the at least two spaced apart shells, the space delimited by the at least two spaced apart shells and enclosed between them is also protected by the formwork adjacent to it from the outside and inside of the building or structure and from the at least two spaced apart, adjacent Shells and/or in the case of interior spaces of a building or structure, preferably sealed against the interior spaces of the structure and/or generally with respect to the cross-section of the structure against the spaces outside the structure.

Space without formwork: An extended embodiment of the construction consists in the structural component framework, which forms and constitutes at least two shells spaced apart from one another and a space that is essentially empty with the exception of structural and/or technical components or can be filled at least in sections with sound, vibration and/or thermal insulation material, delimited by them and enclosed between them, in its device aspect without the at least one formwork adjacent to the space delimited by the at least two shells spaced apart from one another and enclosed between them. The device function of that at least one formwork becomes superfluous. The structure is therefore extended in its device aspect to the extent that the at least one formwork adjacent to the space delimited by the at least two shells spaced apart from one another and enclosed between them is omitted without replacement within the structural component framework. In this case, the gap spacer extends at least as far as the surface of a shell bordering the gap that delimits the gap or it protrudes into at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells bordering the gap and can thus be anchored using the shell building material and/or other structural components. If the gap spacer is made of wood, extends beyond at least the surface of a shell bordering the gap that delimits the gap into at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells bordering the gap and a shell building material is at least partially or completely installed in a liquid state, the swelling effect and the formation of a cone during the installation process of the loose, liquid or flowable shell building material can also be exploited, as described above. An extended embodiment of the gap and/or shell spacer consists in that the gap spacer protrudes into at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells adjacent to the gap, partially or completely penetrates it and is used to anchor the shell adjacent to the gap on the side facing away from the gap and/or other structural components and/or that the shell spacer protrudes into at least one of the gaps delimited by at least two spaced-apart shells and enclosed between them, partially or completely penetrates it and is used to anchor the shell arranged on the side facing away from the shell of the gap adjacent to the shell and/or other structural components. Like the at least two spaced-apart shells, the space delimited by the at least two spaced-apart shells and enclosed between them is sealed by means of the adjacent shells from the outside and inside of the building or structure and from the at least two spaced-apart, adjacent shells and/or in the case of interior spaces of a building or structure from the interior spaces and/or generally in relation to the cross-section of the structure from the spaces outside the structure. The extended version combined with concrete as a shell construction material represents an extended application of the so-called wood-concrete composite (HBV).

Intermediate space and technical components: An extended embodiment of the construction consists in integrating technical components such as building or supply technology elements and/or measurement and/or control technology elements into the construction, which are located within the intermediate space delimited by the at least two spaced-apart shells and enclosed between them. The intermediate space can thus take on and carry out further functions of the construction.

Spacers and inclined arrangement: An extended embodiment of the design consists in arranging the space spacers in the space delimited by at least two spaced-apart shells and enclosed between them not perpendicular to the surface of a shell bordering the space that delimits the space, but at an angle other than 90° to the surface of a shell bordering the space that delimits the space. The advantage of this arrangement is that it is not only possible to divert structural forces perpendicular to the surface of a shell bordering the space that delimits the space, but also to absorb and divert sliding, transverse and/or shear forces parallel to the surface of a shell bordering the space that delimits the space by means of an inclined space spacer. In addition to the angle of inclination, the orientation of the inclination of the spacer can also be arranged as desired, such as uniform (parallel), opposite parallel, perpendicular parallel, perpendicular opposite, spiral or circular with different hole circle diameters in uniform or opposite orientation or with any regular or irregular symmetries and/or orientations. In contrast to spacer arranged perpendicular to the surface of a shell bordering the space that delimits the space, their inclined arrangement enables increased anchoring and spacing in a direction perpendicular to the surface of a shell bordering the space that delimits the space.

Spacers and 45° arrangement: A special design of the construction consists in arranging the space spacers in the space delimited by at least two spaced-apart shells and enclosed between them at an angle of 45° to the surface of a shell bordering the space that delimits the space. The advantage of this special arrangement is, on the one hand, that it can absorb and dissipate structural forces perpendicular to the surface of a shell bordering the space that delimits the space, as well as sliding, transverse and/or shear forces parallel to the surface of a shell bordering the space that delimits the space, which can be advantageous for both static and dynamic structural loads (variable live loads, variable wind and snow loads, earthquakes). On the other hand, this special arrangement of the space spacers has a reduced sound, vibration or heat transmission through the Construction through compared to spacers arranged perpendicular to the surface of a shell bordering the gap that delimits the gap, because the gap spacers inclined at an angle of 45° are longer by a factor of A/2 and therefore the sound, vibration or solid-state heat conduction takes place over a distance that is longer by a factor of A/2. In addition to the angle of the inclination, the orientation of the inclination of the gap spacers can also be arranged as desired, as described above. On the one hand, the inclination of the gap spacer at an angle of 45° to the surface of a shell bordering the gap that delimits the gap optimizes the function of reduced sound, vibration or heat conduction with the structural static-dynamic function of the gap spacer. On the other hand, mechanical prefabrication is also simplified and optimized by the inclination of the gap spacer at an angle of 45° to the surface of a shell bordering the gap that delimits the gap, because the leg distances of the resulting isosceles triangle are the same length.

Spacers and multitude: An extended embodiment of the design consists in designing and arranging the space spacers arranged perpendicular to the surface delimiting the space of a shell adjacent to the space in the space delimited by at least two spaced-apart shells and enclosed between them, instead of a few, increasingly dimensioned space spacers, the same in a multitude, with fine dimensions and distributed over the entire surface of the shell adjacent to the space delimited by at least two spaced-apart shells and enclosed between them. The advantage of this design is that structural forces can be distributed to the multitude of space spacers distributed over the entire surface of the shell adjacent to the space delimited by at least two spaced-apart shells and enclosed between them. This means that a statistical threshold can be reached with regard to the structural function of the spacer, beyond which the strength of a single spacer in combination with the large number of spacer distributed over the entire surface of the shell bordered by at least two spaced-apart shells and enclosed between them only contributes statistically to the structural strength, i.e. if the structural function of a single spacer fails, e.g. due to material inhomogeneities, material defects or breakage, this is absorbed and compensated for by the other spacer. In addition, with this design of the construction, the structural forces are converted from pure point forces to surface forces, which can prove to be an advantage when dimensioning and materializing the construction. A further advantageous effect of this design is that the formwork that borders the space on at least one side is stiffened and stabilized over its entire surface.

Spacers, multitude and oblique arrangement: A special embodiment of the construction consists in the multitude, with fine dimensioning and over the entire surface of the spacers delimited by at least two spaced-apart shells and enclosed between them. The spacer holders are designed and arranged distributed in the space between the shells adjacent to the gap and are enclosed between at least two spaced-apart shells, not perpendicular to the surface of a shell adjacent to the gap that delimits the gap, but at an angle other than 90°, which includes the special case of an angle of 45°. This not only creates the advantages outlined above, but also additional advantages in terms of structural statics and dynamics based on their now inclined orientation in relation to the surface of a shell adjacent to the gap that delimits the gap. With this special design and arrangement of the spacer holders, structural forces can be absorbed and dissipated from any direction. Not only are the structural forces converted from point forces to surface forces, but structural forces perpendicular to the surface of a shell bordering the gap that delimits the gap, as well as sliding, transverse and/or shear forces parallel to the surface of a shell bordering the gap that delimits the gap, can be absorbed and diverted to the same extent, which can be an additional advantage for both static and dynamic structural loads (variable live loads, variable wind and snow loads, earthquakes). The advantages with regard to the aspects of statistical thresholds and sound, vibration or solid heat conduction outlined above are further enhanced with this special design. In addition to the angle of inclination, the orientation of the inclination of the gap spacers can also be arranged as desired, such as uniform (parallel), opposite parallel, perpendicular parallel, perpendicular opposite, spiral or circular with different hole circle diameters in uniform or opposite orientation or with any regular or irregular symmetries and/or orientations.

Spacers and length: An extended embodiment of the design consists in making the ends of the spacer in the space delimited by at least two spaced-apart shells and enclosed between them different lengths if they penetrate at least one of the at least one shell adjacent to the space and protrude into at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells adjacent to the space. This embodiment of the design has the advantage that the effect of any fracture surface between the ends of the spacer and the hardened shell building material can be reduced.

Spacers and reinforcement: An extended embodiment of the construction consists in anchoring and fastening at least one reinforcement in at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells at at least one end of the spacer if it penetrates at least one of the at least one shell surface adjacent to the space and protrudes into at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells adjacent to the space. This embodiment of the construction has the advantage that the force effect of the at least one reinforcement can be transferred directly to the spacers. In addition, the at least one reinforcement stabilizes the area of the ends of the Spacer bars within the at least two shells spaced apart from one another, which can also be advantageous in terms of structural statics and dynamics. The fastening of the at least one reinforcement can either be carried out using conventional fastening technology means or the end of the spacer bar can have a recess, a fold, a groove or the like, with the aid of which the at least one reinforcement can be fastened to the end of the spacer. In addition, technical components such as building, supply, measurement and/or control technology elements can also be anchored and fastened to at least one end of the spacer bar using this embodiment.

Space and insulation material: An extended embodiment of the construction consists in filling or equipping the space delimited by at least two spaced-apart shells and enclosed between them, at least in sections, with porous, open-pored material, with sound, vibration and/or thermal insulation material and/or a material for absorbing moisture. In addition, this porous, open-pored material, this sound, vibration and/or thermal insulation material and/or a material for absorbing moisture can also comprise a sealing layer and/or a closed-pore layer and/or a combination and/or a composite of different materials of the materialization of the formwork, which serves to seal against the outside and inside of the building or structure and/or against the space delimited by the at least two spaced-apart shells and enclosed between them and/or in the case of interior spaces of a building or structure at least against one interior space and/or generally with respect to the cross-section of the construction at least against one space outside the construction. In addition, the porous, open-pored material, the sound, vibration and/or thermal insulation material and/or the material for absorbing moisture can be at least partially or completely filled, filled or offset with a shell building material.

Intermediate space and thermal radiation: An extended embodiment of the construction consists in filling or equipping the intermediate space delimited by at least two spaced-apart shells and enclosed between them, at least in sections, with a suitable material for absorbing or reflecting thermal radiation.

Construction and beams or pillars: A special embodiment of the construction, in particular of a wall, floor, beam, pillar, ceiling and/or roof construction and/or a cantilevered construction such as canopies, balconies or fire walls of a building or structure, consists in integrating a structural reinforcement into the construction, which is designed as a reinforcement to absorb vertical structural loads. The structural framework comprises a beam or a pillar, which comprises at least two spaced-apart bar profiles, we call them the beam or pillar bar profiles, which delimit and enclose between them a space that is essentially empty with the exception of shell, structural and/or technical components or can be filled at least in sections with sound, vibration and/or thermal insulation material, we call it the beam or pillar space. Since the beam or pillar is in the If the beam or pillar profiles are integrated into the structural component framework, the beam or pillar bar profiles can also include the function of formwork or can be supplemented with such a formwork within the structural component framework. The space between the beams or pillars is thus sealed by means of the beam or pillar bar profiles and/or formwork adjacent to it from the outside and inside of the building or structure as well as from the at least two spaced-apart, adjacent shells and/or in the case of interior spaces of a building or structure from the interior spaces as well as from the at least two spaced-apart, adjacent shells and/or generally in relation to the cross-section of the structure from the spaces outside the structure as well as from the at least two spaced-apart, adjacent shells.

The space between the beams or pillars includes anchoring rods or spacers, we call them the beam or pillar spacers, which statically and dynamically space the at least two beam or pillar bar profiles that are spaced apart from one another and are arranged vertically or obliquely, at an angle of 90° or not equal to 90° to the surface of a beam and/or pillar bar profile, whereby the inclination can take on any orientation, such as uniform (parallel), opposite parallel, perpendicular parallel, perpendicular opposite, spiral or circular with different hole circle diameters in uniform or opposite orientation or with any regular or irregular symmetries and/or orientations. In addition, the beam or pillar spacers can be designed and arranged in the beam or pillar gap delimited by the at least two beam or pillar bar profiles spaced apart from one another and enclosed between them, as described above, in a large number, with fine dimensions and distributed over the entire beam or pillar bar profile surface. The design and materialization of the beam or pillar spacers and the beam or pillar bar profiles can be designed in the same way as the design and materialization of the gap spacer.

The anchoring of the beam or pillar spacers in at least the beam or pillar bar profiles adjacent to the beam or pillar gap and/or other structural components can be carried out by a screw, press and/or glue connection, in particular by means of a drill, thread, dovetail, groove or notch connection, general milling or recesses or with commercially available means of fastening technology. In addition, the beam or pillar spacers can be anchored in at least the beam or pillar bar profiles adjacent to the beam or pillar gap using special means of fastening technology, such as press, drill, thread, thread cutting and/or screw sleeves and/or screw-in nuts and/or sleeves with an external and/or internal thread. On the one hand, the beam or pillar spacer can be anchored in this way without penetrating the beam or pillar bar profiles. On the other hand, the beam or pillar spacer can at least partially penetrate at least one of the two beam or pillar bar profiles adjacent to the beam or pillar gap. The beam or pillar spacer can also extend to the boundary surface of the beam or pillar bar profile penetrated by it or it protrudes into at least one of the at least two spaced apart beam or pillar bar profiles adjacent to the beam or pillar gap. shell and can therefore be additionally anchored using the shell building material and/or other supporting structure components. This can be achieved, for example, with grooves, notches or milled recesses etc. in the end area of the beam or pillar spacer, which mechanically connects the same to the shell building material after loose, flowable or liquid installation and subsequent solidification of the shell building material. If the beam or pillar spacer is also made from a porous, open-pored material, there is a possibility that during the installation process of the loose, liquid or flowable shell building material it will penetrate into the pores of the spacer material in the area of at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells adjacent to the beam or pillar space, and that during its subsequent solidification it will be additionally mechanically anchored in at least one of the at least two spaced-apart beam or pillar bar profiles adjacent to the beam or pillar space. With suitable materialization, in addition to this mechanical anchoring, a chemical bond can be achieved between the beam or pillar spacer and the shell construction material, which further increases the strength of the anchoring and can be used for the structural statics and dynamics. If the beam or pillar spacer is made of wood, the swelling effect during the installation process of the loose, liquid or flowable shell construction material can also be used, as described above. This extended embodiment combined with concrete as the shell construction material represents an extended application of the so-called wood-concrete composite (HBV).

The general, extended and specific embodiments of the structure and the spacer described above also apply to the beam or pillar spacer. The beam or pillar can either be fully integrated into the component framework or be integrated protrudingly on at least one side of the structure in relation to its cross-section. In addition to the embodiments described above with regard to the at least one reinforcement integrated in at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells, the beam or pillar can comprise additional embodiments of the reinforcement such as reinforcement rods, prestressing cables, tension rods, etc., which are not only located within at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells, but extend longitudinally and/or transversely to the beam or pillar over the entire length of the beam or pillar and can also be arranged within the space between the beams or pillars.

Construction and construction module: A special embodiment of the construction, in particular a wall, floor, beam, pillar, ceiling and/or roof construction and/or a cantilevered construction such as canopies, balconies or fire walls of a building or structure consists in executing the component framework, which comprises and constitutes the at least two shells spaced apart from one another together with the space delimited by them and enclosed between them, in the form of a construction module, i.e. the general embodiment of the construction module corresponds to the component framework of the construction in modular construction as described above. The construction modules can consist of individual components such as wall, floor, beam, pillar, ceiling or roof parts, a combination of these or of entire components such as entire walls, floors, beams, pillars, ceilings or roofs or entire room modules or parts thereof. The advantage of modular construction is well known.

The individual building modules or, if applicable, their formwork must be sealed from the outside and inside and/or, in the case of interior spaces of a building or structure, from the interior spaces and/or generally in relation to the cross-section of the structure from the spaces outside the structure, as well as from each other and from one another. This can be achieved using commercially available sealing measures and sealing devices or using the special measure described below for sealing the individual building modules or, if applicable, their formwork from one another. The assembly direction of the building modules when they are joined together during pre- and/or final assembly determines the design of the connection and sealing points between the individual building modules, in particular, if applicable, between the formwork from one another. On the one hand, it is important to seal the building modules or, if applicable, their formwork between and against each other and, on the other hand, to keep the sliding distance, i.e. the distance that the two connection and sealing points slide over each other when the building modules or, if applicable, their formwork slide over each other during pre- and/or final assembly, as small as possible, as this can otherwise lead to assembly problems. The size and weight of the building modules and their geometric shape are mainly determined by optimizing prefabrication (handling), transport (volume, weight) and pre- and/or final assembly (handling). The size of the building module can range from the size of individual rooms down to the size of a brick.

The shape and edges of the building modules can include a variety of geometric shapes, whereby the design of the sealing points between the individual, adjacent building modules or, if present, their formwork, their ability to cover an area, and the resulting sliding distance are decisive for the design. The size scale and the geometric shape of the building modules, in addition to the aforementioned criteria, are mainly determined by new methods of mechanical prefabrication and automated pre- and/or final assembly of the building modules, in particular the increase in the proportion of digitization and automation. An additional and essential criterion of the building module size in relation to the present invention is determined by the formwork pressure triggered by the loose, flowable or liquid shell building material during at least partial or complete installation during pre- and/or final assembly, i.e. the liquid pressure (gravity pressure) acting on the formwork and the installation method. In order to give the shell construction material additional strength, at least one reinforcement can be installed within the at least two shells of the building module that are spaced apart from one another, as described above. If the formwork is made of wood or a similarly porous, open-pored material, in addition to the sealing described below, the swelling effect upon contact with the shell construction material can be used to seal the sealing points between the individual, adjacent building modules or, if present, their formwork. This extended embodiment combined with concrete as the shell construction material represents an extended application of the so-called wood-concrete composite (HBV). Construction module and reinforcement: An extended embodiment of the construction module consists of the integration of at least one reinforcement as described above within at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells, which gives the shell material additional strength. In addition, the at least one reinforcement can extend beyond the edge of the construction modules and into at least one neighboring construction module, which in turn has suitable recesses for this purpose. On the one hand, this increases the structural strength and supports the spread of heat within the at least two spaced-apart shells between neighboring construction modules. In order to achieve further structural strength, the at least one reinforcement can be connected between neighboring construction modules by means of a connecting mechanism (screw, plug, click or bolt connection) so that the structural loads that arise can be fully transferred from one construction module to its neighboring construction module.

Construction module and connection: An extended embodiment of the construction module consists in designing it with a connection and sealing method that is determined in its device aspect. The formwork has a mutually overlapping fold, which fastens and seals the adjacent construction modules or their formwork against each other during the pre- and/or final assembly of the building or structure. The connection and sealing points can be designed using a mutually overlapping fold and a cross-section in a rectangular shape or using an inclined overlap surface (sheet tongue and groove fold), or as a tongue and groove connection. The advantage of a fold with an inclined overlap surface is that it reduces the sliding distance to a minimum. In order to increase the efficiency of machine prefabrication and automated pre- and/or final assembly of the building modules or their formwork, the fold within a building module can be arranged alternately with respect to the assembly direction, i.e., for example, in the case of vertical assembly of the building modules, the fold in the upper half of the building module can be cut out from the side facing the outside area and/or in the case of interiors of a building or structure, opposite the side facing an interior area and/or generally with respect to the cross section of the construction opposite the side facing a room outside the construction, whereas in the lower half of the building module it is cut out from the side facing the inside area and/or in the case of interiors of a building or structure, opposite the side facing the other interior area and/or generally with respect to the cross section of the construction opposite the side facing the other room outside the construction or vice versa. In addition, the embodiment of the fold can be designed to be machine-compatible for processing with rotary tools.

Construction module, connection and click system: An extended embodiment of the construction module consists in designing it with a connection and sealing point that is determined in its device aspect. In addition to a mutually overlapping fold in a rectangular shape or by means of an inclined overlapping surface (sheet tongue and groove), the formwork includes a click system. The overlapping surface of the formwork of one construction module has a material elevation in the form of a knob, edge and/or hook, while the mutually corresponding overlapping surface the formwork of the adjacent building module has a material recess in the form of a groove, fold and/or hook at the same point, so that when the adjacent building modules or their formwork are joined together, the material elevation of one overlapping surface and the material recess of the corresponding adjacent overlapping surface click into one another and are connected and secured in this way. The advantage of this click system is that adjacent building modules or their formwork can be additionally secured to one another during pre- and/or final assembly.

Construction module and geometric shape: An extended embodiment of the construction module consists in its shape and/or border being designed with a special geometric shape that can cover a flat or curved surface. The border and/or boundary surface of the construction module or, if present, a formwork is designed parallel to a wall, floor, ceiling or roof surface as a regular polygon (triangle, square, pentagon, hexagon, etc.) or irregular polygon, which is used either standing or lying down in relation to the pre- and/or final assembly. This embodiment can be advantageous with regard to improved handling of the construction module or, if present, its formwork with regard to prefabrication and/or pre- and/or final assembly and/or improved sealing and/or a reduced sliding distance. In addition, the border and/or boundary surface can be designed parallel to a wall, floor, ceiling or roof surface of a building module with mutually interlocking and interlocking corner and/or round profiles (45) so that in the final assembled state, for example, tensile forces from neighboring building modules can also be diverted. In order to be able to design rectangular boundary surfaces in relation to other building systems such as windows, doors, balconies, etc. or building closures such as reveals, corners, edges or in relation to other building modules, building modules with additional geometric shapes are required. In connection with the present invention, the geometric shape of the hexagon as the border and/or boundary surface of a building module or, if present, a formwork parallel to a wall, floor, ceiling or roof surface is particularly worth mentioning, in the embodiment of which in a horizontal arrangement the resulting sliding distance of the connecting and/or sealing surface of the formwork is minimal.

Construction module and composite geometric shape: An extended embodiment of the construction module consists in designing its shape and/or border with an additional, special geometric shape that can cover a flat or curved surface. The border and/or boundary surface of the construction module or, if present, a formwork parallel to a wall, floor, ceiling or roof surface consists of any composite geometric shapes. This embodiment can be advantageous with regard to improved handling of the construction module or, if present, its formwork with regard to prefabrication and/or pre- and/or final assembly and/or have an improved connection and/or sealing and/or a reduced sliding distance.

Construction module and hexagonal shape: A special embodiment of the construction module consists in combining its shape and/or border with an additional, special geometric shape that has a flat or curved surface. The border and/or boundary surface of the construction module or, if present, a formwork parallel to a wall, floor, ceiling or roof surface consists of a limited number of assembled hexagons. If the design of a construction module consists of three, four, five or more assembled hexagons, the combination of these construction modules has the property of being able to absorb and dissipate tensile forces in the structure in the final assembled state simply due to its geometry. In addition, this design results in surface effects with regard to the statics and dynamics of the structure. Furthermore, this design does not result in any continuous joints within the structure, which could possibly arise during pre- and/or final assembly. In connection with the present invention, the module shape assembled from four horizontal, alternately arranged hexagons as the boundary surface of the construction module or, if present, a formwork parallel to a wall, floor, ceiling or roof surface is particularly worthy of mention.

Modular building block: A special embodiment of the building module consists in expanding its shape and/or border so that the building module or, if present, the formwork covers a certain size scale. The border and/or boundary surface of the building module, which is designed with a simple or complex geometric shape, or, if present, its formwork, extends parallel to a wall, floor, ceiling or roof surface, within a size scale in the range of one square meter. This embodiment of the building module, which we call the modular building block, can be advantageous in terms of improved handling with regard to prefabrication and/or pre- and/or final assembly. Special mention should be made of the advantage of this embodiment of the construction module as a modular building block, particularly in wall constructions, which consists in the fact that during the gradual, partial or complete installation of the loose, flowable or liquid shell building material during pre- and/or final assembly, the formwork pressure only increases gradually or incrementally, per module building block height, and thus the total formwork pressure can be reduced in advance.

Construction module and beam or pillar: A special embodiment of the construction module consists in designing the beam or pillar described above, integrated into the component framework, in the form of a construction module, i.e. such a beam or pillar construction module corresponds to the beam or pillar in modular construction described above. In particular, the beam or pillar integrated into the component framework is formed from individual beam or pillar construction modules that are lined up and connected to one another. In addition to the mutual connection and sealing point of the formwork, if present, the beam or pillar bar profiles integrated into the beam or pillar construction module include connecting devices on their front side that connect adjacent beam or pillar construction modules to one another under tension and compression. These can be carried out by a screw, press and/or sliding connection, in particular by means of drilling, threading, dovetail, groove or notch connections, general milling or recesses or with commercially available fastening technology means and/or by means of special fastening technology means, such as pressing, drilling, threading, thread cutting and/or screw sleeves and/or screw-in nuts and/or sleeves with an external and/or internal thread. In addition to the above-described at least one reinforcement within at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells, the beam or pillar construction module comprises an additional embodiment of the reinforcement, such as a rod reinforcement, which is connected to one another within the fully assembled beam or pillar by means of a connecting mechanism (screw, plug, click or bolt connection) and penetrates and stiffens the beam or pillar along its entire length. For this purpose, the beam or pillar construction modules have corresponding holes or recesses. The rod reinforcement can also consist of at least one tension rod or tension cable introduced from one end of the fully assembled beam or pillar, or of at least two tension rods or tension cables introduced from both ends of the fully assembled beam or pillar, which are then connected to one another within the beam or pillar by means of a connecting mechanism (screw, plug, click or bolt connection) and anchored in the beam or pillar rod profiles by means of a tension anchor. The beam or pillar can be prestressed and/or raised.

Beam or pillar construction module and connection: A special embodiment of the beam or pillar construction module consists in designing it with a special sliding connection of the beam or pillar bar profiles to one another. The beam or pillar bar profiles of adjacent beam or pillar construction modules have mutually sliding and interlocking corner and/or round profiles on their front side, which connect the beam or pillar construction modules to one another in their longitudinal direction under tension and pressure. The sliding direction of the mutually interlocking corner and/or round profiles when they are assembled corresponds to the vertical assembly direction of the adjacently interlocking beam or pillar construction modules. To ensure that the mutual sliding connection of the beam or pillar bar profiles is not pushed apart in the sliding direction when the bar reinforcement is arranged at an angle (i.e. when the bar reinforcement direction is not parallel to the longitudinal axis of the beam or pillar bar profiles), the mutually interlocking corner and/or round profiles must include a sliding stop or a sliding limiter in their device aspect, which absorbs the diagonally acting forces of the bar reinforcement. The sliding stop or the sliding limiter can be designed using a conical shape of the corner and/or round profiles or using a mutually adjacent fold incorporated into the front side of the beam or pillar bar profiles in addition to the corner and/or round profiles.

The direction of the inclination of the bar reinforcement determines in its process aspect the order in which the beam or pillar construction modules are lined up and connected to one another. If the bar reinforcement is designed as a tension rod, the sliding stop or the sliding limit of the sliding connection of the beam or pillar bar profiles of the beam or pillar construction module in the middle of the beam or pillar acts on both front sides of the beam or pillar bar profiles in such a way that the adjacent beam or pillar construction modules attached on one side of the middle beam or pillar construction module only slide together in the sliding direction until the beam or pillar bar profile axes are aligned and the sliding stop or the sliding limit prevents further sliding in the sliding direction. The sliding stops or the sliding limits of the further attached Beam or pillar construction modules work in the same way. If the rod reinforcement is designed as a compression rod, the sliding stop or the sliding limitation works in the opposite way. In addition, the border and/or boundary surface can extend parallel to the floor, beam, pillar, ceiling, roof or structural surface of the beam or pillar construction module or, if present, the formwork and/or the beam or pillar rod profiles within a size scale in the range of one square meter. In this case, we are talking about a beam or pillar module building block. The special sliding connection of the beam or pillar rod profiles among each other can also be used as described above.

Construction and space travel: The above-described construction designs can also include extraterrestrial applications. The structural static and dynamic challenges mainly consist of the significant pressure difference between the interior and the building environment. The additional structural forces that arise are primarily tensile forces, but these can be managed with the above-described construction designs. In addition to the above-described precautions for sealing the construction from the outside and inside and/or in the case of interior spaces of a building or structure from the interior spaces and/or generally in relation to the cross-section of the construction from the spaces outside the construction, a surface seal is required over the entire inner surface of the construction. This can consist of a film, a thin coating or a thin covering made of plastic or metal and can be applied or mounted over the entire surface on the side of the shell facing the interior. This embodiment of a surface seal allows any damage or leaks to be repaired from the inside of the construction. In order to ensure that every single point on the interior surface of the structure is accessible for any repair of a leak in the surface sealing, the room-in-room concept is the ideal design for the structure. The part of the structure that separates the interior from the building's surroundings is built around the structure of the building's interior, without any connection to it, with the exception of the floor or in the case of penetrations.

Notes on the materialization of the wooden structural frame for extraterrestrial applications. Wood is already used in space travel (satellites). The experience gained in this will pave the way for more extensive, extraterrestrial applications of wood. The good strength/weight/volume ratio in combination with a shell construction material as described above and its reinforcement as well as the ease of processing make wood an interesting building material for extraterrestrial applications. The strength of wood remains the same over large temperature and pressure ranges. On the one hand, there is the possibility that a certain residual moisture at low temperatures and low pressures (vacuum) will further increase the strength of wood. On the other hand, the bursting of any closed-pore wood cells at low pressures statistically occurs at the weakest point within a wood pore, i.e. within the surface and not at a web of the wood pore that has formed in the contact area with more than one adjacent, neighboring wood pore. This possible impairment of the strength of wood at low pressures can, statistically speaking, presumably be neglected. The possible material decomposition due to the additional exposure to intense sun, solar and cosmic radiation as well as the erosive contact with free molecules determines the design of the component framework in the form of a building module, a modular building block, a support or pillar building module and/or a support or pillar modular building block as a component made of wood in connection with the design of the preferably existing shell building material, which can also take on a shielding function.

The above-described design of the connection, sealing and/or anchoring using mutually expanding wooden components and the angled arrangement of the gap and/or beam or pillar spacers allows glue-free connections, sealing and/or anchoring to be carried out, which is a decisive advantage for extraterrestrial applications. In addition, the statistical approach to the structural statics and dynamics using, for example, a large number of finely dimensioned gap spacers distributed over the entire surface of the shell bordered by at least two spaced-apart shells and enclosed between them is a decisive advantage not only for terrestrial applications, but also in particular for extraterrestrial applications, since the structure-specific force distributions can also be treated statistically and converted from point to surface forces.

All of the general, extended and specific embodiments of the construction, the component framework, the construction module, the modular building block, the beam, the pillar, the beam or pillar construction module and/or the beam or pillar modular building block described above can be combined in their embodiment with and among each other, if appropriate in the context of the present invention.

The technical components of the construction

The combination and integration of technical components with and in the various embodiments of the construction can, in a preferred embodiment, form a thermally active construction in its device aspect. The technical components consist on the one hand of a.) building or supply technology elements which, with the help of a control process and suitable heat transport media such as a coolant and/or a secondary medium, manage the controlled supply and removal of heat into and out of the construction. This is done via heating and/or cooling circuits and/or circuits with secondary medium or their miniaturized heating and/or cooling units integrated directly into the construction. The immediate building environment serves as a calorific heat bath (as a heat and/or cold source), which provides the required heat energy for the heating and/or cooling circuits and/or circuits with secondary medium or their miniaturized heating and/or cooling units and thus for the heat balance of the building or structure via coolant-air and/or plate heat exchangers. The function of the heat prepared and transported via the building or supply technology elements is to i. actively compensate for thermal transmission losses of the reduced thermal insulation of the construction in its device aspect and ii. to prepare the heating and/or cooling function via component temperature control by means of thermal radiation in the interior and/or exterior of the building or structure and thus to ensure thermal comfort for the users and/or residents.

The surface of the construction facing the interior serves as a heat radiation surface for heating and/or cooling applications using heat radiation in the interior of the building or structure, and the surface of the construction facing the exterior serves as a heat radiation surface for heating and/or cooling applications using heat radiation in the exterior of the building or structure. The two heat requirements i.) and ii.) described above have the special property in relation to the present invention that they do not occur in a point-like manner, but as surface effects. It is therefore the task of the building or supply technology to prepare the controlled supply and removal of heat into and out of the construction in the form of building physics surface effects. This is achieved with a maximum degree of decentralization of the heating and cooling function, which is carried out by means of heating and/or cooling circuits and/or circuits with secondary medium or their miniaturized heating and/or cooling units that are distributed over the entire building or structure surface as required, positioned at suitable locations and integrated into the construction. These include miniaturized heating and/or cooling units, which obtain the required heat directly from the calorific environment of the building or the structure and/or the construction itself on site using coolant-air and/or plate heat exchangers, transport it across it and distribute it within the construction via lines integrated into it. Since there are limits to the decentralization of the heating and cooling function, i.e. the miniaturization of the heating and cooling units, the remaining and thus uniform distribution of heat within the construction is ensured with the help of the preferably provided shell building material and its heat capacity. In order to achieve a high degree of decentralization, also with regard to the energy supply of the miniaturized heating and cooling units, these can be designed directly combined with miniaturized PV panels and battery storage units.

On the other hand, the technical components integrated into the construction comprise b.) measurement and/or control technology elements which carry out the execution of the thermal function of the construction in its process aspect as specified by a control method provided according to a further independent aspect of the invention. They record measured variables such as temperature, pressure, humidity and physical measured variables of thermal radiation at all locations provided for this purpose, in particular in the outside and/or inside of the building or structure, on the outside and/or inside surfaces of the construction and/or within the construction and prepare them in the form of signals as input information of a thermally relevant state variable for the control method. In particular, the physical variables of thermal radiation can e.g. obtained by measuring the difference between the local surface temperature of the structure and the local air temperature in the vicinity of the structure. Furthermore, the measurement and/or control technology elements process, transmit and regulate the control commands specified by the control process and passed on to the respective devices and units of the building or supply technology and provide feedback on the system states to the control system.

Construction and building or supply technology: A possible, optional embodiment of the construction as well as the general embodiment of the building or supply technology consists of the combination and integration of their elements and components in their device aspect into the construction. The building or supply technology elements in their device aspect include in particular all types of lines, pipes and/or hoses as well as valves, containers, pumps, compressors, filters, dryers, Schrader valves, sight glasses, capillaries and/or all types of heat exchangers and conventional components of refrigeration and/or heat pump technology. They are designed and configured for the transport and/or storage of a fluid which consists of air, an air mixture, a gas, a gas mixture, a liquid or a mixture of liquids and/or all types of refrigerants. The fluid can be in a constant state of aggregation/phase within the components of the building or supply technology or its state of aggregation/phase can change due to the effects of specially designed components of the same, in particular due to the thermal effects of compressors and/or evaporators/condensers. The building or supply technology elements seal the transport and storage of the fluid in their device and/or process aspect from the outside and inside of the building or structure, from at least one of the at least two shells spaced apart from one another and from the space between them and enclosed between them.

Construction and HK unit: A possible, optional embodiment of the building or supply technology consists of closed, two-phase fluid circuits integrated into the construction, which are designed and configured as heating and/or cooling circuits and which, via their fluid lines and with the help of the miniaturized heating and/or cooling units, bring about the controlled supply and removal of heat into and out of the construction. The amounts of heat in relation to the phase transitions of evaporation and liquefaction of a fluid, in this case a refrigerant, are used for the heat balance of the construction. On the one hand, they are designed and configured as conventional cooling or refrigeration circuits, whereby in this case the miniaturized refrigeration unit, consisting of a compressor, the condenser as a refrigerant-air heat exchanger and other conventional components of a refrigeration circuit, is positioned on the side of the shell facing the outside area. In this case, the evaporator consists of a fluid line section of the refrigeration circuit, which is installed within at least one of the at least two shells spaced apart from one another. This cooling circuit is located within at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells and/or the space delimited by them and enclosed between them and in the immediate outer area of the the side of the shell of the structure facing the outside area. On the other hand, the closed fluid circuits can be designed and configured as conventional heating or heat pump circuits, in which case the miniaturized heating unit, consisting of a compressor, the evaporator as a coolant-air heat exchanger and other conventional components of a heat pump circuit, is positioned on the side of the shell facing the outside area. In this case, the condenser consists of a fluid line section of the heat pump circuit, which is arranged within at least one of the at least two shells spaced apart from one another. This heating circuit is located within at least one of the at least two shells spaced apart from one another and/or the space delimited by them and enclosed between them, and in the immediate outside area of the side of the shell of the structure facing the outside area.

Construction and plate heat exchanger: A possible, optional embodiment of the building or supply technology consists in implementing at least one plate heat exchanger for a secondary heat transport medium such as water, glycol or a mixture of the same for each closed, two-phase fluid circuit integrated into the construction, which is designed and configured as heating and/or cooling circuits and via whose fluid lines and with the help of the miniaturized heating and/or cooling units the controlled supply and removal of heat into and out of the construction. The plate heat exchanger generally takes on the function of the evaporator and/or the condenser within the heating and/or cooling circuit. The plate heat exchanger can be configured within the heating and/or cooling circuit via the fluid lines of the secondary heat transport medium for heating and/or cooling applications in the interior of the building or structure, such as component, wall, floor, ceiling heating and/or cooling, and/or via the fluid lines of the secondary heat transport medium for supplying and removing heat from the calorific environment of the building or structure and/or the construction itself, such as geothermal energy, brine, etc. It can be positioned and arranged partially or completely on the side of the shell facing the outside area, within one of the at least two shells spaced apart from one another, within the space delimited by them and enclosed between them, or on the side of the shell facing the inside area, facing the inside area.

The heating and/or cooling circuits and/or secondary medium circuits integrated into the structure or their miniaturized heating and/or cooling units can be used for heating and/or cooling applications by means of thermal radiation both inside and outside the building or structure.

Construction and PV: A possible, optional embodiment of the building or supply technology includes in its device aspect photovoltaic panels and/or photovoltaic systems together with their control elements as well as components for the transport and storage of electrical power (batteries, capacitors or their combination), Overpressure/negative pressure (pressure storage vessel), moisture (porous, open-pored material), heat (materials with high heat capacity, latent heat storage and phase change materials PCM) and/or storage media for at least one state of aggregation of the fluid, in particular a refrigerant.

Construction and condensate: A possible, optional embodiment of the building or supply technology consists of building or supply technology integrated into the construction.

Supply technology elements which, in their device aspect, collect and discharge in a controlled manner the condensate which accumulates as condensed air humidity on the cooling surfaces at temperatures below the dew point of the surrounding air. These can consist on the one hand of porous, open-pored materials in the form of panels, plates and/or fleeces, and on the other hand of specially designed and configured fluid or liquid lines, capillary tubes and optionally in combination with means of conveying the condensate such as pumps.

Construction and fluid lines: A possible, optional embodiment of the building or supply technology consists in routing and installing the fluid lines of the heating and/or cooling circuits and/or circuits with secondary medium or their miniaturized heating and/or cooling units from the side of the shell facing the outside area to suitable locations within the construction. At least one of the at least two shells spaced apart from one another and/or in the space between them delimited and enclosed between them comprises at least sections of fluid lines which are installed using loops arranged in a predetermined geometry, for example meandering, or another suitable line geometry, e.g. adapted to the space. If the fluid lines are laid out at least in sections in at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells, they are at least partially embedded in the shell material and are in direct contact with it, i.e. they are directly adjacent to the shell material or are provided with suitable heat-conducting materials, which in turn are in direct contact with the shell material. The fluid lines can consist of conventional and/or commercially available line profiles and materials or they can be manufactured by means of additive manufacturing (3D printing), by means of injection and/or die casting or by means of pressing or punching and consist of the materials specially suitable for this purpose. The fluid lines seal the transport and storage of the fluid in their device and process aspect at least with respect to the outside and inside of the building or structure, with respect to at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells and with respect to the space delimited by them and enclosed between them.

Construction and extended fluid line: A possible, optional embodiment of the building or supply technology consists of fluid lines for the heating and/or cooling circuits and/or the circuits with secondary medium or their miniaturized heating and/or cooling units, which consist of porous, open-pored materials, in extreme cases also of wood, and are located at least in sections within at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells and/or within the space delimited by them and enclosed between them. They are connected and sealed and are in fluid contact with the fluid lines of the heating and/or cooling circuit and/or the circuit with secondary medium or their miniaturized heating and/or cooling units and can consist of special line profiles and materials and/or they can be manufactured by means of additive manufacturing (3D printing), by means of injection and/or die casting or by means of pressing or punching and consist of the materials specially suitable for this purpose. The fluid lines seal the transport and storage of the fluid in their device and process aspect at least with respect to the outside and inside of the building or structure, with respect to at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells and with respect to the space delimited by them and enclosed between them.

HK unit and pipe routing: One possible, optional embodiment of the building or supply technology is to design the individual heating and/or cooling circuits with multiple injection of the coolant. On the one hand, the refrigeration circuit, as a cooling circuit, has several evaporator components such as evaporators, partial evaporators, plate heat exchangers and/or several fluid line sections with uniform or different lengths that act as evaporators. On the other hand, the heat pump circuit, as a heating circuit, has several condenser components such as condensers, partial condensers, plate heat exchangers and/or several line sections with uniform or different lengths that act as condensers. The coolant is injected into several fluid line sections and/or several evaporators and/or condensers using conventional injection valves, expansion valves, capillary tubes, capillary tube distributors and/or distributor devices for multiple injection. The evaporator and/or condenser performance can be determined either by means of controllable injection valves, expansion valves, by means of different lengths of the capillary tubes and/or by means of variable compressor performance. In order to increase the uniform heat transfer in the evaporator and/or condenser components from the refrigerant to the ambient medium in relation to its surface effect, the routing of the fluid lines in the flow direction can include elevations (line dents) and/or depressions (line sacks) so that the flow of the refrigerant is either promoted or delayed. The multiple injection of the refrigerant can also be used to arrange the individual evaporator and/or condenser components at different locations within the structure within a single heating and/or cooling circuit. In particular, the individual evaporator and/or condenser components can be positioned and arranged at least within at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells and/or within the space delimited by them and enclosed between them.

Construction and HK unit: A possible, optional embodiment of the building or supply technology is to supplement the individual heating and/or cooling circuits with a 4-way valve or a circuit of valves with 4-way function. On the one hand, the configuration of a heating circuit can be converted into a configuration which has both a Heating circuit and a cooling circuit. On the other hand, the configuration of a cooling circuit can be converted into a configuration which includes both a cooling circuit and a heating circuit. In particular, with this extended embodiment of the building or supply technology, a closed, two-phase fluid circuit can be designed and configured together with a corresponding thermal unit which includes both the heating and the cooling function. In the case of this extended embodiment, the devices for injecting the coolant in the heating and/or cooling circuit are adapted accordingly to the 4-way function.

Compressor circuits: A possible, optional embodiment of the building or supply technology consists in arranging the individual compressors of a heating and/or cooling circuit with a circuit of at least two compressors. The at least two compressors can be connected in parallel, which corresponds to an increase in the total heating and/or cooling capacity of the heating and/or cooling circuit. Or the at least two compressors can be connected in series, which corresponds to an extension of the thermal operating range of the heating and/or cooling circuit. In the case of the embodiment with at least three compressors, a combination of parallel and serial connection of the individual compressors can also be used.

HK unit and heat radiation surface: A possible, optional embodiment of the building or supply technology is to supplement the refrigerant-air heat exchanger in its device aspect with heat radiation surfaces so that additional heat energy conveyed by means of heat radiation can be exchanged via the immediate building environment as a calorific heat bath (as a heat and/or cold source) and used for the heat balance of the building or structure.

HK unit and outdoor application: A possible, optional embodiment of the building or supply technology consists in at least one closed, two-phase fluid circuit integrated into the structure, which is designed and configured as a heating and/or cooling circuit and/or as a circuit with secondary medium and, via its fluid lines and with the help of a miniaturized heating and/or cooling unit, causes the controlled supply and removal of heat into and out of the structure for heating and/or cooling applications by means of thermal radiation in the outdoor area of the building or structure or as an independent, miniaturized heating and/or cooling system for heating and/or cooling applications by means of thermal radiation in the outdoor area. At least one surface of the structure facing the outdoor area, in particular a wall, floor, support, pillar, ceiling and/or roof structure and/or a cantilevered structure such as canopies, balconies or fire walls of a building or structure, serves at least in sections as a thermal radiation surface for heating and/or cooling applications by means of thermal radiation in the outdoor area of the building or structure. In its general embodiment, the construction acts as a thermal separation surface between the calorific environment of the building or structure, which serves as a heat and/or cold source for the coolant-air and/or plate heat exchanger of the heating and/or cooling circuit, and the environment of the building or structure, which is heated and/or cooled by means of thermal radiation. In particular, the building or supply technology can be configured such that the construction does not serve as a thermal separation surface as described above, but that both the thermal radiation surface for the heating and/or cooling application by means of thermal radiation in the outdoor area and the calorific environment, which serves as a heat and/or cold source for the coolant-air and/or plate heat exchanger of the heating and/or cooling circuit, are located on the same side of the construction facing the outdoor area. This embodiment can be used in particular to actively melt snow on roofs, for example, or generally to influence and change the thermal image on the side of the construction facing the calorific environment of the building or structure.

HK unit and IR panel: A possible, optional embodiment of the building or supply technology consists in implementing at least one closed, two-phase fluid circuit, which is designed and configured as a heating and/or cooling circuit and/or as a circuit with secondary medium or their miniaturized heating and/or cooling units, with a separate heat radiation panel, which is at least partially or completely integrated into the side of the structure facing the inside and/or outside area and/or is located outside the structure on the side of the shell facing the inside area and/or on the side of the shell facing the outside area. The heat radiation panel takes over the function of the evaporator and/or the condenser within the heating and/or cooling circuit via fluid lines of the heating and/or cooling circuit integrated and/or embedded in the same and/or the heat radiation panel is flowed through by means of fluid lines integrated and/or embedded in the same with a secondary medium, which is supplied via a plate heat exchanger through the heating and/or cooling circuit with controlled supply and removal of heat. The heat radiation panel is designed and configured in its device aspect as a heat radiation surface and can be in the form of plates, panels, pressed materials, sheets, textiles, fleeces or films and their materialization can include metal, plastic, composite materials, fiber materials (metal, plastic, stone, glass) and/or a combination and/or a composite of the aforementioned or consist of other materials in flat form. Special mention should be made of porous, open-pore materials with good thermal conductivity such as a fleece or Alusion, which can be used as an embodiment for the heat radiation panel. In this case, the evaporator and/or condenser consist of a fluid line section which is embedded in the porous, open-pored material and is in direct contact with the same, i.e. it is directly adjacent to the porous, open-pored material or it is provided with suitable heat-conducting materials which in turn are in direct contact with the porous, open-pored material and/or they are connected by means of fluid lines integrated and/or embedded in the same to a secondary medium which is supplied via a plate heat exchanger through the heating and/or cooling circuit with controlled supply and removal of heat. The radiant heat panel can be used for radiant heating and/or cooling applications both inside and outside the building or structure, or as a stand-alone heating and/or cooling system for radiant heating and/or cooling applications outside.

Construction and capillaries: A possible, optional embodiment of the building or supply technology consists in designing the construction with integrated and embedded fluid lines and/or capillary tubes, which have the task of draining the condensate that occurs in the cooling load case, which occurs in the form of condensed air humidity on the cooling surface of the construction at temperatures below the dew point temperature, and of passing it across the construction to a surface facing the outside, so that when it exits the fluid lines and/or the capillary tube, it can evaporate into one of the at least two spaced-apart shells and/or into the calorific environment of the building or structure. The embodiment consists in guiding and arranging the fluid lines and/or capillary tubes from the side of the shell facing the interior area facing the interior area across the structure to suitable locations on the side facing the exterior area of a suitable one of the at least two spaced-apart shells and/or the side of the shell of the structure facing the exterior area facing the exterior area. The fluid lines and/or the capillary tubes traverse at least in sections at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells and/or the gap delimited by them and enclosed between them in a direction that is perpendicular or inclined to the surface of the side of the shell facing the exterior area facing the exterior area. They end shortly before or at the level of the surface facing the exterior area of a suitable one of the at least two spaced-apart shells and/or the surface of the shell of the structure facing the exterior area facing the exterior area, or they protrude in a suitable manner in front of it and end within one of the at least two spaced-apart shells and enclosed between them and/or in the exterior area of the building or structure.

The fluid lines and/or capillary tubes can be made of commercially available line profiles and materials, such as plastic, metal or glass, or they can be manufactured using additive manufacturing (3D printing), injection molding and/or die casting or pressing or punching and made of materials that are specifically suitable for this purpose. In addition, the design of the fluid lines and/or capillary tubes can be combined with porous, open-pore materials such as fleece, which collect the condensate on the cooling surface and feed it to the capillary tubes for further drainage. The direct drainage of the condensate on the cooling surface of the structure via a surface facing the outside inside and/or outside the structure has an extremely important thermal advantage. The amount of heat energy of the condensation heat of the condensate, which the cooling unit has to provide in addition to the cooling capacity, is reduced when evaporating within and/or on the outside of the building or structure, it is extracted again as evaporation heat. In conventional condensate removal systems, this amount of heat energy from the condensation heat is irretrievably lost and cannot be used for the heat balance of the structure, which contributes significantly to the inefficiency of conventional cooling systems. The above-described design of the fluid lines and/or the capillary tubes can also be used for cooling applications using thermal radiation outdoors. In addition, the above-described design of the capillary tubes can also be used in conjunction with the above-described thermal radiation panels.

HK unit and construction module/modular component: A possible, optional embodiment of the building or supply technology consists in integrating the heating and/or cooling circuits and/or the circuits with secondary medium or their miniaturized heating and/or cooling units with the fluid lines, the PV panels, the battery storage units, the fluid lines and/or the capillary tubes as well as other components of the building or supply technology as such directly into the component framework in the form of a single or entire component or a construction module, a modular component, a support or pillar module and/or a support or pillar module component. The embodiments of the building or supply technology described above and the embodiments of the construction described above refer to the component framework in the form of a single or entire component or a construction module, a modular component, a support or pillar module and/or a support or pillar module component. In addition, the building or supply technology can be expanded so that the multiple injection of the coolant and the associated embodiments of the construction also include several individual or entire components or construction modules, modular components, support or pillar modules and/or support or pillar module components. The coolant is injected at least once per individual or entire component or construction module, modular component, support or pillar module and/or support or

Pillar module component injected. In addition, the distribution devices of the multiple injection can be designed and configured such that several individual or entire components or building modules, modular building blocks, carrier or pillar modules and/or carrier or pillar module building blocks are combined in a single heating and/or cooling circuit and/or a circuit with secondary medium or their miniaturized heating and/or cooling units, in particular such that the fluid lines and/or miniaturized heating and/or cooling units integrated in an individual or entire component or building module, modular building block, carrier or pillar module and/or carrier or pillar module building block are connected and sealed to the fluid lines and/or miniaturized heating and/or cooling units and/or the circuits with secondary medium or their miniaturized heating and/or cooling units of at least one adjacent individual or entire component or building module, modular building block, carrier or pillar module and/or carrier or pillar module building block and are in fluid contact.

Construction and measurement and/or control technology: The general embodiment of the measurement and/or control technology consists, as far as the device aspect is concerned, of the combination and integration of its elements and components into the construction. These include in particular all Types of electrical cables as well as sensor means, probes, actuator means, servomotors, measuring devices, general hardware and/or general input means for recording or entering construction-specific values or thermally relevant state variables, in particular measured or estimated outside and/or inside temperatures, outside and/or inside surface temperatures, temperatures at any location within the structure, sunlight intensity, physical quantities of thermal radiation in the outside and/or inside area, moisture contents and/or physical quantities of sound and/or vibration propagation, which serve the control process as input and/or output means and are operatively connected to it.

Technical components and building module/modular building block: A possible, optional

The embodiment of the measuring and/or control technology elements consists in integrating them as such directly into the component framework in the form of an individual or entire component or a construction module, a modular component, a support or pillar module and/or a support or pillar module component. The embodiments of the measuring and/or control technology elements described above and the embodiments of the construction described above relate to the component framework in the form of an individual or entire component or a construction module, a modular component, a support or pillar module and/or a support or pillar module component.

Technical components and space travel: A possible, optional embodiment of the technical components such as building or supply technology elements and/or measurement and/or control technology elements is to design them for heating and/or cooling applications using thermal radiation for extraterrestrial applications. It should be mentioned in particular that the condenser and/or evaporator of the heating and/or cooling circuit and/or the circuit with secondary medium or their miniaturized heating and/or cooling units, which is positioned on the side of the shell facing the outside area, is designed and configured as a refrigerant heat exchanger that absorbs or releases the required thermal energy for the heating and/or cooling circuits and/or circuits with secondary medium and thus for the heat balance of the building or structure by means of heat exchange with the calorific heat bath (as a heat and/or cold source) in the immediate vicinity of the building or structure and/or by means of thermal radiation.

All of the above-described possible, optional embodiments of the technical components of the construction, such as building or supply technology elements and/or measurement and/or control technology elements, can be combined with and among each other in their device aspect, but also with regard to the various method aspects, if appropriate in the context of the present invention.

The control procedure

The combination and integration of a control method with and in the various embodiments of the construction and the technical components forms a thermally active Construction in its device and process aspect. The control method includes both i.) the process-related control of the thermal compensation of thermal transmission losses of the reduced thermal insulation of the construction in its device aspect and ii.) the process-related control of thermal radiation in the interior and/or exterior of the building or structure. This is achieved by integrating both the components of the building or supply technology and the components of the measurement and/or control technology in their process aspect into the various embodiments of the construction by means of the control method. The control method reads, compares, calculates and/or processes input information of values or input information of a thermally relevant state variable, converts these into rule-based control commands and forwards these by means of control technology to the building or supply technology elements, which in turn trigger the thermal effects by means of the technical components.

The input information can include real-time signals, measured variables and/or internally or externally processed information of a value, in particular a construction-specific value or input information of a thermally relevant state variable. In addition, the input information can include stored information or thermally relevant information from publicly accessible sources that are thermally relevant to the thermal balance of the building or structure, as well as information that is in the form of forecasts and predictions and is thermally relevant with regard to the thermal balance of the building or structure. Examples of this are: construction-specific values or thermally relevant state variables, in particular measured or estimated outside and/or inside temperatures, outside and/or inside surface temperatures, temperatures at any location within the structure, sunlight intensity, physical quantities of thermal radiation outside and/or inside, moisture content and/or physical quantities of sound and/or vibration propagation as well as general information on weather and climate, information on the building environment such as physical conditions, geographical and climatic location, orientation of the building or structure as well as information on development, vegetation and general topological conditions outside the building or structure. Other examples are information on building use, divisions and arrangements of the interior spaces such as room and floor layouts as well as specific physical or psychological needs of the users and/or residents.

The control process is based on software (electronic data processing) that electronically reads, compares, calculates and/or processes the input information, converts it into suitable data formats and uses this to create rule-based control commands that are read, interpreted and converted into thermal effects by the building or supply technology elements using control technology. The process-based control of thermal radiation inside and/or outside the building or structure corresponds to the process-based control of the physical quantities of thermal radiation, which on the one hand consists of its intensity and on the other hand of its temperature in relation to the wavelength and frequency of the thermal radiation. In its general embodiment, the control method influences the heating and/or cooling circuits and/or circuits with secondary medium or their miniaturized heating and/or cooling units, which are distributed as required over the entire building or structure surface and integrated into the construction, and it is possible to design the control method in different ways. On the one hand, the control method can be designed centrally, i.e. implemented using a central control unit which centrally reads in, compares, calculates, prepares and processes the required input information and then controls the individual heating and/or cooling circuits and/or circuits with secondary medium or their miniaturized heating and/or cooling units either individually or in groups using centrally generated, rule-based control commands. On the other hand, the control process can be designed in a decentralized manner and consist of several independent control processes, i.e. implemented using decentralized control units, in which each individual control unit reads in, compares, calculates, prepares and processes the required input information and then controls the individual heating and/or cooling circuits and/or circuits with secondary medium or their miniaturized heating and/or cooling units either individually or in groups using decentrally generated, rule-based control commands. The decentralized control units can be assigned directly to individual or grouped heating and/or cooling circuits and/or circuits with secondary medium or their miniaturized heating and/or cooling units or to individual or grouped measurement and/or control technology elements, or they can also work by means of an independent assignment.

In addition to reading in, comparing, calculating and/or processing input information as described above, the control method, which is designed to be either central or decentralized, uses occurring, estimated or calculated building physics effects for the heat balance of the building or structure that arise due to the device aspect of the construction. These can manifest themselves, for example, as phase shifts, gradients of temperature, pressure, humidity, sound and/or vibration intensities or heat and humidity transmission, or can generally be summarized as time-varying building physics variables. Furthermore, in addition to thermal effects induced by control technology to carry out the heating and/or cooling function by means of thermal radiation, the control method induces general building physics effects that spread and manifest themselves depending on the device aspect of the construction in order to control the heat balance of the building or structure. This is basically done by filling, transporting, compressing, liquefying, evaporating, circulating or emptying a fluid such as, for example, water. B. of a refrigerant or a secondary medium within the building or supply technology elements provided for this purpose.

A general embodiment of the control method, which is designed either centrally or decentrally, for i.) the procedural control of the thermal compensation of thermal transmission losses of the reduced thermal insulation of the construction in its device aspect, further consists in controlling the local heat flow due to the transmission losses with a and dissipating heat through a corresponding heating and/or cooling circuit and/or circuit with secondary medium or its miniaturized heating and/or cooling unit, to slow down or thereby compensate for the local heat flow that is independently prepared and supplied. The process control of the compensation of the transmission losses can consist of a control sequence as follows. The control process reads, compares, calculates and/or processes the actual value of the physical quantity of the heat flow of the transmission losses, which is available as input information in the form of a measured quantity, with the target value of the physical quantity of the heat flow of the transmission losses, which is available as input information in the form of a stored or calculated value. If the difference between the actual value and the target value of the physical size of the heat flow of the transmission losses exceeds a predefined range, the control method triggers a rule-based control command which puts the heating and/or cooling circuit and/or circuit with secondary medium or its miniaturized heating and/or cooling unit, responsible for the corresponding location within the structure, into operation and keeps it in operation until the actual value and the target value of the physical size of the heat flow of the transmission losses are again in the predefined range. Based on stored, estimated or calculated values, the required heat flow can be provided and implemented with a constant output of the corresponding heating and/or cooling circuit and/or circuit with secondary medium or its miniaturized heating and/or cooling unit or at time intervals with variable output of the corresponding heating and/or cooling circuit and/or circuit with secondary medium or its miniaturized heating and/or cooling unit.

A general embodiment of the control method, which is designed either centrally or decentrally, for ii.) procedural control of the thermal radiation inside and/or outside the building or structure can further consist of a control sequence which maintains and keeps constant the physical quantities of the thermal radiation inside and/or outside the building or structure within a predefined, physical range. The control method reads, compares, calculates and/or processes the actual value of the physical quantity of the thermal radiation, which is present as input information in the form of a measured quantity, with the target value of the physical quantity of the thermal radiation, which is present as input information in the form of a stored, estimated or calculated value. If the difference between the actual value and the target value of the physical quantity of thermal radiation exceeds a predefined range, the control method triggers a rule-based control command which starts up the heating and/or cooling circuit and/or circuit with secondary medium or its miniaturized heating and/or cooling unit, responsible for the corresponding location inside and/or outside the building or structure, and keeps it in operation until the actual value and the target value of the physical quantity of thermal radiation are again within the predefined range. In this case, based on input information previously entered by the user and/or resident regarding their preferences for the indoor and/or outdoor climate, the required amount of thermal energy can be achieved within a short period of time with high performance of the corresponding heating and/or cooling circuit and/or circuit. with secondary medium or its miniaturized heating and/or cooling unit or over a longer period of time with low output of the corresponding heating and/or cooling circuit and/or circuit with secondary medium or its miniaturized heating and/or cooling unit.

The two general control sequences described above for i.) procedural control of the thermal compensation of thermal transmission losses of the reduced thermal insulation of the construction in its device aspect and for ii.) procedural control of the thermal radiation in the interior and/or exterior of the building or structure can be expanded and extended in various embodiments. In addition, they can be carried out either independently of one another or in a coupled manner. Furthermore, all conventional and commercially available embodiments of the control sequences can be used within the control method described here.

Extended control method: A possible, optional embodiment of the control method, which is designed either centrally or decentrally, consists in exploiting the building physics effects that manifest themselves or are induced by the control method due to the device aspect of the construction inside or in the immediate interior and/or exterior of the building or structure, for the heat balance inside the building or structure or for the heating and/or cooling application by means of thermal radiation inside and/or outside the building or structure. The control method reads, compares, calculates and/or processes the input information based on the building physics effects and translates them into rule-based control commands that are read, interpreted and converted into thermal effects by the building or supply technology elements using control technology.

Control method and characteristic map: A possible, optional embodiment of the control method, which is designed either centrally or decentrally, consists in expanding it with a previously defined, designed and programmed, one- or multi-dimensional characteristic map. The control method reads, compares, calculates and/or processes the input information specified by the characteristic map into rule-based control commands, which are read by the building or supply technology elements using control technology, interpreted and converted into thermal effects.

Control method and outdoor area: A possible, optional embodiment of the control method, which is designed either centrally or decentrally, consists in the procedural control of the thermal radiation in the outdoor area of the building or structure. This embodiment of the control method can be used in particular to provide and control heating and/or cooling applications by means of thermal radiation in the outdoor area of the building or structure. The control method reads, compares, calculates and/or processes the input information which is specified by the physical quantities of the thermal radiation in the outdoor area of the building or structure. rule-based control commands that are read, interpreted and converted into thermal effects by the building or supply technology elements using control technology.

Intelligent control system: A possible, optional embodiment of the control method, which is designed either centrally or decentrally, is to implement it as an intelligent measurement and/or control system. The software of the intelligent measurement and/or control system reads, compares, calculates and/or processes and/or creates additional input information in the form of specially executed model calculations and/or comparison tasks. Furthermore, the software of the intelligent measurement and/or control system can be equipped with and/or networked with artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, in particular with algorithms for statistical learning. The control method reads, compares, calculates and/or processes the input information specified by the intelligent measurement and/or control system into rule-based control commands that are read, interpreted and converted into thermal effects by the building or supply technology elements using control technology. The following embodiment can be considered as an example of an intelligent control system that is designed decentrally. Each of the heating and/or cooling circuits and/or circuits with secondary medium or their miniaturized heating and/or cooling units, which are distributed as required over the entire building or structure surface and integrated into the construction, is assigned a decentralized control unit which has its own, independently acting decentralized control process implemented and which has measuring and/or control technology elements distributed as required over the entire building or structure surface and integrated into the construction, and whose input information can also be shared with other decentralized control units. In addition, any control information from other external heating and/or cooling circuits and/or circuits with secondary medium or their miniaturized heating and/or cooling units or their measuring and/or control technology elements located in the same building or structure or in other buildings or structures in the immediate vicinity or other buildings or structures, e.g. those in the same climate zone, is transmitted to the decentralized control unit. The decentralized control process executes algorithms of artificial intelligence (AI), in particular algorithms for statistical learning, and can learn from its own current or stored input information and/or from external, current or stored input information. In addition, the decentralized control system can continuously improve its own control algorithm and compare it with the current thermal condition of the building or structure and use this to calculate, estimate or derive trends about the thermal condition of a building or structure. Furthermore, the individual, decentralized control units can exchange the input information they have created and learned, as well as information from the rule-based control commands generated from it, and provide them with additional, nested learning functions. Control methods and embodiments: A possible, optional embodiment of the control method, which is designed either centrally or decentrally, consists in applying i.) the procedural control of the physical size of the heat flow of the transmission losses or ii.) the procedural control of the physical size of the thermal radiation in the interior and/or exterior to all of the above-described embodiments and device aspects of both the design and the technical components for heating and/or cooling applications by means of thermal radiation in the interior and/or exterior of the building or structure. The control method reads, compares, calculates and/or processes the input information specified by the physical sizes of the heat flow of the transmission losses and/or by the physical sizes of the thermal radiation in the interior and/or exterior of the building or structure into rule-based control commands that are read, interpreted and converted into thermal effects by the building or supply technology elements using control technology.

Control method and space travel: A possible, optional embodiment of the control method, which is designed either centrally or decentrally, consists in expanding the above-described embodiments of the control method for heating and/or cooling applications using thermal radiation for extraterrestrial applications. The control method reads, compares, calculates and/or processes the input information, which is specified by the physical quantities of the heat flow of the transmission losses and/or by the physical quantities of the thermal radiation inside and/or outside the building or structure, into rule-based control commands, which are read by the building or supply technology elements using control technology, interpreted and converted into thermal effects.

All of the above-described possible, optional embodiments of the control method, which is designed either centrally or decentrally, can be combined with and among each other in their method aspect, if appropriate in the context of the present invention.

The manufacturing process

The process for producing the construction includes several process aspects. On the one hand, the component framework must be manufactured and created in its multi-shell construction. On the other hand, the at least two spaced-apart shells provided for this purpose must be filled at least partially or completely with the loose, flowable or liquid shell building material during pre- and/or final assembly if necessary. In addition, a large number of technical components are integrated and assembled in all process steps. There are various options for how the construction can be manufactured. In principle, the construction can be created conventionally and with the conventional means and processes of construction practice. The raw materials, which are delivered directly to the construction site in their raw form or with a low degree of prefabrication, are processed into the building structure with a high proportion of manual work and with the help of the usual construction tools. The component framework, which has at least two spaced-apart shells, is Shells and the space between them and enclosed between them are constructed floor by floor and, if necessary, with simultaneous, at least partial or complete installation of the shell construction material in the at least two spaced-apart shells provided for this purpose. However, this conventional procedure for constructing the construction would destroy its added value during its manufacture, since many of the components that characterize the present invention would have to be assembled in laborious, detailed work, which would be associated with poor cost efficiency.

Another method for producing the structure is modular construction. In this case, the component framework of the individual components such as wall, floor, beam, pillar, ceiling or roof parts, cantilevered components or a combination of these or entire components such as entire walls, floors, beams, pillars, ceilings or roofs or entire room modules is prefabricated in one piece and then assembled to form the building structure by means of pre- and/or final assembly and then, if necessary, at least partially or completely filled with the shell building material. The size of these components and their geometric shape is mainly determined by optimizing prefabrication (handling), transport (volume, weight) and pre- and/or final assembly (handling) and is in the range of several meters in size. Even if this manufacturing method already combines advantages in terms of cost efficiency, in the context of the present invention it nevertheless has two fundamental disadvantages, to name just the two most important. The first disadvantage relates to the dimensional accuracy in construction. In order for the components that have already been prefabricated with good dimensional accuracy to achieve a satisfactory fit during their pre- and/or final assembly, the previously created building foundation and its features designed specifically for modular construction must already have a high degree of dimensional accuracy, which experience shows is rarely satisfactory. The second disadvantage arises if a shell construction material is also to be used. In this case, formwork pressure is created when the shell construction material is installed during the pre- and/or final assembly of the structure. Since the module size of the prefabricated components is in the range of several meters and is usually designed at a storey height of several meters, increased formwork pressure can result when the shell construction material is installed in the formwork provided for this purpose and/or, if necessary, additional and/or independent, temporary formwork/casting molds, which must be counteracted with additional structural measures, such as a large number of integrated shell spacers. Conventionally, when installing a building material similar to the shell building material, temporary formwork/casting molds are used in a solid construction that are specially designed for this purpose and are then dismantled again after the installation. However, since the present invention partially or completely uses formwork that is designed, for example, as lost formwork as a shaping formwork/casting mold, in this case the corresponding component would have to be equipped with a large number of shell spacers in a laborious, detailed process. However, this would again negate the advantage of the cost efficiency of the present invention.

In order to avoid the disadvantages described above and to realize the added value of the present invention, in particular its cost efficiency in construction and operation, in a preferred Embodiment, the size of the components in the size scale is in the range of approximately one meter. This circumstance is expressed in relation to the size scale of the components with the designation of the modular building block. The manufacturing process of the structure, carried out using modular building blocks, leads to a gradual or incremental increase in formwork pressure within the formwork integrated into the component framework when they are additively assembled during pre- and/or final assembly using the shell building material as required, which is designed, for example, as lost formwork as a shaping formwork/casting mold. This enables a simplified and slimmer design of the component framework, in particular the shell spacers, which increases the cost efficiency of the manufacturing process. If the component framework or parts thereof are designed in the form of at least two spaced-apart shells of the structure without the shell building material, i.e. only using a single formwork, the second disadvantage described above is eliminated, so that conventional modular construction can also be considered for producing the structure.

Due to the aspects described above, a multi-stage process sequence is therefore preferred for producing the construction, which can be summarized as prefabrication with subsequent pre- and/or final assembly. In a first step, the starting materials are prepared and processed with the highest possible degree of automation and the first technical components are pre-assembled. In a second process step, also with the highest possible degree of automation, the pre-processed starting materials are assembled to form a component, a construction module or a modular building block, with further technical components also being assembled here. The manufacturing process of the construction is continued and/or completed with the pre- and/or final assembly of the components, construction modules or modular building blocks and, if necessary, with simultaneous, at least partial or complete installation of the shell building material and subsequent pre- and/or final assembly of the remaining technical components. The individual process steps and possible extensions to these with regard to modular construction and in particular with regard to the modular building block are described below, which has different effects on the design of the manufacturing process of the construction.

Prefabrication: Prefabrication is the first process step in the manufacture of the structure in its device aspect. The prefabrication steps include the processing of the starting materials, the preparation of the technical components and the subsequent pre-assembly of the processed starting materials and the prepared technical components to form a component framework in the form of a component or a construction module, a modular building block, a support or pillar construction module and/or a support or pillar module building block as a component.

Formwork processing: One embodiment of the method for processing the starting materials of the structural components and/or the sound, vibration and/or thermal insulation materials such as the formwork consists in a shaping processing step with regard to their border and/or geometric shape. This includes trimming and/or Cutting the said starting materials, which are in the form of plates, panels, pressed materials, sheet metal, textiles, fleeces or films and whose materialization includes wood, metal, plastic, composite materials, fiber materials (metal, plastic, wood, stone, glass) and/or a combination and/or a composite of the aforementioned, by means of partially, predominantly or exclusively automated material processing (CNC machining and robotics). A further processing step of the starting materials for the structural components and/or the sound, vibration and/or thermal insulation materials such as formwork consists of the application of circular material removals such as holes, threads and/or millings and/or the application of profile-shaped material removals such as grooves, notches, rectangular or inclined folds, dovetail or double folds and/or general millings by means of partially, predominantly or exclusively automated material processing (CNC machining and robotics). This processing method mainly relates to starting materials which are in the form of a surface.

Formwork production: A possible, optional embodiment of the method for producing and processing the starting materials of the structural components and/or the sound, vibration and/or thermal insulation materials such as the formwork consists in an extended manufacturing process for the same. This includes the shaping production and processing of the formwork by means of additive manufacturing (3D printing), by means of injection and/or die casting or by means of pressing or punching. This processing method refers to extended shapes of starting materials.

Processing of spacers: The general embodiment of the method for processing the starting materials of the structural components and/or the sound, vibration and/or thermal insulation materials such as the shell, gap, beam and/or pillar spacers and/or the beam or pillar bar profiles consists in a shaping processing step with regard to their border and/or geometric shape. This includes trimming and/or cutting to length the said starting materials, which are in the form of sleeves, solid or hollow bars, dowels, bolts, profile bars and whose materialization includes wood, metal, plastic, composite materials, fiber materials (metal, plastic, wood, stone, glass) and/or a combination and/or a composite of the aforementioned, by means of partially, predominantly or exclusively automated material processing (CNC machining and robotics). A further processing step of the starting materials of the structural components and/or the sound, vibration and/or thermal insulation materials such as the shell, gap, beam and/or pillar spacers and/or the beam or pillar bar profiles consists in the application of circular material removals such as holes, threads and/or millings and/or the application of profile-shaped material removals such as threads, grooves, notches, rectangular or inclined rebates, dovetail or double rebates and/or general millings by means of partially, predominantly or exclusively automated material processing (CNC machining and robotics). This processing method mainly relates to starting materials that are in the form of bars. Manufacturing spacers: An extended embodiment of the method for manufacturing and processing the starting materials of the structural components and/or the sound, vibration and/or thermal insulation materials such as the shell, gap, beam and/or pillar spacers and/or the beam or pillar bar profiles consists in an extended manufacturing process of the same. This includes the shaping production and processing of the shell, gap, beam and/or pillar spacers and/or the beam or pillar bar profiles by means of additive manufacturing (3D printing), by means of injection and/or die casting or by means of pressing or punching. This processing method refers to extended forms of starting materials.

Processing of reinforcement: One embodiment of the method for processing the starting materials of the structural components and/or the sound, vibration and/or thermal insulation materials such as the reinforcement consists in a shaping processing step with regard to their border and/or geometric shape. This includes trimming and/or cutting to length the said starting materials, which are in the form of rods, bars, grids, nets, textiles, fleeces or fibers and whose materialization includes metal, plastic, composite materials, fiber materials (metal, plastic, wood, stone, glass) and/or a combination and/or a composite of the aforementioned, by means of partially, predominantly or exclusively automated material processing (CNC machining and robotics). A further processing step of the starting materials of the structural components and/or the sound, vibration and/or thermal insulation materials such as for the reinforcement consists in the application of circular material removals such as holes, threads and/or millings and/or the application of profile-shaped material removals such as threads, grooves, notches, rectangular or inclined folds, dovetail or double folds and/or general millings by means of partially, predominantly or exclusively automated material processing (CNC machining and robotics).

Manufacturing reinforcement: A possible, optional embodiment of the method for manufacturing and processing the starting materials of the structural components and/or the sound, vibration and/or thermal insulation materials such as the reinforcement consists in an extended manufacturing process for the same. This includes the shaping production and processing of the reinforcement by means of additive manufacturing (3D printing), by means of injection and/or die casting or by means of pressing or punching. This processing method refers to extended shapes of starting materials.

Preparation of technical components: One embodiment of the method for preparing the technical components consists in a shaping processing step with regard to their border and/or geometric shape. This includes trimming, cutting to length and/or bending the technical components such as fluid lines, pipes, hoses, capillaries, cables and/or sealing materials by means of partially, predominantly or exclusively automated Material processing (CNC machining and robotics). A further processing step consists in the preparation and adaptation of technical components such as valves, containers, pumps, compressors, filters, dryers, sight glasses, capillaries and/or all types of heat exchangers, conventional components of refrigeration and/or heat pump technology and prefabricated building or supply technology elements such as condenser units, plate heat exchangers, heat radiation panels, PV and/or battery storage units or general measurement and/or control technology elements (hardware).

Pre-assembly of component scaffolding: An embodiment of the method for pre-assembly of the component scaffolding in the form of a component or a construction module, a modular building block, a carrier or

The assembly of a pillar construction module and/or a support or pillar module building block as a pre-assembled component consists of a shaping assembly step in relation to its border and/or geometric shape. Basically, this includes the gradual, partial or complete assembly, fastening and sealing of the processed starting materials of the structural components and/or the sound, vibration and/or thermal insulation materials, such as the shell, gap, support and/or pillar spacers with the formwork, and/or the support or pillar bar profiles and any reinforcement with, against and among each other by means of manual work, automated material assembly (assembly machines and robotics) or a combination of these with the means of anchoring and sealing described above. Optionally,

Structural components such as shell, gap, beam and/or pillar spacers are shot into the formwork and/or the beam or pillar bar profiles. Technical components are then mounted in and/or on the existing component framework in the form of a component or a construction module, a modular building block, a beam or pillar construction module and/or a beam or pillar module building block as a pre-assembled component and/or on its external and/or internal closure. The most automated pre-assembly possible of the component framework in the form of a component or a construction module, a modular building block, a beam or pillar construction module and/or a beam or pillar module building block as a pre-assembled component includes shaping and/or mutually sealing assembly steps for all of the above-described embodiments of the construction, in particular that of a raw, partial or entire component framework, in its device aspect.

If the design of the shell and/or gap spacers is inclined, at an angle other than 90° to the surface of a shell bordering the gap that delimits the gap, and/or if the design of the beam and/or pillar spacers is inclined, at an angle other than 90° to the surface of a beam bar profile, an extended design of the same can be used to optimize pre-assembly that is as automated as possible. The ends of the shell, gap, beam and/or pillar spacers are designed at an angle other than the angle of the inclination of the shell, gap, beam and/or pillar spacers. This enables improved sliding and assembly behavior when assembling the shell and/or gap spacers in the formwork and/or the beam and/or pillar spacers in the beam or pillar bar profiles. Pre-assembly fastening: A possible, optional embodiment of the process for pre-assembling the component framework in the form of a component or a construction module, a modular building block, a support or pillar construction module and/or a support or pillar module building block as a pre-assembled component consists in the use and/or application of a special sealing, anchoring or fastening technology of the individual processed starting materials of the structural components and/or the sound, vibration and/or thermal insulation materials to one another if these consist of wood or other porous, open-pored materials and change their volume when moisture is introduced or removed. The processed starting materials such as the formwork, the support and/or pillar bar profiles, the shell, gap, support and/or pillar spacers and, if applicable, the reinforcement are brought to a low moisture content in suitable equipment or rooms before the assembly step. The processed raw materials are then assembled, sealed and secured while maintaining a low or slightly higher moisture content and are brought into their final outline and/or geometric shape. The pre-assembled components are then exposed to environmental conditions that are characterized by a higher moisture content and which correspond in magnitude to the environmental conditions of the finished building or structure. The processed raw materials absorb moisture again, swell and, especially in the contact area of the mutual sealing, connection and fastening points, thereby bonding and anchoring each other. Since the component framework sealed, assembled and secured in this way in the form of a component or a construction module, a modular building block, a support or pillar construction module and/or a support or pillar module building block as a pre-assembled component is no longer exposed to ambient conditions with deep moisture after its pre-assembly, the sealing, fastening and anchoring of the mutual connections of the pre-assembled components remains. Since the mutual anchoring and fastening points of the pre-assembled components also include mutual sealing with respect to the outside and/or inside area as well as among themselves and against each other, e.g. in the case of bores that penetrate a processed starting material, this embodiment of the method for pre-assembling the component framework corresponds to a special sealing in its device and/or process aspect.

For all inclined designs of the structural components and/or the sound, vibration and/or thermal insulation materials, such as inclined spacer bars and/or beams or pillar spacers and/or for connections of the processed base materials of the structural components and/or the sound, vibration and/or thermal insulation materials, which include inclined surfaces such as dovetail joints, no glue may be required for the structural static-dynamic sealing, fastening and anchoring of the processed base materials. However, glue can be used to prevent the processed base materials from shifting relative to each other in relation to the connection and sealing point. Pre-assembly of technical components: A possible, optional embodiment of the method for pre-assembling the component framework in the form of a component or a construction module, a modular building block, a support or pillar construction module and/or a support or pillar module building block as a pre-assembled component consists in the particularly automated pre-assembly of technical components such as building or supply technology elements and/or measurement and/or control technology elements.

Pre-assembly assembly cage: A possible, optional embodiment of the method for pre-assembling the component framework in the form of a component or a construction module, a modular building block, a support or pillar construction module and/or a support or pillar module building block as a pre-assembled component consists in the use and/or application of an assembly cage, which serves as an assembly template for the shaping assembly step of the pre-assembly in relation to the border and/or geometric shape of the component framework as a pre-assembled component in the form of a component or a construction module, a modular building block, a support or pillar construction module and/or a support or pillar module building block. In this case, individual processed starting materials of the structural components and/or the sound, vibration and/or thermal insulation materials to be assembled, such as the formwork, the beam and/or pillar bar profiles, the shell, gap, beam and/or pillar spacers and/or any reinforcements, are introduced into the assembly cage for the shaping assembly step in order to position and fix their final position in relation to the component framework in the form of a component or a construction module, a modular building block, a beam or pillar construction module and/or a beam or pillar module building block for the further assembly steps. The assembly cage can consist of individual, composable parts that can be opened and closed and it can also have a clamping and/or holding device that brings the processed starting materials of the structural components and/or the sound, vibration and/or thermal insulation materials into their final position in relation to the component framework and holds them there. In one possible embodiment, for example, the formwork or the beam and/or pillar bar profiles are inserted and clamped into the assembly cage and positioned and fixed at their predefined spacing in relation to the component framework.

The shell and/or spacer spacers or the support and/or pillar spacers are then inserted, fastened, anchored and sealed from outside the assembly cage. Finally, the pre-assembled component is removed from the assembly cage and released for further processing. The assembly cage can be handled manually, but preferably automated (assembly machines and robotics) or a combination of both. The aim of using the assembly cage, however, is to increase the level of automation of the pre-assembly. In addition, the assembly cage is prepared and equipped so that technical components can be mounted in and/or on the existing component framework as a pre-assembled component in the form of a component or a construction module, a modular building block, a support or pillar construction module and/or a support or pillar module building block or on its outer and/or inner end. The assembly cage also includes mounts and/or brackets as a mechanical link for its use in robotics and/or with assembly machines. Assembly cage and centering devices: A possible, optional embodiment of the assembly cage consists in attaching positioning devices and/or centering devices which position and fix the processed starting materials of the structural components and/or the sound, vibration and/or thermal insulation materials such as the formwork, the beam and/or pillar bar profiles, the shell, gap, beam and/or pillar spacers and/or any reinforcements introduced for pre-assembly in their final position in relation to the component framework for the further assembly steps. These can consist of tips, knobs, grooves, folds or the like which are additionally provided with fixing and/or centering edges or the like.

Assembly cage in parallel parts: A possible, optional embodiment of the assembly cage consists in constructing it from individual, joinable parts, we call it the partial assembly cage, which accommodate individual parts and/or sections of the component framework in the form of a component or a construction module, a modular building block, a beam or pillar construction module and/or a beam or pillar module building block as a pre-assembled component and position and fix the processed starting materials of the structural components and/or the sound, vibration and/or thermal insulation materials such as the formwork, the beam and/or pillar bar profiles, the shell, gap, beam and/or pillar spacers and/or any reinforcements in their final position in relation to the component framework for the further assembly steps. This enables the shaping assembly step with respect to the border and/or geometric shape of the component framework in the form of a component or a construction module, a modular building block, a support or pillar construction module and/or a support or pillar module building block to be carried out as a pre-assembled component in individual and/or different steps. The plane of the division of the individual, joinable parts of the assembly cage can be designed parallel to the surface of a shell bordering the gap or the longitudinal plane of the support and/or pillar bar profiles, i.e. the processed starting materials of individual ones of the at least two spaced-apart shells, individual spaces delimited by the at least two spaced-apart shells and enclosed between them and/or a combination thereof can be introduced into the corresponding assembly cage parts and positioned and fixed in their final position in relation to the component framework in the form of a component or a construction module, a modular building block, a support or pillar construction module and/or a support or pillar module building block as a pre-assembled component for the further assembly steps.

Step-by-step assembly: A possible, optional embodiment of the method for pre-assembling the component framework in the form of a component or a construction module, a modular building block, a beam or pillar construction module and/or a beam or pillar module building block as a pre-assembled component consists in a step-by-step assembly of the processed starting materials using the partial assembly cage, since the embodiment of individual processed starting materials of the structural components and/or the sound, vibration and/or thermal insulation materials such as the formwork, the beam and/or pillar bar profiles, the shell, gap, beam and/or pillar spacers and/or any reinforcements hinder or make it impossible to assemble them together in the assembly direction. In a special embodiment, for example, the formwork and/or the beam or pillar bar profiles are first clamped and fixed in a partial assembly cage, whereupon the gap spacers and/or the beam or pillar spacers are mounted, fastened, anchored and sealed. Each partial assembly cage can thereby be the assembly jig for assembling a single gap delimited by at least two spaced-apart shells and enclosed between them and/or the beam or pillar gap in the form of a component or a construction module or a modular building block and/or a beam or

pillar construction module or a beam or pillar module component. The corresponding partial assembly cages and any other parts of the assembly cage are then assembled and secured with the processed starting materials clamped in them, whereupon the shell spacers, for example, are mounted, secured, anchored and sealed in the anchoring points provided for them in the formwork.

Assembly cage and modular component: A possible, optional embodiment of the assembly cage or the partial assembly cage is to optimize its design in relation to the modular component and/or the support or pillar modular component. The assembly cage or the partial assembly cage can accommodate almost any geometric shape of the processed starting materials and at the same time have end extensions that are required for building connections such as doors, windows, reveals.

Pre-assembly of component: A possible, optional embodiment of the method for producing the construction consists in an extended embodiment of the pre-assembly, which assembles pre-assembled components of the component framework in the form of a component or a construction module, a modular building block, a support or pillar construction module and/or a support or pillar module building block into larger components in terms of size and seals them against each other, even before the final assembly of the building or structure, e.g. on the construction site. On the one hand, pre-assembled components, construction modules, modular building blocks, support or pillar construction modules and/or support or pillar module building blocks can be assembled and sealed against each other to form individual larger components such as wall, floor, support, pillar, ceiling or roof parts, a combination of these or to form entire components such as entire walls, floors, supports, pillars, ceilings or roofs or to form entire room modules or parts thereof. On the other hand, pre-assembled components or building modules consisting of individual components such as wall, floor, support, pillar, ceiling or roof parts, a combination of these can be assembled into complete components, room modules or parts thereof and sealed against each other. The size and weight of the components and/or room modules created using the extended form of pre-assembly, as well as their geometric shape, are mainly determined by optimizing their subsequent transport (volume, weight) and final assembly (handling). A special form of pre-assembly consists in the pre-assembly of components, building modules, modular building blocks, support or pillar building modules and/or support or pillar module building blocks into room modules based on the geometry of an ISO 20' or 40' overseas container. The extended pre-assembly can also include the assembly of a single beam or pillar. The corresponding beam or pillar module components are assembled, sealed against each other and then provided with a bar reinforcement that penetrates the beam or pillar along its entire length, which is connected to one another within the fully assembled beam or pillar using a connecting mechanism (screw, plug, click or bolt connection) and can additionally prestress or increase the height of the beam or pillar.

Pre-assembly and shell building material: A possible, optional embodiment of pre-assembly consists in providing pre-assembled components of the component framework in the form of a component or a construction module, a modular building block, a beam or pillar construction module and/or a beam or pillar module building block gradually, partially or completely with the shell building material, even before the final assembly of the building or structure. On the one hand, pre-assembled components, construction modules, modular building blocks, beam or pillar construction modules and/or beam or pillar module building blocks can be pre-assembled with the gradual, partial or complete installation of the shell building material to form wall, floor, beam, pillar, ceiling or roof parts, a combination of these or to form entire components such as entire walls, floors, beams, pillars, ceilings or roofs or to form entire room modules or parts thereof. On the other hand, pre-assembled components or building modules consisting of individual components such as wall, floor, beam, pillar, ceiling or roof parts, a combination of these can be pre-assembled into raw and/or partial components, entire components, room modules or parts thereof by gradually, partially or completely installing the shell building material.

The shell building material is installed at least gradually, partially or completely into at least one formwork as a shaping formwork/casting mould and/or, if necessary, an additional and/or independent, temporary formwork/casting mould in loose, flowable or liquid form.

These components, which are pre-assembled using the extended form of pre-assembly, can also be referred to as raw, partial or complete components. With regard to the final assembly, additional connection and sealing points may be necessary, such as mutually overlapping folds with a rectangular cross-section or by means of an inclined overlapping surface (sheet tongue and groove joint), or a groove and comb connection. In addition, the shell spacers can generally only be used for a limited period of time or temporarily when installing the shell building material.

The size and weight of the components, building elements and/or room modules, which are created by means of the extended embodiment of pre-assembly, as well as their geometric shape, is mainly determined by optimizing their subsequent transport (volume, weight) and final assembly (handling). A special embodiment of pre-assembly consists in the pre-assembly of components, building modules, modular building blocks, support or pillar building modules and/or support or pillar module building blocks with gradual, partial or complete installation of the shell building material to room modules based on the geometry of an ISO 20' or 40' overseas container.

Final assembly: Final assembly is the final process step for producing the construction. One embodiment of final assembly, e.g. carried out on the construction site, includes final assembly steps such as the step-by-step or incremental and additive assembly and mutual sealing of the building elements, components, construction modules and/or the support or pillar construction modules for erecting the building or structure and, if required, the step-by-step, partial or complete installation of the shell construction material and the assembly of any reinforcements. This embodiment of final assembly can be carried out manually by hand, by skilled workers, but preferably automated, using construction robotics and/or general assembly machines. During final assembly, the final structure of the building or a structure is created in relation to its border and/or geometric shape. The building or structure is created entirely using the existing construction or the construction or structure is built on a previously created building foundation or attached to existing buildings or structures and/or parts thereof (conversions, renovations). The building foundation can consist of an excavated and leveled building bed, consolidated with gravel and/or lean concrete, a fixed building foundation (concrete slab) and/or basement, cellar, ground floor and/or upper floors, or any existing structures (conversions, renovations).

As already described above, the shell building material is a building material which is filled in loose, liquid or flowable form into at least one of the at least two shells which are spaced apart from one another and at least partially or completely delimited by at least one formwork and which, shortly after the gradual, partial or complete installation in the formwork as a shaping formwork/casting mold and, if necessary, an additional and/or independent, temporary formwork/casting mold, either remains loose or flowable or solidifies and hardens after a certain time and thus achieves its full strength. The shell building material can, as described above, be concrete or a concrete-like building material on the one hand. On the other hand, it can also consist of a powder, pellets, dust, sand or other loose, flowable or liquid materials, as well as materials which are in different physical states of aggregation and which have the aforementioned properties of the shell building material. The gradual, partial or complete installation of the shell construction material can be carried out vertically from above into the formwork provided for this purpose as a shaping formwork/casting mold and, if necessary, into additional and/or independent, temporary formwork/casting molds using suitable equipment, directly in the area of the upper assembly position of the building elements, components and/or the component framework or by means of hoses or lines previously inserted into the formwork provided for this purpose as a shaping formwork/casting mold and, if necessary, additional, temporary formwork/casting molds, which bring the shell construction material directly into the lower areas of the formwork/casting molds and which are gradually pulled upwards during the gradual, partial or complete installation, thus ensuring a vertically uniform installation of the shell construction material. On the other hand, the shell material can be installed and pressed upwards from the bottom up from within the structural framework using suitable equipment such as impact valves or similar. However, it must be ensured that the pressure fluctuations caused by the pumping mechanism do not overstress the strength of the formwork/casting molds and their supporting structure components. In order to ensure perfect, gradual, partial or complete installation even in slim constructions, it is also possible to install the shell material under constant hydrostatic pressure using a so-called pressure equalization tank, which is moved vertically into the appropriate vertical position, e.g. using a crane. The shell material can also be sprayed on (e.g. shotcrete).

If the component framework or parts thereof consist of building elements, components, building modules and/or support or pillar construction modules measuring several meters, such as wall, floor, support, pillar, ceiling and/or roof components, a combination of these or elements such as wall, floor, support, pillar, ceiling or roof parts, a combination of these or of entire components such as entire walls, floors, supports, pillars, ceilings or roofs or of entire room modules and/or parts thereof, their connection and sealing points or, if present, the formwork must be sealed from the outside and inside as well as from each other and from each other during the final assembly of the component framework, i.e. when it is put together. This is done as described above, on the one hand with the sealing points already prepared in their device aspect during the processing of the starting materials on the adjacent connection and sealing points of the processed starting materials or only during the final assembly with suitable sealing agents. If individual processed raw materials such as the formwork, the support or pillar bar profiles, the shell, gap, support and/or pillar spacers are made of wood or other porous, open-pored materials which swell through contact with the shell material and thereby increase their volume, the adjacent connection and sealing points of the processed raw materials and/or the pre-assembled components can also be sealed against each other with the help of this volume-increasing effect. During prefabrication, suitable connections such as the mutually overlapping folds or grooves with rectangular or slanted overlapping surfaces or groove and comb connections described above were made and prepared in the processed raw materials. This embodiment of the method for sealing individual components or individual processed raw materials with each other corresponds to an embodiment of the method for special sealing in its device and/or process aspect.

Final assembly of modular building blocks: A possible, optional embodiment of the process for the final assembly of the component scaffolding is to build it with modular building blocks and/or support or pillar modular building blocks in order to achieve a higher level of automation. The prefabricated modular building blocks and/or support or pillar modular building blocks are assembled step by step or incrementally and additively. The sealing of the modular building blocks and/or support or pillar modular building blocks or, if present, the formwork against the external and The joining of the modular components and/or the support or pillar module components in the interior and between each other and against each other, which, as described above, have specially provided mutual connection and sealing points such as mutually overlapping folds with rectangular or inclined overlapping surfaces or groove and comb connections, is carried out by joining them together and generally does not require any further sealing processes. The embodiment of the method for joining the modular components and/or the support or pillar module components can, on the one hand, comprise joining them manually by hand, by skilled workers, but preferably automated, by means of automated material assembly (assembly machines, construction robotics or additive construction) and/or general assembly machines or a combination thereof, or the joining of the modular components and/or the support or pillar module components can be carried out with the aid of aircraft, such as assembly drones. Furthermore, assembly aids such as stretchable suspension devices attached to cranes can be used, which are adapted to the weight of the modular component and support its handling.

Final assembly and gripping device: A possible, optional embodiment of the method for the final assembly of the component framework in the form of components, components, construction modules, modular building blocks and/or support or pillar module building blocks consists in the use and/or application of a gripping device or assembly gripper, which serves as an assembly and fastening aid for the step-by-step or incremental and additive assembly of the components, components, construction modules, modular building blocks and/or support or pillar module building blocks. The component, component, construction module or modular building block and/or support or pillar module building block to be assembled is picked up with the gripping device and brought to its final position in relation to the current assembly position of the step-by-step or incrementally and additively growing component framework. The gripping device can then use a vibration and/or impact mechanism built into the same to support the assembly of the component, part, construction module, modular building block and/or support or pillar module building block, to consolidate and close it more quickly and to seal it against the components, components, construction modules, modular building blocks and/or support or pillar module building blocks that have already been assembled. The gripping device can consist of individual, joinable parts that can be opened and closed and it can also have a clamping and/or holding device that supports the final assembly of the components, parts, construction modules and/or modular building blocks. The gripping device can be handled manually, but preferably automated (assembly machines and robotics) or a combination of the two. In addition, the gripping device is prepared and equipped so that technical components can be mounted in and/or on the pre- and/or finally assembled component frame or on its external and/or internal closure. The gripping device also includes holders and mounts as a mechanical link for its use in robotics and/or with assembly machines.

Final assembly and components: A possible, optional embodiment of the method for final assembly of the component framework consists of assembling and sealing the components previously created using the general, extended or special embodiments of the method for pre-assembly of the component framework. The pre-assembled components of the Component framework in the form of a raw, partial or complete component framework, a raw, partial or complete building element, a component or a building module, a modular building block, a beam or pillar building module and/or a beam or pillar module building block or in the form of wall, floor, beam, pillar, ceiling or roof parts, a combination thereof or in the form of entire components such as entire walls, floors, beams, pillars, ceilings or roofs or entire room modules or parts thereof, e.g. on the building site, and if necessary with simultaneous, gradual, partial or complete installation of the shell building material, assembled and mutually sealed and/or assembled, connected and sealed with existing raw, partial or complete structures.

Final assembly of technical components: A final process step in the final assembly of the construction in its device aspect can consist of the final assembly of any missing technical components such as measurement and/or control technology elements (hardware) or building or supply technology elements at the locations prepared for this purpose in and/or on the construction.

Final assembly: A possible, optional embodiment of the process for the final assembly of the component framework in the form of a building element, component or construction module, a modular building block, a support or pillar construction module and/or a support or pillar module building block as a pre-assembled component consists of the final assembly of any additional construction systems such as windows, doors, facades and/or interior closures if these have not already been integrated and assembled into the construction modules or modular building blocks during prefabrication. It is possible to view the final assembly described above as part of the manufacturing process of the construction in its device aspect or as an independent process step.

Manufacturing process for space travel: A possible, optional embodiment of the process for manufacturing the structure in its device aspect consists of a process sequence of prefabrication with subsequent pre- and/or final assembly for extraterrestrial applications such as for surface habitats (lunar or planetary bases) or orbital habitats (space stations). The highest precision and quality of the components must be ensured while at the same time minimizing the complexity of the embodiment of the process for manufacturing the structure against the background of an optimized cost/payload/volume ratio for the Earth's launch into Earth's orbit and the further space transport. This suggests an embodiment of the process which mines or procures the aggregate material for the shell construction material on site (in situ) or in the orbital vicinity of the habitat. It also follows from this that the process step of prefabrication and any pre-assembly should be carried out at different locations in relation to the location of the final assembly. In order to achieve a realistic and feasible implementation for the construction of habitats, complex construction steps and the use of high-tech equipment in all non-earth-based process steps must be reduced to a minimum. Processing and preparation for space travel: One possible embodiment of the process for processing the starting materials of the structural components and/or the sound, vibration and/or thermal insulation materials such as the formwork, the beam or pillar bar profiles, the shell, gap, beam and/or pillar spacers and the reinforcement and for preparing the technical components for extraterrestrial applications is carried out on earth, using the embodiments of the process for processing the starting materials as described above. This is because a non-earth-based embodiment of the process cannot guarantee the required accuracy and quality, reduced complexity and an optimized cost/payload-to-volume ratio. Special attention must be paid to the manufacture and preparation of the reinforcement. Due to the long-term effects of the additional exposure to intense sun, solar and cosmic radiation, the reinforcement components should preferably consist of a metallic compound, even if they are embedded in the protective shielding of the structure.

Pre-assembly for space travel: In one possible embodiment of the method, the pre-assembly of the component framework in the form of a component or a construction module, a modular building block, a support or pillar construction module and/or a support or pillar module building block is carried out as a pre-assembled component for extraterrestrial applications, preferably in a near-earth, orbital space station, a prefabrication space station, as the manufacturing site. The starting materials of the structural components and/or the sound, vibration and/or thermal insulation materials such as the formwork, the support or pillar bar profiles, the shell, gap, support and/or pillar spacers and the reinforcement are brought to space conditions such as greatly reduced pressure, low temperatures and exposure to sun, solar and cosmic radiation before the assembly step. This ensures that the required accuracy and quality of the pre-assembled components are achieved. This embodiment of the method for pre-assembling the component framework in the form of a component or a construction module, a modular building block, a support or pillar construction module and/or a support or pillar module building block as a pre-assembled component is based on the following considerations:

• The cost/payload/volume ratio for Earth launches into Earth orbit and onward space transport is fundamentally different. By pre-assembling the components in a low-Earth orbital prefabrication space station, this can be optimized for the entire transport of the components from Earth to the habitat's destination, i.e. the Earth launches can be carried out using densely packed starting materials.

• The environmental conditions during pre-assembly in a prefabrication space station can be controlled and/or adapted to the environmental conditions of the habitat's destination, especially when high-risk pre-assembly on site cannot guarantee this.

• Accessibility of the prefabrication space station from Earth within a reasonable time (approx. 12 hours) allows control of the complexity of prefabrication by adapting the process as well as maintenance and repair of machines and equipment. • The machines and equipment required for the manufacturing process of the structure can be used at those manufacturing locations where the cost/payload/volume ratio is optimized for their transport and the complexity of the process steps can be controlled, ie heavy and volume-intensive machines and equipment (CNC machining and robotics) for the complex processing of the raw materials remain earthbound or can, in special cases, possibly be operated in the prefabrication space station, whereas assembly machines for prefabrication (robotics) with a medium degree of complexity are brought to the prefabrication space station and the assembly machines for final assembly (robotics) with a low degree of complexity are brought to the destination of the habitat.

• If the components were pre-assembled on Earth, they would be subjected to higher structural loads during the launch. This is avoided by pre-assembling on the space station.

• The prefabrication space station can be used for other purposes, such as as a gateway, a refueling station or a transfer station from Earth launch systems to space transportation systems.

Final assembly in space travel: In one possible embodiment of the method, the final assembly of the component framework in the form of a component or a construction module, a modular building block, a support or pillar construction module and/or a support or pillar module building block is carried out as a pre-assembled component for extraterrestrial applications at the destination of the habitat, in particular with the embodiments of the method for final assembly as described above. Their high degree of automation reduces complexity and involves minimal risks with the best quality of execution.

Final assembly and building material: A possible, optional embodiment of the process for the final assembly of the component framework in the form of a component or a building module, a modular building block, a support or pillar building module and/or a support or pillar module building block as a pre-assembled component for extraterrestrial applications consists in implementing extended installation conditions for the shell building material. These consist of any physical states of the shell building material, which is brought from the loose or flowable phase into the liquid phase using suitable apparatus and devices shortly before the gradual, partial or complete introduction into the formwork provided for this purpose as a shaping formwork/casting mold and, if necessary, an additional and/or independent, temporary formwork/casting mold. In this context, a special installation method for extraterrestrial applications is worth mentioning, which consists of briefly bringing the shell building material from frozen water, water-like substances or from loose or flowable particles (chips, grains, pellets, granules or the like) into the liquid physical phase for the final, gradual, partial or complete installation in the formwork provided for this purpose as a shaping formwork/casting mold and, if necessary, an additional and/or independent, temporary formwork/casting mold, so that a perfect bond with the component framework is guaranteed. This can be done with a filling and/or installation device which briefly and intensively heats the shell building material at its outlet (e.g. microwaves or heating rings) so that it becomes liquid for a short time and thus spreads evenly in the spread out and distributed in the prepared shells of the component framework or, if present, in the formwork as shaping formwork.

Short description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is a partially sectioned, perspective view of a possible embodiment of the component framework in the form of a quadruple hexagonal modular block, which comprises a miniaturized heating and/or cooling unit

Fig. 2a is a schematic cross-sectional view of a construction comprising at least two spaced-apart shells and a space delimited by them and enclosed between them

Fig. 2b, c, d schematic cross-sectional representations of a construction comprising at least two spaced-apart shells and a space delimited by them and enclosed between them according to further embodiments of the invention

Fig. 2e, f, g, h are schematic cross-sectional views of a construction comprising at least two spaced-apart shells and a space delimited by them and enclosed between them, according to further embodiments of the invention

Fig. 3a, b, c, d schematic cross-sectional representations of a construction comprising at least two shells spaced apart from one another and a space delimited by them and enclosed between them, which additionally comprises a heating and/or cooling circuit, according to further embodiments of the invention

Fig. 4a, b schematic cross-sectional representations of a support comprising at least two spaced-apart support bar profiles and a support space delimited by them and enclosed between them, integrated into the structure according to a further embodiment of the invention

Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a sliding connection with sliding stop or sliding limitation of the beam or pillar bar profiles according to another embodiment of the invention

Fig. 6 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a support comprising at least two spaced-apart support bar profiles and a support space delimited by them and enclosed between them, integrated into the structure according to a further embodiment of the invention

Fig. 7a, b schematic representations of a heating and/or cooling circuit according to a further embodiment of the invention

Fig. 8a, b are schematic representations to illustrate a method for controlling the heating and/or cooling function of a thermally active construction according to a further embodiment of the invention Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method for manufacturing the construction according to another embodiment of the invention

Fig. 10 is a perspective view of a mounting cage according to another embodiment of the invention

Fig. 11a, b, c, d schematic cross-sectional representations of a connection and sealing point according to a further embodiment of the invention

Fig. 12 is a schematic side view of a design detail of a connection and sealing point according to a further embodiment of the invention

Fig. 13 is a schematic side view of modular components to illustrate a manufacturing process of the construction according to another embodiment of the invention

Fig. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an anchoring of the shell and/or spacer according to a further embodiment of the invention

Fig. 15a, b schematic cross-sectional representations of at least two shells spaced apart from one another and a construction delimited by them and enclosed between them according to further embodiments of the invention

Fig.16 a partially sectioned, perspective view of a component framework in the form of a multi-hexagonal construction module and/or modular building block according to a further embodiment of the invention

Fig. 17a, b, c, d schematic cross-sectional representations of a construction comprising at least two shells spaced apart from one another and a space delimited by them and enclosed between them according to further embodiments of the invention, wherein the embodiments according to Fig. 17b, c, d additionally comprise a heating and/or cooling circuit and/or a circuit with secondary medium

Fig. 18a, b schematic cross-sectional representations of a construction comprising at least two shells spaced apart from one another and a space delimited by them and enclosed between them according to further embodiments of the invention, the embodiments according to Fig. 18b additionally comprising a circuit with secondary medium

Fig. 19a, b, c, d, e, f schematic cross-sectional representations of a construction comprising at least two spaced-apart shells and a space delimited by them and enclosed between them according to further embodiments of the invention

Fig. 20a, b, c, d, e, f schematic cross-sectional representations of a construction comprising at least two spaced-apart shells and a space delimited by them and enclosed between them according to further embodiments of the invention Fig. 21a, b, c, d, e, f,g, h, i, j, k schematic representations of a longitudinal or frontal

Cross-section of building modules, modular components, building elements or

Components in particular to illustrate a manufacturing process of

Construction according to another embodiment of the invention

Fig. 22 is a perspective view of the construction in the form of lined-up components or parts according to another

Embodiment of the invention

Fig. 23a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h schematic cross-sectional representations of a connection and sealing point according to a further embodiment of the invention

Fig. 24a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i schematic cross-sectional representations of a sealing, fastening and anchoring of the shell and/or gap spacers according to further embodiments of the invention

Fig. 25a, b, c, d, e, f schematic cross-sectional representations of an anchoring of the shell and/or spacer spacers to illustrate a manufacturing process of the construction according to further embodiments of the invention

Fig. 26a, b schematic representations of a rotationally symmetrical border shape of a component frame shape of a construction module and/or modular building block according to a further embodiment of the invention

Fig. 27a, b, c schematic representations to illustrate a method for producing the construction according to further embodiments of the invention

Fig. 28a, b schematic representations to illustrate a process for producing the

Construction according to further embodiments of the invention

Fig. 29 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method for manufacturing the construction according to another embodiment of the invention

Way to implement the invention

Fig.1 shows a partially sectioned, perspective view of a component framework (12) in the form of a quadruple hexagonal modular building block (52), which contains at least one miniaturized heating and/or cooling unit (23) which is positioned on the side of the shell facing the outer area (7) facing the outer area (7).

Fig. 2a shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a structure (11) consisting of at least two shells (14a, 14b) spaced apart from one another and a space (16) delimited by them and enclosed between them. The structure (11) comprises, on the one hand, a component framework (12) which contains formwork (1) which laterally delimits two shells (14a, 14b) spaced apart from one another, namely by laterally delimiting them on their side facing the outside (7) or inside area (8). The two shells (14a, 14b) spaced apart from one another also contain reinforcements (2) and shell spacers (3) which are anchored in the formwork (1). The component framework (12) also includes a plurality of spacer bars (4) which are arranged in the space (16) delimited by the two spaced-apart shells (14a, 14b) and enclosed between them. The spacer bars (4) are anchored in the formwork (1) adjacent to the space (16) and are arranged at an angle other than 90° to the surface delimiting the space of a shell (14a, 14b) adjacent to the space. The construction (11) also includes a shell building material (13) which fills the two spaced-apart shells (14a, 14b) and adjoins the formwork (1).

Fig. 2b shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a construction (11) consisting of at least two shells (14, 15) spaced apart from one another and a gap (16) delimited by them and enclosed between them. The construction (11) comprises, on the one hand, a component framework (12) which contains formwork (1) which partially or completely forms the two shells (14, 15) spaced apart from one another by delimiting one of the two shells (14) spaced apart from one another on its side facing the outside (7) or inside area (8) and towards a gap (16) enclosed by the shells (14, 15), and also contains formwork (1) which completely forms one of the two shells (15) spaced apart from one another by being designed using a single formwork (1). One of the two shells (14) spaced apart from one another further contains reinforcements (2) and shell spacers (3) which are anchored in the formwork (1). The component framework (12) also includes a plurality of spacer bars (4) which are arranged in the space (16) delimited by the two spaced-apart shells (14, 15) and enclosed between them. The spacer bars (4) are anchored in the formwork (1) adjacent to the space (16) and are arranged at an angle other than 90° to the surface delimiting the space of a shell (14, 15) adjacent to the space. The construction (11) also includes a shell building material (13) which here only fills one of the two spaced-apart shells (14) and adjoins the formwork (1).

Fig. 2c shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a structure (11) consisting of at least two shells (15a, 15b) spaced apart from one another and a gap (16) delimited by them and enclosed between them. The structure (11) comprises a component framework (12) which contains at least one, specifically two formworks (1) here, which each completely form the two shells (15a, 15b) spaced apart from one another by being designed using individual formworks (1). The component framework (12) also contains a plurality of gap spacers (4) which are arranged in the gap (16) delimited by the two shells (15a, 15b) spaced apart from one another and enclosed between them. The gap spacers (4) are anchored in the formworks (1) adjacent to the gap (16) and are arranged at an angle other than 90° to the surface delimiting the gap of a shell (15a, 15b) adjacent to the gap. Fig. 2d shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a structure (11) consisting of at least two, specifically three, spaced-apart shells (14, 15a, 15b) and intermediate spaces (16a, 16b) delimited by them and enclosed between them. The structure (11) comprises, on the one hand, a component framework (12) which contains several, specifically three, formworks (1) which at least partially or completely form one of the specifically three spaced-apart shells (14, 15a, 15b) by delimiting one of the at least two spaced-apart shells (14) on its side facing the outer area (7) of the structure, and contains at least one formwork (1) which completely forms at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells (15a, 15b) by being designed using a single formwork (1). One of the three spaced-apart shells (14) further includes reinforcements (2) and shell spacers (3) which are anchored in the formwork (1). The component framework (12) further includes shell spacers (3) or a plurality of intermediate spacers (4) which are arranged in the intermediate spaces (16a, 16b) which are delimited by the three spaced-apart shells (14, 15a, 15b) and enclosed between them. The shell spacers (3) or the intermediate spacers (4) are anchored in the formwork (1) adjacent to the intermediate spaces (16a, 16b) and are arranged at an angle other than 90° to the surface delimiting an intermediate space of a shell (14, 15a, 15b) adjacent to an intermediate space. The construction (11) on the other hand comprises a shell building material (13) which fills one of the three shells (14, 15a, 15b) spaced apart from one another and adjoins a formwork (1).

Fig. 2e corresponds to Fig. 2a, which shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of a construction (11) consisting of at least two spaced-apart shells (14a, 14b) and a gap (16) delimited by them and enclosed between them, wherein the component framework (12) additionally includes an intermediate space formwork (17) which is arranged in the gap (16) delimited by the at least two spaced-apart shells (14a, 14b) and enclosed between them.

Fig. 2f corresponds to Fig. 2b, which shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of a construction (11) consisting of at least two spaced-apart shells (14, 15) and a gap (16) delimited by them and enclosed between them, wherein the component framework (12) additionally includes an intermediate space formwork (17) which is arranged in the gap (16) delimited by the at least two spaced-apart shells (14, 15) and enclosed between them.

Fig. 2g corresponds to Fig. 2c, which shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of a construction (11) consisting of at least two spaced-apart shells (15a, 15b) and an intermediate space (16) delimited by them and enclosed between them, wherein the component framework (12) additionally includes an intermediate space formwork (17) which is arranged in the intermediate space (16) delimited by the at least two spaced-apart shells (15a, 15b) and enclosed between them. Fig. 2h corresponds to Fig. 2d, which shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of a construction (11) consisting of at least two spaced-apart shells (14, 15a, 15b) and intermediate spaces (16a, 16b) delimited by them and enclosed between them, wherein the component framework (12) additionally includes intermediate space formwork (17) which are arranged in the intermediate spaces (16a, 16b) delimited by the at least two spaced-apart shells (14, 15a, 15b) and enclosed between them.

Fig. 3a corresponds to Fig. 2a, which shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a construction (11) consisting of at least two shells (14a, 14b) spaced apart from one another and an intermediate space (16) delimited by them and enclosed between them, wherein the construction (11) additionally comprises a heating and/or cooling circuit (22) and at least one miniaturized heating and/or cooling unit (23) positioned on the side of the shell (14b) facing the outside area (7) facing the outside area (7). At least one of the at least two shells (14a, 14b) spaced apart from one another and/or the intermediate space (16) delimited by them and enclosed between them contains fluid lines (21) which are connected and sealed to one another and to at least one miniaturized heating and/or cooling unit (23) by means of building or supply technology elements (20) and are in fluid contact with one another and with at least one miniaturized heating and/or cooling unit (23). The fluid lines (21) are laid out from the side of the shell (14b) facing the outside area (7) in at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells (14a, 14b) and/or the intermediate space (16) delimited by them and enclosed between them by means of loops arranged in a predetermined geometry or a predetermined line geometry adapted to the intermediate space, coming from the side of the shell (14a) facing the inside area (8) and facing the inside area (8), a fleece (30) can be arranged, which is connected to a capillary tube (29) and is in fluid contact. The capillary tube (29) is arranged from the side of the shell (14a) facing the inner region (8) across the structure (11) to a suitable location on the side of one of the at least two spaced-apart shells (14a, 14b) of the structure (11) facing the outer region (7).

Fig. 3b corresponds to Fig. 2b, which shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a construction (11) consisting of at least two shells (14, 15) spaced apart from one another and a gap (16) delimited by them and enclosed between them, wherein the construction (11) additionally comprises a heating and/or cooling circuit (22) and at least one miniaturized heating and/or cooling unit (23) positioned on the side of the shell (15) facing the outside area (7) facing the outside area (7). At least one of the at least two shells (14, 15) spaced apart from one another and/or the gap (16) delimited by them and enclosed between them contains fluid lines (21) which are connected and sealed to at least one miniaturized heating and/or cooling unit (23) and are in fluid contact. The fluid lines (21) are arranged from the side of the shell (15) facing the outer area (7) in at least one of the at least two mutually spaced-apart shells (14, 15) and/or the intermediate space (16) delimited by them and enclosed between them by means of loops arranged in a predetermined geometry or a predetermined line geometry. In addition, a fleece (30) can be arranged on the side of the shell (14) facing the inner region (8) which is connected to a capillary tube (29) and is in fluid contact. The capillary tube (29) is arranged from the side of the shell (14) facing the inner region (8) facing the inner region (8) across the structure (11) to a suitable point on the side of one of the at least two spaced-apart shells (14, 15) of the structure (11) facing the outer region (7).

Fig. 3c corresponds to Fig. 2c, which shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of a construction (11) consisting of at least two shells (15a, 15b) spaced apart from one another and an intermediate space (16) delimited by them and enclosed between them, wherein the construction (11) additionally comprises a heating and/or cooling circuit (22) and contains at least one miniaturized heating and/or cooling unit (23) positioned on the side of the shell (15b) facing the outside area (7) facing the outside area (7). In this case, fluid lines (21) which are connected and sealed to at least one miniaturized heating and/or cooling unit (23) and are in fluid contact are laid out from the side of the shell (15b) facing the outside area (7) facing the outside area (7) in such a way that they pass through the at least two shells (15a, 15b) spaced apart from one another and the intermediate space (16) delimited by them and enclosed between them and are connected and sealed to a heat radiation panel (31) positioned on the side of the shell (15a) facing the inside area (8) facing the inside area (8) and are in fluid contact with the same. Alternatively, the fluid lines (21) are connected and sealed to a plate heat exchanger (32) positioned on the side of the shell (15a) facing the inside area (8) facing the inside area (8) and/or at least one external fluid supply and/or discharge line (59) and are in fluid contact with the same.

Fig. 3d corresponds to Fig. 2d, which shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a construction (11) consisting of at least two, here specifically three, spaced-apart shells (14, 15a, 15b) and intermediate spaces (16a, 16b) delimited by them and enclosed between them, wherein the construction (11) additionally comprises a heating and/or cooling circuit (22) and at least one miniaturized heating and/or cooling unit (23) positioned on the side of the shell (15b) facing the outer area (7) facing the outer area (7). At least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells (14, 15a, 15b) and/or the intermediate spaces (16a, 16b) delimited by them and enclosed between them contains fluid lines (21) which are connected and sealed to at least one miniaturized heating and/or cooling unit (23) and are in fluid contact. The fluid lines (21) are arranged from the side of the shell (15b) facing the outer area (7) in at least one of the at least two spaced apart shells (14, 15a, 15b) and/or the intermediate spaces (16a, 16b) delimited by them and enclosed between them by means of any of a predetermined Geometry arranged loops or a predetermined line geometry. In addition, a fleece (30) can be arranged on the side of the shell (14) facing the inner region (8) which is connected to a capillary tube (29) and is in fluid contact. The capillary tube (29) is connected to the side of the shell (14) facing the inner region (8)

(8) facing shell (14) across the structure (11) to a suitable location on the side facing the outer area (7) of one of the at least two, here specifically three spaced-apart shells (14, 15a, 15b) of the structure (11).

Fig. 4a shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a construction (11) consisting of at least two shells (14a, 14b) spaced apart from one another and a gap (16) delimited by them and enclosed between them. The construction (11) comprises, on the one hand, a component framework (12) which contains at least one formwork (1) which at least partially forms at least one of the at least two shells (14a, 14b) spaced apart from one another by delimiting it at least on its side facing an upper (9) or lower (10) floor. Due to gravity, the side of the shell (14b) facing the upper (9) floor does not require a formwork (1) delimiting it. The at least two shells (14a, 14b) spaced apart from one another further contain at least one reinforcement (2) and shell spacers (3) which are anchored at least in at least one formwork (1). The component framework (12) also includes a plurality of intermediate spacers (4) which are arranged in the intermediate space (16) delimited by the at least two shells (14a, 14b) spaced apart from one another and enclosed between them. The intermediate spacers (4) are anchored in at least one formwork (1) adjacent to the intermediate space (16) and are arranged at an angle other than 90° to the surface delimiting the intermediate space of a shell (14, 15) adjacent to the intermediate space. The component framework (12) additionally includes a support (18) which is completely integrated into the construction (11) and consists of at least two support bar profiles (6) which are spaced apart from one another and a support gap (19) which is delimited by them and enclosed between them, wherein a plurality of support spacers (5) are arranged in the support gap (19), which are anchored in at least one support bar profile which adjoins the support gap and are arranged at an angle other than 90° to a surface of a support bar profile (6). The support bar profiles (6) further include at least one reinforcement (2). The construction (11) also includes a shell building material (13) which at least partially fills the at least two spaced apart shells (14a, 14b) and adjoins at least one formwork (1) and, due to gravity, closes off the side of the upper shell facing the upper (9) floor.

(9) Storey facing shell (14b) forms or can form.

Fig. 4b corresponds to Fig. 4a, which shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a construction (11) consisting of at least two shells (14a, 14b) spaced apart from one another and a space (16) delimited by them and enclosed between them, wherein the support (18) on the side of the shell facing the lower (10) floor (14a) is integrated protruding into the component framework (12) in a shell extension (69) provided for this purpose.

Fig. 5 shows a perspective view of a front-side sliding connection of support bar profiles (6), which for this purpose have a mutually interlocking corner and/or round profile (45) on their front side and also contain a sliding stop or sliding limiter (46). In this case, one support bar profile (6a) is introduced into the corresponding support bar profile (6b) in the sliding direction of the mutually interlocking corner and/or round profile and pushed together, whereupon the sliding stop or sliding limiter (46) prevents further sliding in the sliding direction and pushes the support bar profiles (6a, 6b) together until their support bar profile axes are aligned.

Fig. 6 shows a schematic longitudinal sectional view of several support modules or support module building blocks (51, 53), each of which contains at least one reinforcement (2), in particular a rod reinforcement (tension rod, tension cable) with a certain inclination, and which form a support (18) in a row and by means of mutually sliding and interlocking corner and/or round profiles (45) with a sliding stop or a sliding limiter (46). In this case, the direction of the inclination of the rod reinforcement (2) determines in its process aspect the order in which support modules or support module building blocks (51, 53) are lined up, connected to one another and sealed. The sliding stops or the sliding limits (46) of the sliding connections (45) of the mutually corresponding support bar profiles (6) of the support modules or support module blocks (51, 53) act in the middle of the support (18) on both front sides of the support bar profiles (6) in such a way that the adjacent support modules or support module blocks (51, 53) attached on one side of the middle support module or support module block (51, 53) only slide together in the sliding direction until the support bar profile axes are aligned and the sliding stop or the sliding limit (46) prevents further sliding in the sliding direction. The sliding stops or the sliding limits (46) of the support modules or support module blocks which are further lined up and connected to one another.

Carrier module components (51, 53) act in a corresponding manner.

Fig. 7a shows a schematic representation of a heating and/or cooling circuit (22) integrated into the construction (11) or at least one into the component framework (12) in the form of a component (55), structural element (54), construction module (50), a modular component (52), a carrier construction module (51) or a carrier module component (53). In this case, fluid lines (21) which act as evaporators or condensers (27) are laid out in at least one of the at least two shells (14a, 14b) spaced apart from one another by means of loops arranged in a predetermined geometry or a predetermined line geometry. The at least one heating and/or cooling circuit (22) integrated into the construction (11) comprises a miniaturized heating and/or cooling unit (23) which contains fluid lines (21), a coolant-air heat exchanger (24), a compressor (25), a 4-way valve (26), a filter/dryer (28) and other conventional refrigeration components, wherein the coolant is injected at least once. Alternatively, the coolant-air heat exchanger (24) can be equipped with a Plate heat exchangers (32) for supplying and removing heat from the calorific environment of the building or structure and/or construction.

Fig. 7b shows a schematic representation of a circuit with secondary medium integrated into the structure (11) or at least one into the component framework (12) in the form of a component (55), structural element (54), construction module (50), a modular building block (52), a carrier construction module (51) or a carrier module building block (53), which is coupled to at least one heating and/or cooling circuit (22) by means of a plate heat exchanger (32). At least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells (14a, 14b) contains fluid lines (21) which are connected and sealed to at least one plate heat exchanger (32) and/or at least one circulation pump (57) and are in fluid contact and are laid out by means of loops arranged in a predetermined geometry or a predetermined line geometry, through which the secondary medium can flow in particular for the controlled supply and removal of heat into or from the structure (11). The at least one heating and/or cooling circuit (22) integrated into the construction (11) comprises a miniaturized heating and/or cooling unit (23) which includes fluid lines (21), a coolant-air heat exchanger (24), a compressor (25), a 4-way valve (26), a filter/dryer (28) and other conventional refrigeration components, wherein the coolant is injected at least once. Alternatively, the coolant-air heat exchanger (24) can be replaced with a plate heat exchanger (32) for supplying and removing heat from the calorific environment of the building or structure and/or construction.

Fig. 8a shows schematically in the form of a simple flow chart, as an embodiment of the control method according to the invention, which is designed either centrally or decentrally, a process for achieving a certain value of the thermal compensation of thermal transmission losses of the reduced thermal insulation of a structure (11) in its device aspect. The first method step (801) consists in reading, comparing, calculating and/or processing the actual value of the physical quantity of the heat flow of the transmission losses, which is present as input information in the form of a measured quantity, with the target value of the physical quantity of the heat flow of the transmission losses, which is present as input information in the form of a stored or calculated value. If the actual value is less than or equal to the target value of the physical quantity of the heat flow of the transmission losses, the control method ends the process for achieving a certain value of the thermal compensation of thermal transmission losses. If the actual value is not equal to or less than the target value of the physical size of the heat flow of the transmission losses, the second method step (802) is triggered. This consists of reading, comparing, calculating and/or processing the actual value of the outside temperature of the structure (11) with the actual value of the inside temperature of the structure (11), which are available as input information in the form of a measured value. If the actual value of the outside temperature of the structure (11) is greater than the actual value of the inside temperature of the structure (11), the control method triggers a further method step, a rule-based control command, which controls at least one heating and/or cooling circuit or the miniaturized heating and/or cooling unit responsible for the corresponding location within the structure (11) in the Cooling mode is activated. After a specific and predefined period of time, the first method step (801) begins again. If the actual value of the outside temperature of the structure (11) is disproportionately greater than the actual value of the inside temperature of the structure (11), the control method triggers a further method step, a rule-based control command, which activates at least one heating and/or cooling circuit or the miniaturized heating and/or cooling unit responsible for the corresponding location within the structure (11) in heating mode. After a specific and predefined period of time, the first method step (801) begins again.

Fig. 8b shows schematically in the form of a simple flow chart, as an embodiment of the control method according to the invention, which is designed either centrally or decentrally, a process for achieving a certain value of heat radiation in the interior and/or exterior of a structure (11). The first method step (803) consists in reading, comparing, calculating and/or processing the actual value of the physical quantity of heat radiation, which is present as input information in the form of a measured quantity, with the target value of the physical quantity of heat radiation, which is present as input information in the form of a stored or calculated value. If the actual value is equal to the target value of the physical quantity of heat radiation, the control method ends the process for achieving a certain value of heat radiation in the interior and/or exterior of a structure (11). If the actual value is not equal to the target value of the physical quantity of heat radiation, the second method step (804) is triggered. This consists in reading, comparing, calculating and/or processing the actual value of the physical quantity of the thermal radiation, which is present as input information in the form of a measured quantity, with the target value of the physical quantity of the thermal radiation, which is present as input information in the form of a stored or calculated value. If the actual value is greater than the target value of the physical quantity of the thermal radiation, the control method triggers a further method step, a rule-based control command, which puts at least one heating and/or cooling circuit or the miniaturized heating and/or cooling unit responsible for the corresponding location within the structure (11) into operation in cooling mode. After a specific and predefined period of time, the first method step (803) then begins again. If the actual value is smaller than the target value of the physical quantity of the heat radiation, the control method triggers a further method step, a rule-based control command, which puts at least one heating and/or cooling circuit or the miniaturized heating and/or cooling unit responsible for the corresponding location within the structure (11) into operation in heating mode. After a specific and predefined period of time, the first method step (803) then begins again.

Fig. 9 shows schematically in the form of a simple flow chart, as an embodiment of the manufacturing method according to the invention, a process for manufacturing a construction (11). The first process step (901) consists in processing the starting materials. A subsequent, further process step (902) consists in preparing the technical components. A subsequent, further process step (903) consists in pre-assembling the processed starting materials and the prepared technical components to form a component framework (12) in the form of a modular building block (52). A subsequent, further method step (904) consists in the assembly of the technical components. In a general embodiment of the manufacturing process, these method steps can be summarized as the prefabrication of the component framework (12) in the form of a modular building block (52). The method steps of pre- and/or final assembly are then carried out, e.g. on the construction site. The first method step (905) of pre- and/or final assembly consists of the step-by-step or incremental and additive assembly and mutual sealing of the component framework (12) in the form of modular building blocks (52). A subsequent, further method step (906) consists of the step-by-step, partial or complete installation of a shell building material (13). A further method step (907) is then triggered. This consists of reading, comparing, calculating and/or processing the actual value of the current status of pre- and/or final assembly, which is available as input information in the form of a measured variable, with the target value of the status of final assembly, which is available as input information in the form of a stored or calculated value. If the result of the comparison of the actual value with the target value is equal to the value of construction finished, the manufacturing process is terminated. If the result of the comparison of the actual value with the target value is not equal to the value of construction finished, the first process step of pre- and/or final assembly is carried out again.

Fig. 10 shows a perspective view of an assembly cage (47) which serves or can serve as an assembly jig for the shaping assembly step of the pre-assembly in relation to the border and/or geometric shape of the component framework (12) as a pre-assembled component in the form of a modular building block (52). The assembly cage (47) has receptacles and/or holders (48) as a mechanical link for its use in robotics as well as clamping and/or holding devices (49) which bring the processed starting materials into their final position within the building framework (12) and hold them there.

Fig. 11a to 11d show schematic cross-sectional representations of a connection and sealing point (40) between the individual, adjacent building elements (54), components (55), building modules (50), modular building blocks (52), carrier building modules (51) and/or carrier module building blocks (53) or their formwork (1). Fig. 11a.) shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of a connection and sealing point (40), implemented by means of a mutually overlapping fold with a cross-section in rectangular shape (41). Fig. 11b.) shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of a connection and sealing point (40), implemented by means of a mutually overlapping fold with a cross-section of an inclined overlapping surface (sheet tongue fold) (42). Fig. 11c.) shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a connection and sealing point (40), carried out by means of a mutually overlapping fold with a cross-section of an inclined overlapping surface, which additionally includes a click system (43). The inclined overlapping surface, e.g. of the formwork (1) of one construction element (54), component (55), construction module (50), modular building block (52), carrier construction module (51) and/or carrier module building block (53), has a material elevation in the form of a knob, an edge and/or a hook, while the mutually corresponding, inclined overlapping surface, e.g. of the formwork (1) of the adjacent building element (54), component (55), building module (50), modular building block (52), support building module (51) and/or support module building block (53) has a material recess in the form of a groove, a fold and/or a hook at the same point, so that when the adjacent building elements (54), components (55), building modules (50), modular building blocks (52), support building modules (51) and/or support module building blocks (53) or e.g. their formwork (1) are joined together, the material elevation of one inclined overlapping surface and the material recess of the mutually corresponding adjacent, inclined overlapping surface click into one another and are connected and fastened to one another in this way. Fig. 11 d.) shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a connection and sealing point (40), carried out by means of a groove and comb connection (44).

Fig. 12 shows a schematic side view of a connection and sealing point (40) between the individual, adjacent, four-hexagonal modular building blocks (52) or, if present, their formwork (1). In particular, Fig. 12 shows an enlarged, schematic side view of the connection and sealing point (40), wherein the mutually overlapping fold, e.g. of the formwork (1) within a four-hexagonal modular building block (52) is arranged alternately with respect to the assembly direction, i.e. the mutually overlapping fold is cut out in the upper half of the modular building block (52), e.g. from the side facing the outer area (7), whereas in the lower half of the modular building block (52) it is cut out, e.g. from the side facing the inner area (8), and is preferably designed to be machine-compatible for machining with rotary tools.

Fig. 13 shows a schematic side view of several adjacent, quadrilateral hexagonal modular blocks (52) in any number as well as their assembly direction during pre- and/or final assembly. To erect the component framework (12), the quadrilateral hexagonal modular blocks (52) are assembled in a vertical direction, from top to bottom, step by step or incrementally and additively, and sealed against each other.

Fig. 14 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a connection, fastening, sealing and/or anchoring point, e.g. the gap spacer (4) in at least one formwork (1) and/or shell building material (13) adjacent to the gap, wherein the gap spacer (4) completely penetrates the formwork (1) and projects into at least one of the at least two shells spaced apart from one another and adjacent to the gap. The gap spacer (4) can thus also be anchored with the aid of at least the shell building material (13). In particular, Fig. 14i shows an enlarged, schematic side view of the said connection, fastening, sealing and/or anchoring point with the shell building material (13). The gap spacer (4) is made of a porous, open-pore material. In this case, it is possible that during the installation process of the shell construction material (13) it penetrates into the pores of the spacer material and, during its subsequent solidification, an additional mechanical anchoring of the same in at least one of the at least two spaced apart, adjacent space shells. In particular, Fig. 14ii. shows a further enlarged, schematic side view of the said connection, fastening, sealing and/or anchoring point. The anchoring of the intermediate spacers (4) in the shell building material (13) is achieved with grooves, notches or milled recesses etc. made in the end region of the intermediate spacers (4), which mechanically connect the shell building material (13) after installation and subsequent solidification. In particular, Fig. 14iii. shows a further enlarged, schematic side view of the said connection, fastening, sealing and/or anchoring point with the shell building material (13). The intermediate spacer (4) is made of wood. In this case, there is a possibility that during the installation process of the shell building material (13) it will penetrate into the pores of the intermediate spacer material made of wood (4). The wooden spacer (4) swells and increases its volume in the area inside the shell. Since liquid shell building material (13) can also penetrate into the pores of the front surface of the wooden spacer (4), it swells more at the end of the spacer than at its shaft. This results in a conical increase in volume, with the cone increasing in size towards the end of the spacer. The subsequent hardening and solidification of the shell building material (13) leaves behind a conically swollen wooden spacer (4) in the area inside at least one of the at least two shells spaced apart from one another.

Fig. 15a shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a structure (11) consisting of at least two shells (15a, 15b) spaced apart from one another and a gap (16) delimited by them and enclosed between them. The structure (11) contains formwork (1) which forms the at least two shells (15a, 15b) spaced apart from one another by forming at least one of the at least two shells (15a, 15b) spaced apart from one another using a single formwork (1). Furthermore, a plurality of gap spacers (4) are arranged in the gap (16) delimited by the at least two shells (15a, 15b) spaced apart from one another and enclosed between them, said gap spacers being anchored at least in at least one formwork (1) adjacent to the gap (16). The construction (11) additionally comprises at least one heating and/or cooling circuit (22) and a miniaturized heating and/or cooling unit (23) positioned on the side of the shell (15b) facing the outside area (7) that faces the outside area (7). At least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells (15a, 15b) and/or the intermediate space (16) delimited by them and enclosed between them contains fluid lines (21) that are connected and sealed to at least one miniaturized heating and/or cooling unit (23) and are in fluid contact. The fluid lines (21) are laid out from the side of the shell (15b) facing the outside area (7) that faces the outside area (7) in at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells (15a, 15b) and/or the intermediate space (16) delimited by them and enclosed between them by means of loops arranged in a predetermined geometry or a predetermined line geometry. In addition, a fleece (30) can be arranged on the side of the shell (15a) facing the inner region (8) that is connected to a capillary tube (29) and is in fluid contact. The capillary tube (29) extends from the side of the shell (15a) facing the inner region (8) across the structure (11) to the a suitable location on the side of one of the at least two spaced-apart shells (15a, 15b) of the structure (11) facing the outside area (7). Furthermore, at least one fluid line (21) is embedded in at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells (15a, 15b) and/or in the intermediate space (16) delimited by them and enclosed between them, wherein at least one shell optionally consists of a porous, open-pored material and is connected and sealed and is in fluid contact with the fluid lines (21) of the heating and/or cooling circuit (22), wherein the coolant is injected at least once.

Fig. 15b shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a structure (11) consisting of at least two shells (39, 15) spaced apart from one another and a gap (16) delimited by them and enclosed between them. The structure (11) contains formwork (1) which forms the at least two shells (39, 15) spaced apart from one another by forming at least one of the at least two shells (39, 15) spaced apart from one another using a single formwork (1). Furthermore, a plurality of gap spacers (4) are arranged in the gap (16) delimited by the at least two shells (39, 15) spaced apart from one another and enclosed between them, which gap spacers are anchored at least in at least one formwork (1) adjacent to the gap (16). In this embodiment of the construction (11), at least one of the at least two spaced-apart individual formworks (1) includes a sealing layer (38) arranged on its side facing the outside area (7) and/or on its side facing the inside area (8) and/or a closed-pore layer and/or a combination and/or a composite of different sealing materials of the materialization of the formworks (1), which serves to seal against the outside (7) and/or inside area (8) and/or against the intermediate space (16) delimited by the at least two spaced-apart shells (39, 15) and enclosed between them. Furthermore, the individual formwork (1), if it consists of a porous, open-pore material and/or a sound, vibration and/or thermal insulation material, can be at least partially or completely filled, filled or offset with a shell building material (13). In addition, at least one intermediate space formwork (17) made of sound, vibration and/or thermal insulation material or porous, open-pore material is arranged in the intermediate space (16) delimited by the at least two spaced-apart shells (39, 15) and enclosed between them. The construction (11) additionally comprises at least one heating and/or cooling circuit (22) and a miniaturized heating and/or cooling unit (23) positioned on the side of the shell (15) facing the outside area (7) facing the outside area (7). At least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells (39, 15) and/or the intermediate space (16) delimited by them and enclosed between them contains fluid lines (21) which are connected and sealed to at least one miniaturized heating and/or cooling unit (23) and are in fluid contact. The fluid lines (21) are laid out from the side of the shell (15) facing the outer area (7) in at least one of the at least two spaced apart shells (39, 15) and/or the intermediate space (16) delimited by them and enclosed between them by means of loops arranged in a predetermined geometry or a predetermined line geometry. In addition, on the side facing the inner area (8) A fleece (30) is arranged on the side of the shell (39) facing the inner region (8), which fleece is connected to a capillary tube (29) and is in fluid contact. The capillary tube (29) is arranged from the side of the shell (39) facing the inner region (8) across the structure (11) to a suitable point on the side of one of the at least two spaced-apart shells (39, 15) of the structure (11) facing the outer region (7). Furthermore, at least one fluid line (21) is embedded in at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells (39, 15) and/or in the intermediate space (16) delimited by them and enclosed between them, wherein at least one shell optionally consists of a porous, open-pore material and is connected and sealed and is in fluid contact with the fluid lines (21) of the heating and/or cooling circuit (22), wherein the coolant is injected at least once.

Fig. 16 shows a partially sectioned, perspective view of a component framework (12) in the form of a multi-hexagonal assembled construction module (50) and/or modular building block (52) as well as a connection and sealing point (40) with regard to the final assembly.

Fig. 17a shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a structure (11) consisting of at least two, here specifically three, spaced-apart shells (14a, 14b, 15) and spaces (16a, 16b) delimited by them and enclosed between them, in a front or longitudinal view, since this embodiment of the structure (11) is a surface system, ie no surface symmetry-breaking elements such as supports and/or pillars are integrated into the structure (11). The construction (11) comprises, on the one hand, a component framework (12) which contains a plurality of formworks (1) which at least partially form at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells (14a, 14b, 15) by delimiting at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells (14a, 14b) at least on its side facing the outside (7) or inside area (8), and contains at least one formwork (1) which completely forms at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells (15) by being designed using a single formwork (1). At least one of the at least two, here specifically three spaced-apart shells (14a, 14b) further contains at least one reinforcement (2). The component framework (12) also contains a plurality of gap spacers (4) which are arranged in the gaps (16a, 16b) delimited by the at least two spaced-apart shells (14a, 14b, 15) and enclosed between them. The gap spacers (4) are anchored in at least one formwork (1) adjacent to the gaps (16a, 16b) and are arranged at an angle other than 90° to the surface of a shell (14a, 14b, 15) adjacent to the gap, which delimits the gap. The construction (11) also comprises a shell building material (13) which at least partially fills at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells (14a, 14b) and at least partially adjoins at least one formwork (1). In addition, the component framework (12) contains at least one formwork (1) and/or at least one gap formwork (17) which is arranged in at least one gap (16a, 16b) delimited by the at least two spaced-apart shells (14a, 14b, 15) and enclosed between them. Fig. 17b corresponds to Fig. 17a, which shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of a construction (11) consisting of at least two, here specifically three, spaced-apart shells (14a, 14b, 15) and intermediate spaces (16a, 16b) delimited by them and enclosed between them, wherein the construction (11) additionally comprises a heating and/or cooling circuit (22) and at least one miniaturized heating and/or cooling unit (23) positioned on the side of the shell (15) facing the outside area (7), which is combined with a PV panel (56) to generate energy. At least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells (14a, 14b, 15) and/or the intermediate spaces (16a, 16b) delimited by them and enclosed between them contains fluid lines (21) which are connected and sealed to at least one miniaturized heating and/or cooling unit (23) and are in fluid contact. The fluid lines (21) are laid out from the side of the shell (15) facing the outer area (7) in at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells (14a, 14b) and/or the intermediate spaces (16a, 16b) delimited by them and enclosed between them by means of loops arranged in a predetermined geometry or a predetermined line geometry.

Fig. 17c corresponds to Fig. 17b, which shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of a construction (11) consisting of at least two, here specifically three, spaced-apart shells (14a, 14b, 15) and intermediate spaces (16a, 16b) delimited by them and enclosed between them, wherein the construction (11) additionally comprises a circuit with secondary medium which is coupled to the heating and/or cooling circuit (22) by means of a plate heat exchanger (32). At least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells (14a, 14b, 15) and/or the intermediate spaces (16a, 16b) delimited by them and enclosed between them contains fluid lines (21) which are connected and sealed to at least one miniaturized heating and/or cooling unit (23), at least one plate heat exchanger (32) and/or at least one circulation pump (57) and are in fluid contact and are laid out by means of loops arranged in a predetermined geometry or a predetermined line geometry.

Fig. 17d corresponds to Fig. 17c, which shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of a construction (11) consisting of at least two, here specifically three, spaced-apart shells (14a, 14b, 15) and intermediate spaces (16a, 16b) delimited by them and enclosed between them, wherein the construction (11) additionally comprises a circuit with secondary medium which, without a heating and/or cooling circuit (22) coupled thereto, by means of at least one external fluid supply and/or discharge (59). At least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells (14a, 14b, 15) and/or the intermediate spaces (16a, 16b) delimited by them and enclosed between them contains fluid lines (21) which are connected to the circuit with secondary medium, at least one plate heat exchanger (32), at least one circulation pump (57) and/or at least one external fluid supply and/or discharge (59) and are sealed and in fluid contact and are laid out by means of loops arranged in a predetermined geometry or a predetermined line geometry. Fig. 18a shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a construction (11) consisting of at least two, here specifically two spaced-apart shells (14a, 14b) and a space (16) delimited by them and enclosed between them, in a front or longitudinal view, since this embodiment of the construction (11) is a surface system, i.e. no surface symmetry-breaking elements such as supports and/or pillars are integrated into the construction (11). The construction (11) comprises on the one hand a component framework (12) which has at least one formwork

(I) which at least partially or completely forms at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells (14a, 14b) by at least partially or completely delimiting it at least on its side facing the intermediate space (16) delimited by the at least two spaced-apart shells (14a, 14b, 15) and enclosed between them. At least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells (14a, 14b) further includes at least one reinforcement (2). The component framework (12) also includes a plurality of intermediate space spacers (4) which are arranged in the intermediate space (16) delimited by the at least two spaced-apart shells (14a, 14b) and enclosed between them. The gap spacers (4) are anchored in at least one formwork (1) adjacent to the gap (16) and are arranged at an angle other than 90° to the surface of a shell (14a, 14b) adjacent to the gap, which delimits the gap. The construction (11) also comprises a shell building material (13) which at least partially fills at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells (14a, 14b) and at least partially or completely adjoins at least one formwork (1). In addition, the component framework (12) contains at least one formwork (1) and/or at least one gap formwork (17) which is arranged in the gap (16) delimited by the at least two spaced-apart shells (14a, 14b) and enclosed between them.

Fig. 18b corresponds to Fig. 18a, which is a schematic cross-sectional view of a construction

(I I) consisting of at least two, here specifically two shells (14a, 14b) spaced apart from one another and an intermediate space (16) delimited by them and enclosed between them, wherein the construction (11) additionally comprises a circuit with secondary medium, which, without a heating and/or cooling circuit (22) coupled thereto, by means of at least one external fluid supply and/or discharge (59). At least one of the at least two shells (14a, 14b) spaced apart from one another and/or the intermediate space (16) delimited by them and enclosed between them contains fluid lines (21) which are connected to the circuit with secondary medium, at least one plate heat exchanger (32), at least one circulating pump (57) and/or at least one external fluid supply and/or discharge (59) and are sealed and in fluid contact and are laid out by means of loops arranged in a predetermined geometry or a predetermined line geometry.

Fig. 19a shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a construction (11) consisting of at least two, here specifically two spaced apart shells (14a, 14b) and a space (16) delimited by them and enclosed between them, in a front or longitudinal view, because this embodiment of the structure (11) is a surface system, i.e. no surface symmetry-breaking elements such as supports and/or pillars are integrated into the structure (11). The structure (11) comprises, on the one hand, a component framework (12) which contains a multiplicity of intermediate space spacers (4) which are arranged in the intermediate space (16) delimited by the at least two spaced-apart shells (14a, 14b) and enclosed between them, which are anchored in at least one shell (14a, 14b) adjacent to the intermediate space (16) and/or further structural components and are arranged at an angle other than 90° to the surface delimiting the intermediate space of a shell (14a, 14b) adjacent to the intermediate space. At least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells (14a, 14b) further contains at least one reinforcement (2). The construction (11) on the other hand comprises a shell building material (13) which at least partially or completely fills at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells (14a, 14b) and at least partially or completely borders on the intermediate space (16) delimited by the at least two spaced-apart shells (14a, 14b) and enclosed between them.

Fig. 19b corresponds to Fig. 19a, which shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of a construction (11) consisting of at least two, here specifically two spaced-apart shells (14a, 14b) and a gap (16) delimited by them and enclosed between them, wherein the component framework (12) additionally contains at least one, here specifically two gap formworks (17) which are arranged in the gap (16) delimited by the at least two spaced-apart shells (14a, 14b) and enclosed between them.

Fig. 19c corresponds to Fig. 19a, which shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of a construction (11) consisting of at least two, here specifically two spaced-apart shells (14a, 14b) and a gap (16) delimited by them and enclosed between them, wherein the component framework (12) additionally contains at least one formwork (1) which is arranged in the gap (16) delimited by the at least two spaced-apart shells (14a, 14b) and enclosed between them.

Fig. 19d corresponds to Fig. 19a, which shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of a construction (11) consisting of at least two, here specifically two spaced-apart shells (14, 15) and an intermediate space (16) delimited by them and enclosed between them, wherein at least one formwork (1) completely forms at least one of the at least spaced-apart shells (15) by being designed by means of a single formwork (1) and therefore the intermediate spacers (4) are anchored at least in the single formwork (15).

Fig. 19e corresponds to Fig. 19d, which shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a construction (11) consisting of at least two, here specifically two spaced-apart shells (14, 15) and a gap (16) delimited by them and enclosed between them, wherein the component framework (12) additionally has at least one, here specifically two gap formworks (17) which are arranged in the intermediate space (16) delimited by the at least two spaced-apart shells (14, 15) and enclosed between them.

Fig. 19f corresponds to Fig. 19d, which shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of a construction (11) consisting of at least two, here specifically two spaced-apart shells (14a, 15) and a gap (16) delimited by them and enclosed between them, wherein the component framework (12) additionally contains at least one formwork (1) which is arranged in the gap (16) delimited by the at least two spaced-apart shells (14a, 15) and enclosed between them.

In an extended embodiment of the construction (11), all embodiments of the cross-sectional representations of the construction (11) shown in Fig. 19a - f can be combined or summarized with and/or among each other.

Fig. 20a shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a structure (11) consisting of at least two, here specifically two spaced-apart shells (14, 15) and a space (16) delimited by them and enclosed between them, in a front or longitudinal view, since this embodiment of the structure (11) is a surface system, i.e. no surface symmetry-breaking elements such as supports and/or pillars are integrated into the structure (11). The construction (11) comprises, on the one hand, a component framework (12) which contains a multiplicity of space spacers (4) arranged in the intermediate space (16) delimited by the at least two spaced-apart shells (14, 15) and enclosed between them, which are anchored at least in at least one shell (14, 15) adjacent to the intermediate space (16) and/or further structural components and are arranged at an angle other than 90° to the surface delimiting the intermediate space of a shell (14, 15) adjacent to the intermediate space, and contains at least one formwork (1) which completely forms at least one of the at least spaced-apart shells (15) by being designed using a single formwork (1) and therefore the space spacers (4) are anchored at least in at least one single formwork (15). At least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells (14, 15) further contains at least one reinforcement (2). The construction (11) on the other hand comprises a shell building material (13) which at least partially or completely fills at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells (14) and at least partially or completely borders on the intermediate space (16) delimited by the at least two spaced-apart shells (14, 15) and enclosed between them.

In addition, the component framework (12) contains at least one formwork (1) and/or at least one, here specifically two, intermediate space formworks (17), which is/are arranged in the intermediate space (16) delimited by the at least two spaced-apart shells (14, 15) and enclosed between them. Fig. 20b corresponds to Fig. 20a, which shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of a construction (11) consisting of at least two, here specifically two spaced-apart shells (15, 14) and an intermediate space (16) delimited by them and enclosed between them.

Fig. 20c corresponds to Fig. 20a, which shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of a construction (11) consisting of at least two, here specifically two spaced-apart shells (15a, 15b) and an intermediate space (16) delimited by them and enclosed between them, wherein at least one formwork (1) completely forms at least one of the at least spaced-apart shells (15a, 15b) by being designed by means of a single formwork (1) and therefore the intermediate spacers (4) are anchored at least in at least one single formwork (15a, 15b) and wherein the construction (11) does not comprise any shell building material (13).

Fig. 20d corresponds to Fig. 19d, which shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a construction (11) consisting of at least two, here specifically two spaced-apart shells (15a, 15b) and an intermediate space (16) delimited by them and enclosed between them, wherein at least one formwork (1) completely forms at least one of the at least spaced-apart shells (15a, 15b) by being designed by means of a single formwork (1) and therefore the intermediate spacers (4) are anchored at least in at least one single formwork (15) and wherein the construction (11) does not comprise any shell building material (13).

Fig. 20e corresponds to Fig. 20d, which shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of a construction (11) consisting of at least two, here specifically two spaced-apart shells (15a, 15b) and a gap (16) delimited by them and enclosed between them, wherein the component framework (12) additionally contains at least one, here specifically two, gap formworks (17) in the gap (16) delimited by the at least two spaced-apart shells (15a, 15b) and enclosed between them.

Fig. 20f corresponds to Fig. 20d, which shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of a construction (11) consisting of at least two, here specifically two spaced-apart shells (15a, 15b) and a gap (16) delimited by them and enclosed between them, wherein the component framework (12) additionally contains at least one formwork (1) in the gap (16) delimited by the at least two spaced-apart shells (15a, 15b) and enclosed between them.

In an extended embodiment of the construction (11), all embodiments of the cross-sectional representations of the construction (11) shown in Fig. 20a - f can be combined or summarized with and/or among each other.

Fig. 21 a.) - k.) show in a schematic cross-sectional representation a general embodiment for the step-by-step pre- and final assembly of the construction (11), in particular a wall, floor, ceiling and/or roof construction and/or a cantilevered construction such as canopies, Balconies or fire walls of a building or any structure, consisting of at least two, here specifically three spaced-apart shells (14a, 14b, 15) and spaces (16, 16a, 16b) delimited by them and enclosed between them, in front or longitudinal view, since this embodiment of the construction (11) is a surface system, ie no surface symmetry-breaking elements such as supports and/or pillars are integrated into the construction (11). The construction (11) comprises, on the one hand, a component framework (12) which contains at least one formwork (1) which at least partially forms at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells (14a, 14b, 15) by, on the one hand, delimiting at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells (14a, 14b) at least on its side facing the outside (7) or inside area (8), and at least one formwork (1) which completely forms at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells (15) by being designed using a single formwork (1). At least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells (14a, 14b) further contains at least one reinforcement (2). The component framework (12) also contains a plurality of gap spacers (4) which are arranged in the gaps (16, 16a, 16b) delimited by the at least two spaced-apart shells (14a, 14b, 15) and enclosed between them. The gap spacers (4) are anchored in at least one formwork (1) adjacent to the gaps (16a, 16b) and are arranged at an angle other than 90° to the surface of a shell (14a, 14b, 15) adjacent to the gap, which delimits the gap. The construction (11) also comprises a shell building material (13) which at least partially fills at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells (14a, 14b) and at least partially adjoins at least one formwork (1). In addition, the component framework (12) contains at least one formwork (1) and/or at least one gap formwork (17) which is arranged in at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells (14a, 14b, 15) and enclosed between them.

Optionally, the construction (11) comprises at least one heating and/or cooling circuit (22) which is coupled to at least one circuit with secondary medium by means of a plate heat exchanger (32), as well as a miniaturized heating and/or cooling unit (23) positioned on the side of the shell (15) facing the outside area (7) which is combined with a PV panel (56) to generate energy. The circuit with secondary medium contains fluid lines (21) in at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells (14a, 14b, 15) and/or the spaces (16a, 16b) delimited by them and enclosed between them, which are connected and sealed to at least one miniaturized heating and/or cooling unit (23), at least one plate heat exchanger (32) and/or at least one circulation pump (57) and are in fluid contact and are laid out by means of loops arranged in a predetermined geometry or a predetermined line geometry.

Fig. 21 a.), b.) show in a schematic, longitudinal cross-sectional view a first process step of the pre-assembly of the construction (11) into a component (55) and/or a raw, partial and/or complete component frame (12) by means of frontal, step-by-step or incremental and additive Assembling and mutually sealing several building modules (50) and/or several modular components (52).

Fig. 21 c.) shows in a schematic, longitudinal cross-sectional view a further process step of the pre-assembly of the construction (11) as it is integrated into the component framework (12) in the form of a construction module (50), a component (55), a raw, partial and/or complete component framework

Structural components such as at least one reinforcement (2) and/or technical components such as building or supply technology elements such as at least one fluid line (21), at least one plate heat exchanger (32) and/or at least one circulation pump (57) are pre-assembled.

Fig. 21 d.) shows in a schematic, longitudinal cross-sectional view a further method step of pre-assembling the construction (11) into a raw, partial or complete building element (54), how a shell building material (13) is at least partially installed in the component framework (12) in the form of a raw, partial or complete building module (50) and/or a component (55) or in at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells (14a), at least partially delimited by at least one formwork (1), which solidifies shortly after installation in at least one formwork (1) as a shaping formwork/casting mold and/or if necessary in an additional and/or independent, temporary formwork/casting mold and thus at least partially forms at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells (14a).

Fig. 21 e.) shows in a schematic, longitudinal cross-sectional view a further method step of the pre-assembly of the construction (11) how the component framework (12) in the form of a raw, partial or complete construction module (50), a raw, partial or complete construction element (54) and/or a component (55) is rotated, e.g. B. around its longitudinal axis, by 180°, so that at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells (14a) comes to lie on the opposite side in relation to the cross-section of the construction or which comprises at least the partial or complete formation of at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells (14a) with a shell building material (13) which is installed in loose, liquid or flowable form in at least one, at least partially or completely pre-assembled, additional and/or independent, temporary formwork/casting mold, which at least partially or completely forms the at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells (14a) and then the joining, positioning and fixing of a pre-assembled component frame (12) in the form of a raw, partial or complete component frame with the at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells (14a), formed by the previously assembled, additional and/or independent, temporary formwork/casting mold, whereupon the shell building material (13) is located after the gradual, partial or complete installation in the previously assembled, additional and/or independent, temporary formwork/casting mold as a shaping formwork/casting mold and thus at least partially forms at least one of the at least two spaced apart shells (14a). In particular, this can be important with regard to horizontal supporting structures such as floor, ceiling and/or roof structures, so that the component framework (12) in the form of a construction module (50), a structural element (54) and/or a component (55) can support its own loads and possible payloads for the further pre- or final assembly steps of the construction (11).

Fig. 21 f.), g.) shows in a schematic, front-side cross-sectional view a further process step of the pre- and/or final assembly of the construction (11) to a raw or partial construction, how the component framework (12) in the form of at least one raw, partial or complete component (54) and/or at least one component (55) is assembled step by step or incrementally and additively and mutually sealed.

Fig. 21 h.) shows in a schematic, front-side cross-sectional view a further method step of the pre- and/or final assembly of the construction (11) as in the component framework (12) in the form of a raw or partial construction of the construction (11), a raw, partial or complete component (54) and/or a component (55) additional load-bearing components such as at least one reinforcement (2) and/or additional technical components such as building or

Supply technology elements such as at least one fluid line (21), at least one plate heat exchanger (32) and/or at least one circulation pump (57) are pre-assembled.

Fig. 21 i.) shows in a schematic, front-side cross-sectional view a further method step of the pre- and/or final assembly of the structure (11), how a shell building material (13) is at least partially installed in the component framework (12) in the form of a raw or partial construction of the structure (11), a raw, partial or complete component (54) and/or a component (55) or in at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells (14b), at least partially delimited by at least one formwork (1), which solidifies shortly after installation in at least one formwork (1) as a shaping formwork/casting mold and/or if necessary in an additional and/or independent, temporary formwork/casting mold and thus at least partially forms at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells (14b).

Fig. 21 j.) shows, starting from the completed process step of pre- and/or final assembly according to Fig. 21 h.), in a schematic, front-side cross-sectional view, a further process step of pre- and/or final assembly of the construction (11), how an additional component framework (12) in the form of at least one construction module (50), at least one modular component (52) and/or at least one component (55) is assembled and sealed at the front or lengthwise, step by step or incrementally and additively and at the same time is pre- and/or finally assembled step by step or incrementally and additively in and/or on the existing component framework (12) in the form of a raw or partial construction of the construction (11), a raw, partial or complete component (54) and/or a component (55), whereby the shell (14b) of the at least two shells (14a, 14b, 15) spaced apart from one another and the space between them (16b) of the intermediate spaces (16, 16a, 16b) of the construction (11) delimited by the at least two spaced shells (14a, 14b, 15) and enclosed between them. Alternatively, at least one construction module (50), at least one modular building block (52) and/or at least one component (55) can first be joined together at the front or lengthwise, step by step or incrementally and additively and sealed against each other, whereupon step by step or incrementally and additively in and/or onto the existing component framework (12) in the form of a raw or partial construction of the construction (11), at least one raw, partial or complete component (54) and/or one component (55) is pre- and/or finally assembled, whereby the shell (14a, 14b) of the at least two spaced-apart shells (14a, 14b, 15) and the intermediate space (16b) of the intermediate spaces (16, 16a, 16b) of the construction (11) delimited by the at least two spaced-apart shells (14a, 14b, 15) and enclosed between them are created.

Fig. 21 k.) shows in a schematic cross-sectional representation a further, e.g. final process step of the pre- and/or final assembly of the construction (11), in a front or longitudinal view, since this embodiment of the construction (11) is a surface system, i.e. no surface symmetry-breaking elements such as e.g. supports and/or pillars are integrated into the construction (11), how a shell building material (13) is at least partially installed in the raw or partial construction of the construction (11) or the component framework (12) or in at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells, at least partially delimited by at least one formwork (1), which solidifies shortly after installation in at least one formwork (1) as a shaping formwork/casting mold and/or if necessary in an additional and/or independent, temporary formwork/casting mold and thus at least partially forms at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells (14b). Optionally, technical components such as building or supply technology elements such as at least one heating and/or cooling circuit (22) and at least one miniaturized heating and/or cooling unit (23) positioned on the side of the shell (15) facing the outside area (7) are then mounted in and/or on the existing component framework (12) in the form of a raw, partial or complete construction of the structure (11), which is combined with a PV panel (56) to generate energy. At least one of the at least two shells (14a, 14b, 15) spaced apart from one another and/or the spaces (16a, 16b) delimited by them and enclosed between them optionally contains fluid lines (21) which are connected to and sealed with at least one miniaturized heating and/or cooling unit (23) and are in fluid contact. Technical components such as e.g. building or supply technology elements such as at least one heating and/or cooling circuit (22) and at least one miniaturized heating and/or cooling unit (23) are then mounted in and/or on the existing component framework (12) in the form of a raw, partial or complete construction of the structure (11). B. Measuring and/or control elements (33) are mounted.

Fig. 22 shows a partially sectioned, perspective view of a raw, partial or complete construction (11) which consists of raw, partial or complete construction elements (54) and/or components (55) which are arranged side by side, joined together and sealed against one another, which in turn is optionally equipped with at least one miniaturized heating and/or cooling unit (23) positioned on the side of the construction (11) facing the outside area (7) and is combined with a PV panel (56) for energy generation.

Fig. 23a shows a schematic, front and/or longitudinal cross-sectional view of connection and sealing points (40) such as mutually overlapping folds with a cross-section in rectangular form (41) between individual raw, partial or complete component frames (12) of a construction (11), consisting of at least two, here specifically two spaced apart Shells (14a, 14b) and a gap (16) delimited by them and enclosed between them. The individual raw, partial or complete component frameworks (12) consist of load-bearing components such as formwork (1), gap spacers (4), gap formwork (17) and/or reinforcements (2), wherein the construction (11) comprises a shell building material (13) which at least partially fills at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells (14a, 14b).

Fig. 23b shows a schematic, front and/or longitudinal cross-sectional representation of connection and sealing points (40), such as mutually overlapping folds with a cross-section in rectangular shape (41) between individual raw, partial or entire component frameworks (12) of a construction (11), consisting of at least two, specifically two shells (14a, 14b) spaced apart from one another and an intermediate space (16) delimited by them and enclosed between them. The individual raw, partial or entire component frameworks (12) consist of load-bearing structure components, such as. B. formwork (1), spacer (4), space formwork (17) and/or reinforcements (2), wherein the construction (11) comprises a shell building material (13) which at least partially fills at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells (14a, 14b) and/or which completely fills at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells (14a, 14b).

Fig. 23c shows a schematic, front and/or longitudinal cross-sectional representation of connection and sealing points (40), such as mutually overlapping folds with a cross-section in rectangular shape (41) between individual raw, partial or entire component frameworks (12) of a construction (11), consisting of at least two, specifically here two shells (14, 15) spaced apart from one another and a gap (16) delimited by them and enclosed between them, wherein the individual raw, partial or entire component frameworks (12) contain at least one formwork (1) which completely forms at least one of the at least spaced apart shells (15) by being designed using a single formwork (1). The individual raw, partial or entire component frameworks (12) consist of load-bearing structure components, such as. B. formwork (1), spacer (4), space formwork (17) and/or reinforcements (2), wherein the construction (11) comprises a shell building material (13) which at least partially fills at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells (14).

Fig. 23d shows a schematic, front and/or longitudinal cross-sectional view of connection and sealing points (40) such as mutually overlapping folds with a cross-section in rectangular shape (41) between individual raw, partial or complete component frames (12) of a construction (11), consisting of at least two, here specifically two spaced-apart shells (14, 15) and a gap (16) delimited by them and enclosed between them, wherein the individual raw, partial or complete component frames (12) contain at least one formwork (1) which completely forms at least one of the at least spaced-apart shells (15) by being designed by means of a single formwork (1). The individual raw, partial or complete component frames (12) consist of structural components such as formwork (1), gap spacers (4), gap formwork (17) and/or reinforcements (2), wherein the Construction (11) comprises a shell building material (13) which at least partially or completely fills at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells (14).

Fig. 23e shows a schematic, front and/or longitudinal cross-sectional representation of connection and sealing points (40), such as mutually overlapping folds with a cross-section in rectangular shape (41) between individual raw, partial or entire component frameworks (12) of a construction (11), consisting of at least two, specifically here two shells (15, 14) spaced apart from one another and an intermediate space (16) delimited by them and enclosed between them, wherein the individual raw, partial or entire component frameworks (12) contain at least one formwork (1) which completely forms at least one of the at least spaced apart shells (15) by being designed by means of a single formwork (1). The individual raw, partial or entire component frameworks (12) consist of load-bearing structure components, such as. B. formwork (1), spacer (4) and/or space formwork (17), wherein the construction (11) comprises a shell building material (13) which at least partially fills at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells (14).

Fig. 23f shows a schematic, front and/or longitudinal cross-sectional representation of connection and sealing points (40), such as mutually overlapping folds with a cross-section in rectangular shape (41) between individual raw, partial or entire component frameworks (12) of a construction (11), consisting of at least two, specifically here two shells (15, 14) spaced apart from one another and a gap (16) delimited by them and enclosed between them, wherein the individual raw, partial or entire component frameworks (12) contain at least one formwork (1) which completely forms at least one of the at least spaced apart shells (15) by being designed using a single formwork (1). The individual raw, partial or entire component frameworks (12) consist of load-bearing structure components, such as. B. formwork (1), spacer (4), space formwork (17) and/or reinforcements (2), wherein the construction (11) comprises a shell building material (13) which at least partially fills at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells (14).

Fig. 23g shows a schematic, front and/or longitudinal cross-sectional representation of connection and sealing points (40) such as mutually overlapping folds with a cross-section in rectangular shape (41) between individual raw, partial or entire component frames (12) of a construction (11), consisting of at least two, specifically here two spaced-apart shells (15a, 15b) and a gap (16) delimited by them and enclosed between them, wherein the individual raw, partial or entire component frames (12) contain at least one formwork (1) which completely forms at least one of the at least spaced-apart shells (15a, 15b) by being designed using a single formwork (1). The individual raw, partial or entire component frames (12) consist of load-bearing structure components such as formwork (1), gap spacers (4) and/or gap formwork (17). Fig. 23h shows a schematic, front and/or longitudinal cross-sectional representation of connection and sealing points (40) such as mutually overlapping folds with a cross-section in rectangular shape (41) between individual raw, partial or entire component frames (12) of a construction (11), consisting of at least two, specifically here two spaced-apart shells (15a, 15b) and a gap (16) delimited by them and enclosed between them, wherein the individual raw, partial or entire component frames (12) contain at least one formwork (1) which completely forms at least one of the at least spaced-apart shells (15a, 15b) by being designed using a single formwork (1). The individual raw, partial or entire component frames (12) consist of load-bearing structure components such as formwork (1), gap spacers (4), gap formwork (17) and/or reinforcements (2).

Fig. 24 a1 .), b1 .), c1 .), d1 .), e1 .), f1 .), g1 .), h1 .) and i1 .) show schematic cross-sectional representations of a connection, fastening, sealing and/or anchoring of structural components such as shell and/or intermediate spacers (3, 4) in at least one formwork (1), wherein the shell and/or intermediate spacer (3, 4) completely penetrates the formwork (1) and is inclined to the surface of the formwork (1), arranged at an angle other than 90°. The provision of an external thread (60) in the shell and/or intermediate spacer (3, 4), shown in Fig. 24a1 .), b1 .), c1 .), d1 .), e1 .) and f1 .) makes it possible to mount the same in at least one formwork (1) without any feed movement, only with the screwing effect of the external thread (60).

Fig. 24 a2.), b2.), c2.), d2.), e2.), f2.), g2.), h2.) and i2.) show schematic cross-sectional representations of a connection, fastening, sealing and/or anchoring of structural components such as shell and/or intermediate spacers (3, 4) in at least one formwork (1), wherein the shell and/or intermediate spacer (3, 4) does not penetrate the formwork (1) and is arranged at an angle other than 90° to the surface of the formwork (1). The provision of an external thread (60) in the shell and/or intermediate spacer (3, 4), shown in Fig. 24 a2.), b2.), c2.), d2.), e2.) and f2.), makes it possible to mount the same in at least one formwork (1) without any feed movement, only with the screwing effect of the external thread (60).

Fig. 24 a1.) shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the connection, fastening, sealing and/or anchoring of a structural component such as a shell and/or intermediate spacer (3, 4) in at least one formwork (1), which is provided with an external thread (60) and is thus connected, fastened, sealed and/or anchored in the formwork (1). The shell and/or intermediate spacer (3, 4) can be screwed into the previously made hole in the formwork (1) with or without a previously made internal thread (61) during pre- and/or final assembly. Fig. 24 a2.) corresponds to Fig. 24 a1 .) with the difference that the previously made hole in the formwork (1) is designed as a blind hole.

Fig. 24 b1 .) corresponds to Fig. 24 a1 .) wherein the structural component such as a shell and/or spacer (3, 4) is additionally provided with a thread cutting edge (62) in order to to additionally create an internal thread (61) in the previously drilled hole in the formwork (1) during pre- and/or final assembly. Fig. 24 b2.) corresponds to Fig. 24 b1 .) with the difference that the previously drilled hole in the formwork (1) is designed as a blind hole.

Fig. 24 c1 .) corresponds to Fig. 24 a1 .) whereby the structural component such as a shell and/or intermediate spacer (3, 4) is additionally provided with a drilling blade (63) in order to partially or completely create a hole in the formwork (1) during pre- and/or final assembly. Fig. 24 c2.) corresponds to Fig. 24 c1 .) with the difference that the hole in the formwork (1) is designed as a blind hole.

As an option, the structural component such as a shell and/or gap spacer (3, 4) can be provided with a combined thread cutting edge (62) and a drilling cutting edge (63) in order to partially or completely create a hole in the formwork (1) and an internal thread (61) in the formwork during pre- and/or final assembly.

Fig. 24 d1.) shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the connection, fastening, sealing and/or anchoring of a structural component such as a shell and/or intermediate spacer (3, 4) in at least one formwork (1), wherein the latter is provided with an external thread (60) and is thus connected, fastened, sealed and/or anchored in the formwork (1). In addition, at least one end region of the shell and/or intermediate spacer (3, 4) is provided with a press, drill, thread, thread-cutting and/or screw sleeve (64), which in turn is provided with an external thread (60). The shell and/or intermediate spacer (3, 4), provided with the press, drill, thread, thread-cutting and/or screw sleeve (64), can be screwed into the previously made hole in the formwork (1) with or without a previously made internal thread (61) during pre- and/or final assembly. Fig. 24 d2.) corresponds to Fig. 24 d1 .) with the difference that the bore in the formwork (1) is designed as a blind hole.

Fig. 24 e1 .) corresponds to Fig. 24 d1 .) whereby the pressing, drilling, threading, thread-cutting and/or screwing sleeve (64) is additionally provided with a thread cutting edge (62) in order to additionally create an internal thread (61) in the previously made hole in the formwork (1) during the pre- and/or final assembly. Fig. 24 e2.) corresponds to Fig. 24 e1.) with the difference that the previously made hole in the formwork (1) is designed as a blind hole.

Fig. 24 f1 .) corresponds to Fig. 24 d1 .) whereby the pressing, drilling, threading, thread-cutting and/or screwing sleeve (64) is additionally provided with a drilling blade (63) in order to partially or completely create a hole in the formwork (1) during pre- and/or final assembly. Fig. 24 f2.) corresponds to Fig. 24 f1 .) with the difference that the hole in the formwork (1) is designed as a blind hole. As an option, the structural component such as a shell and/or spacer (3, 4) can be provided with a press, drill, thread, thread cutting and/or screw sleeve (64), which in turn is provided with an external thread (60), a thread cutting edge (62) and/or a drilling cutting edge (63) in order to partially or completely create a hole in the formwork (1) and an internal thread (61) therein during pre- and/or final assembly.

Fig. 24 g1.) and g2.) show schematic cross-sectional representations of the connection, fastening, sealing and/or anchoring of a structural component such as a shell and/or intermediate spacer (3, 4) in at least one formwork (1), wherein the latter, provided either with or without an external thread (60), is screwed into a screw-in nut and/or sleeve with an external and/or internal thread (65), which in turn is connected, fastened, sealed and/or anchored in the formwork (1) by means of an external thread (60). The shell and/or intermediate spacer (3, 4), provided with the screw-in nut and/or sleeve with an external and/or internal thread (65), can be screwed into the previously made hole in the formwork (1) with or without an internal thread (61) during pre- and/or final assembly. Alternatively, the screw-in nut and/or sleeve with an external and/or internal thread (65) can be screwed in during pre- and/or final assembly concentrically between the shell and/or intermediate spacer (3, 4), which is already pre-assembled in the formwork (1), and the previously made hole in the formwork (1) or concentrically over the pre-assembled shell and/or intermediate spacer (3, 4) and concentrically in the previously made hole in the formwork (1) from the corresponding end of the shell and/or intermediate spacer (3, 4). The screw-in nut and/or sleeve with an external and/or internal thread (65) can also take on at least part of the static-dynamic load of the structure, such as compressive stresses in the formwork (1).

Fig. 24 h1 .) and h2.) corresponds to Fig. 24 g1 .) and g2.) wherein the screw-in nut and/or sleeve with an external and/or internal thread (65) is additionally provided with material clearing and/or drilling cutting edges (66), which are shown in particular in the enlarged view, so that the screw-in nut and/or sleeve with an external and/or internal thread (65) can be screwed in more easily with the same during pre- and/or final assembly.

Fig. 24 i1 .) and i2.) corresponds to Fig. 24 g1 .) and g2.) wherein the screw-in nut and/or sleeve with an external and/or an internal thread (65) is additionally provided with a thread cutting edge (62) in order to additionally partially or completely create an external and/or internal thread (60, 61) in the bore in the formwork (1) during the pre- and/or final assembly.

As an option, the structural component such as a shell and/or spacer (3, 4) can be provided with a screw-in nut and/or sleeve with an external and/or internal thread (65), which in turn can be provided with an external thread (60), with a thread cutting edge (62) and/or is provided in combination with material clearing and/or drilling cutting edges (66) in order to partially or completely create an internal thread (61) in the formwork (1) during pre- and/or final assembly and/or to enable simplified screwing in.

Fig. 25 a1 .) shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a connection, fastening, sealing and/or anchoring of structural components such as shell and/or intermediate spacers (3, 4) in at least one formwork (1), wherein the shell and/or intermediate spacer (3, 4) completely penetrates the formwork (1) and is arranged at an angle to the surface of the formwork (1) at an angle other than 90°. The shell and/or intermediate spacer (3, 4) is connected, fastened, sealed and/or anchored in the formwork (1) by means of the swelling effect caused by the absorption of moisture by the shell and/or the formwork (1) and/or a press and/or glue connection. Fig. 25 a2.) corresponds to Fig. 25 a1 .) with the difference that the shell and/or intermediate spacer (3, 4) does not penetrate the formwork (1) and/or the bore in the formwork (1) is designed as a blind hole.

Fig. 25 b1.) shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of a connection, fastening, sealing and/or anchoring of structural components such as shell and/or intermediate spacers (3, 4) in at least one formwork (1), wherein the shell and/or intermediate spacer (3, 4) completely penetrates the formwork (1) and is arranged at an angle other than 90° to the surface of the formwork (1). The shell and/or intermediate spacer (3, 4) is connected, fastened, sealed and/or anchored in the formwork (1) by means of a connection according to Fig. 24 a1 .), b1 .), c1 .), d1 .), e1 .), f1 .) or Fig. 25 a1 .) and is provided with at least one longitudinal axis bore, starting from at least one end of the shell and/or intermediate spacer (3, 4) up to approximately the middle of the connection, fastening, sealing and/or anchoring point within the formwork (1). In addition, the shell and/or intermediate spacer (3, 4) can have at least one transverse axis bore in this area, which in turn extends at least into the longitudinal axis bore. For this purpose, during the pre- and/or final assembly of the shell and/or intermediate spacer (3, 4), which is already pre-assembled in the formwork (1), glue can be pressed through the longitudinal axis hole, for example, which thus penetrates to approximately the center of the connection, fastening, sealing and/or anchoring point within the formwork (1) and is pressed further into the hole in the formwork (1) by means of the transverse axis hole and is thus pressed into the drill hole of the shell and/or intermediate spacer (3, 4) in the formwork (1) and thus, during its subsequent solidification, creates and/or reinforces the connection, fastening, sealing and/or anchoring of the shell and/or intermediate spacer (3, 4) in at least one formwork (1). Fig. 25 b2.) corresponds to Fig. 25 b1 .) with the difference that the shell and/or gap spacer (3, 4) does not penetrate the formwork (1).

Fig. 25 c1 .) corresponds to Fig. 25 b2.) with the difference that, for example, glue, which is used for the purpose of connecting, fastening, sealing and/or anchoring the shell and/or Intermediate spacer (3, 4) is pressed into at least one formwork (1) through the boreholes, is additionally installed in the borehole, which can thus additionally act as sound and/or impact sound insulation.

Fig. 25 c2.) corresponds to Fig. 25 c1 .) with the difference that a first bore in the formwork (1) is designed as a blind hole and a second bore with a smaller diameter leads concentrically into the first.

Fig. 25 c3.) corresponds to Fig. 25 b2.) with the difference that a first bore in the formwork (1) is designed as a blind hole and a second bore with a smaller diameter leads concentrically into the first.

Fig. 25 d1.) shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a connection, fastening, sealing and/or anchoring of structural components such as shell and/or gap spacers (3, 4) in at least one formwork (1), wherein the shell and/or gap spacer (3, 4) completely penetrates the formwork (1) and is arranged at an angle other than 90° to the surface of the formwork (1). The shell and/or gap spacer (3, 4) is connected, fastened, sealed and/or anchored in the formwork (1) by means of a connection according to Fig. 24 a1 .), b1 .), c1 .), d1 .), e1 .), f1 .) or Fig. 25 a1 .). In addition, the shell and/or intermediate spacer (3, 4) has at least one groove or slot that runs through its entire diameter, starting from at least one end of the shell and/or intermediate spacer (3, 4) up to approximately the middle of the connection, fastening, sealing and/or anchoring point within the formwork (1), which is filled with an elastic filling material (67). This prevents the shell and/or intermediate spacer (3, 4), after the shell building material (13) has been installed in at least one of the at least two shells spaced apart from one another, from bursting the shell building material (13) open due to the swelling effect triggered by any moisture ingress into the shell, because the elastic filling material absorbs the increase in volume of the swelling effect triggered by any moisture ingress. Fig. 25 d2.) corresponds to Fig. 25 d1 .) with the difference that the shell and/or intermediate spacer (3, 4) is provided with at least one longitudinal bore, starting from at least one end of the shell and/or intermediate spacer (3, 4) up to approximately the middle of the connection, fastening, sealing and/or anchoring point within the formwork (1) and is filled with an elastic filling material (67).

Fig. 25 e1.) shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a connection, fastening, sealing and/or anchoring of structural components such as shell and/or intermediate spacers (3, 4) in at least one formwork (1), wherein the shell and/or intermediate spacer (3, 4) completely penetrates the formwork (1) and is arranged at an angle to the surface of the formwork (1) at an angle other than 90°. The shell and/or intermediate spacer (3, 4) is connected, fastened, sealed and/or anchored in the formwork (1) by means of a connection according to Fig. 24 a1 .), b1 .), c1 .), d1 .), e1 .), f1 .) or Fig. 25 a1 .). In addition, the shell and/or intermediate spacer (3, 4) is provided with a material for sound insulation, in particular impact sound insulation (68) at least at one end. This precaution dampens the sound, in particular impact sound, transfer from the shell building material (13) to the shell and/or intermediate spacer (3, 4) or vice versa. Fig. 25 e2.) corresponds to Fig. 25 e1 .) with the difference that the material for sound insulation, in particular impact sound insulation (68) is additionally attached to the front of at least one end of the shell and/or intermediate spacer (3, 4) by means of a concentric bore.

Optionally, the provisions described and illustrated in Fig. 25 d1) and d2.) and in Fig. 25 e1.) and e2.) may be implemented in combination and/or together.

Fig. 25 f1 .) corresponds to Fig. 25 e1.) with the difference that the shell and/or intermediate spacer (3, 4) does not penetrate the formwork (1) and/or the bore in the formwork (1) is designed as a blind hole.

Fig. 25 f2.) corresponds to Fig. 25 e2.) with the difference that the shell and/or gap spacer (3, 4) does not penetrate the formwork (1) and/or the bore in the formwork (1) is designed as a blind hole.

Fig. 26a shows a schematic representation of the border and/or boundary surface, parallel to a wall, floor, ceiling or roof surface, of a component framework (12) in the form of a construction module (50) or a modular building block (52) with mutually sliding and interlocking corner and/or round profiles (45), which has a fourfold rotational symmetry.

Fig. 26b shows a schematic representation of the surface of a component framework (12), parallel to a wall, floor, ceiling or roof surface, which is created by the step-by-step or incremental and additive joining and mutual sealing of several component frameworks (12) in the form of construction modules (50) or modular building blocks (52) in a translationally symmetrical manner. The construction modules (50) or modular building blocks (52) have mutually sliding and interlocking corner and/or round profiles (45) and a four-fold rotational symmetry.

Fig. 27a - c show schematically in the form of simple flow diagrams, as embodiments of the manufacturing method according to the invention, a sequence for producing the component framework (12) of a construction (11), in particular a floor, ceiling and/or roof construction of a building or a structure, in the form of a raw, partial or complete construction module (50), a modular building block (52), a raw, partial or complete construction element (54) and/or a raw, partial or complete component (55).

Fig. 27a shows schematically in the form of a simple flow chart a process for pre-assembling the component framework (12) in the form of a raw, partial or complete construction module (50) or a modular building block (52). The first process step (2701) consists in processing the starting materials of the structural components and/or the sound, vibration and/or thermal insulation materials such as the formwork in a shaping processing step with regard to its border and/or geometric shape. A further method step (2702) consists in processing the starting materials of the structural components and/or the sound, vibration and/or thermal insulation materials such as the shell and/or gap spacers in a shaping processing step with regard to their border and/or geometric shape. A subsequent, further method step (2703) consists in pre-assembling the processed starting materials of the structural components and/or the sound, vibration and/or thermal insulation materials such as the formwork, the shell and/or gap spacers to form a component framework (12) in the form of a raw, partial or complete construction module (50) or a modular building block (52). This method step can also be carried out with the aid of an assembly cage. A subsequent, further method step (2704) consists in assembling further structural components and/or technical components. This completes the process for pre-assembly of the component framework (12) in the form of a raw, partial or complete construction module (50) or a modular component (52).

Fig. 27b shows schematically, in the form of a simple flow chart, a process for pre-assembling the component framework (12) in the form of a raw and/or partial component (54) and/or a component (55). The first method step (2705) consists of the step-by-step or incremental and additive assembly and mutual sealing of the component framework (12) in the form of raw, partial or complete construction modules (50) or modular components (52). A further method step (2706) is then triggered. This consists of reading, comparing, calculating and/or processing the actual value of the current status of the pre-assembly, which is present as input information in the form of a measured variable, with the target value of the status of the pre-assembly, which is present as input information in the form of a stored or calculated value. If the result of the comparison of the actual value with the target value is equal to the value of the raw and/or partial component, the method for pre-assembly of the component frame (12) in the form of a raw and/or partial component (54) and/or a component (55) is terminated. If the result of the comparison of the actual value with the target value is not equal to the value of the raw and/or partial component, the first method step of pre-assembly is carried out again.

Fig. 27c shows schematically, in the form of a simple flow chart, a process for pre-assembling the component framework (12) in the form of a raw, partial or complete component (54) and/or a component (55). The first method step (2707) consists of the pre- and/or final assembly of technical components and/or, if required, further structural components in and/or on the existing component framework (12) in the form of a raw and/or partial component (54) and/or a component (55). A subsequent, further method step (2708) consists of the gradual, partial or complete installation of a shell building material (13) in the formwork provided for this purpose as a shaping formwork/casting mold and, if required, additional and/or independent, temporary formwork/casting molds. A subsequent, further process step (2709) consists in allowing the previously installed shell construction material (13) to harden until it has a sufficiently high strength for further use of the raw, partial or complete construction element (54) and/or the component (55). A subsequent, optional method step (2710) consists in rotating the component (54) and/or the part (55), e.g. around its longitudinal axis, by 180° so that it is ready for the further pre- and/or final assembly steps. This completes the process for the pre- and/or final assembly of the component framework (12) in the form of a raw, partial or complete component (54) and/or a part (55).

Fig. 28a - b show schematically in the form of simple flow diagrams, as embodiments of the manufacturing method according to the invention, a sequence for producing a raw, partial or complete construction of a construction (11), in particular a floor, ceiling and/or roof construction of a building or a structure.

Fig. 28a shows schematically, in the form of a simple flow chart, a process for the pre- and/or final assembly of the component framework (12) in the form of a raw and/or partial construction of the construction (11). The first method step (2801) consists of the step-by-step or incremental and additive assembly and mutual sealing of the component framework (12) in the form of raw, partial or complete components (54) and/or components (55). A further method step (2802) is then triggered. This consists of reading, comparing, calculating and/or processing the actual value of the current status of the pre- and/or final assembly, which is present as input information in the form of a measured variable, with the target value of the status of the pre- and/or final assembly, which is present as input information in the form of a stored or calculated value. If the result of the comparison of the actual value with the target value is equal to the value of the rough and/or partial construction, the process for the pre- and/or final assembly of the component framework (12) in the form of a rough and/or partial construction of the structure (11) is terminated. If the result of the comparison of the actual value with the target value is not equal to the value of the rough and/or partial construction, the first process step of the pre- and/or final assembly is carried out again.

Fig. 28b shows schematically, in the form of a simple flow chart, a process for the pre- and/or final assembly of the component framework (12) in the form of a rough, partial or complete construction (11). The first method step (2803) consists of the pre- and/or final assembly of technical components and/or, if required, further structural components in and/or on the existing component framework (12) in the form of a rough and/or partial construction. A subsequent, further method step (2804) consists of the gradual, partial or complete installation of a shell building material (13) in the formwork provided for this purpose as a shaping formwork/casting mold and, if necessary, additional and/or independent, temporary formwork/casting molds. A subsequent, further method step (2805) consists of allowing the previously installed shell building material (13) to harden until it has developed a sufficiently high level of strength. This completes the process for pre- and/or final assembly of the component framework (12) in the form of a rough, partial or complete construction (11).

Fig. 29 shows schematically in the form of a simple flow chart a sequence for the final assembly of the component framework (12) in the form of a construction (11), in particular a floor, ceiling and/or Roof construction of a building or a structure. The first method step (2901) consists of the pre-, intermediate and/or final assembly of technical components and/or, if required, further structural components in and/or on the existing component framework (12) in the form of a previously pre-assembled raw and/or partial construction of the construction (11). A subsequent, second method step (2902) consists of the step-by-step or incremental and additive assembly and mutual sealing of the component framework (12) in the form of modular building blocks (52) against each other and with the previously pre-assembled raw and/or partial construction of the construction

(11). A further process step (2903) is then triggered. This consists of reading, comparing, calculating and/or processing the actual value of the current status of the pre- and/or final assembly, which is available as input information in the form of a measured variable, with the target value of the status of the pre- and/or final assembly, which is available as input information in the form of a stored or calculated value. If the result of the comparison of the actual value with the target value is not equal to the value of the rough and/or partial construction, the second process step of the final assembly is carried out again. If the result of the comparison of the actual value with the target value is equal to the value of the rough and/or partial construction, a further process step (2904) is triggered. This consists of the gradual, partial or complete installation of a shell building material (13) in the formwork provided for this purpose as a shaping formwork/casting mold and, if necessary, additional and/or independent, temporary formwork/casting molds. A subsequent, further process step (2905) consists in allowing the previously installed shell material (13) to harden until it has developed a sufficiently high strength. A subsequent, further process step (2906) consists in the final assembly of further technical components and/or, if required, further structural components in and/or on the existing component framework (12) in the form of the construction (11). This completes the process for the final assembly of the component framework.

(12) in the form of a construction (11).

List of reference symbols

1 formwork

2 Reinforcement

3 shell spacers

4 spacers

5 Beam or pillar spacers

6 6a, 6b, ... Beam or pillar bar profile

7 Side facing the outside of the building or structure and/or, in particular in the case of interior spaces, the side facing an interior space and/or in general with regard to the cross-section of the structure, the side facing a space outside the structure

8 Side facing the interior of the building or structure and/or, in particular in the case of interior spaces, the side facing the other interior space and/or in general with regard to the cross-section of the structure, the side facing the other space outside the structure Side facing the upper floor and/or, in general, with respect to the cross-section of the structure, the side facing a room outside the structure

Side facing the lower floor and/or generally, with respect to the cross-section of the construction, the side facing the other room outside the construction. Construction, in particular wall, floor, ceiling and/or roof construction of a building or structure, comprising a component framework and, if necessary, at least partially a shell building material.

Component scaffolding, partial, rough or complete component scaffolding

Shell building material

14a, 14b, ... Shell of at least two spaced-apart shells, constructed at least partially or completely using shell construction material and, if required, with at least one formwork that at least partially or completely adjoins the shell construction material on at least one side

15a, 15b, ... Shell of at least two spaced-apart shells, constructed by means of a single formwork

16a, 16b, ... Space limited by at least two spaced apart shells and enclosed between them

Intermediate formwork, made using sound, vibration and/or thermal insulation material, porous, open-pored material, material for absorbing moisture and/or material for absorbing or reflecting thermal radiation beams or pillars

Beam or pillar gap

Building or supply technology elements

Fluid lines

Heating and/or cooling circuit

Miniaturized heating and/or cooling unit

Refrigerant-air heat exchanger

Compressor

4-way valve

Evaporator or condenser

Filter/Dryer

Capillary tube

Fleece

Heat radiation panel

Plate heat exchanger

Measurement and/or control technology elements

Control unit

Sensor and/or input devices

Actuator and/or output means

Electrical line Sealing layer and/or closed-pore layer and/or combination and/or composite of different sealing materials of the formwork materialization. 39a, 39b, ... Shell of at least two shells spaced apart from one another, where, if necessary, at least one of the at least two shells spaced apart from one another is at least partially or completely filled, filled or offset with a shell building material

Connection and sealing point

Fold using rectangular overlapping surface

Fold using an inclined overlapping surface (tongue and groove fold)

Fold with click system

Fold with groove and comb connection

Mutually interlocking corner and/or round profile Sliding stop or sliding limiter Mounting cage

Mounting and/or holder

Clamping and/or holding device

Construction module, raw, partial or complete construction module

Beam or pillar construction module modular building block

Beam or pillar module

Component, raw, partial or complete component Component, raw, partial or complete component PV panel

Circulation pump

Circuit with secondary medium

External fluid supply and/or discharge

External thread

Inner thread

Thread cutting

Drilling cutting edge

Press, drill, thread, thread cutting and/or screw sleeve

Screw-in nut and/or sleeve with an external and/or internal thread Material reaming and/or drilling cutting edge

Elastic filling material

Sound insulation, especially impact sound insulation shell extension

Claims

Patent claims Construction (11), in particular wall, floor, ceiling and/or roof construction of a building comprising at least two shells (14, 14a, 14b) spaced apart from one another and a space (16, 16a, 16b) which is delimited by them and enclosed between them, with the exception of structural and/or technical components, essentially empty or at least partially fillable with sound, vibration and/or thermal insulation material, wherein the construction (11) comprises a component framework (12) which includes at least one formwork (1) which partially or completely forms at least one of the at least two shells spaced apart from one another, wherein at least one formwork defines an outer surface of the component framework, wherein a) the component framework includes a plurality of structural components such as space spacers (4) which are arranged in the space delimited by the at least two shells spaced apart from one another and enclosed between them, are anchored at least in at least one shell adjacent to the space and which form the at least two spaced apart shells limiting shells are structurally and dynamically spaced apart and/or b) wherein at least one of the at least two shells spaced apart from one another contains structural components, such as shell spacers (3), which are anchored at least in at least one formwork (1). Construction according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the at least two shells spaced apart from one another comprises a shell building material (13), wherein the shell building material (13) at least partially or completely fills the shell (14, 14a, 14b) or borders on at least one formwork (1). Construction according to claim 1, wherein the component framework (12) includes at least one formwork (1) which completely forms at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells (15, 15a, 15b) by being designed by means of a single or blind formwork (1) which in particular replaces the shell building material (13) together with at least one formwork (1) which delimits at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells on its side facing one and/or another space outside the construction with respect to the cross-section of the construction. Construction according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the component framework (12) is designed in the form of a component (55), a building element (54) and/or a building module (50) whose size is in the range of several meters and/or is designed as a modular building block (52) whose border and/or boundary surface extends parallel to a wall, floor, ceiling or roof surface within a size scale in the range of one square meter. Construction according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the at least two shells spaced apart from one another and/or the intermediate space delimited by them and enclosed between them comprises fluid lines (21) of at least one heating and/or cooling circuit (22) integrated into the construction and/or at least one circuit with secondary medium (58) for the controlled supply and removal of heat into and from the construction, which comprises a miniaturized heating and/or cooling unit (23) positioned on the side of the shell facing the outside area. Construction according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the at least two shells spaced apart from one another and/or the intermediate space delimited by them and enclosed between them comprises at least one fluid line (21) which is laid out from the side of the shell facing the outside area and has a line geometry adapted to the intermediate space. Construction according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the construction comprises at least one capillary tube (29) which is arranged from the side of the shell facing the interior region across the construction to a suitable point on the side of a suitable one of the at least two spaced-apart shells of the construction facing the exterior region and serves to drain off the condensate water that occurs on the cooling surfaces of the construction in the event of a cooling load. Construction according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one component (55), one structural element (54), one construction module (50) and/or one modular component (52) comprises fluid lines (21) and, if required, at least one miniaturized heating and/or cooling unit (23), which are optionally connected to and sealed with the fluid lines and/or at least one miniaturized heating and/or cooling unit of at least one adjacent component, structural element, construction module and/or modular component and are in fluid contact. Construction according to one of the preceding claims, wherein sensor and/or input means (35) for detecting or entering construction-specific values or input information of a thermally relevant state variable, in particular a measured or estimated outside and/or inside temperature, outside and/or inside surface temperature, temperature at any location within the construction, sunlight intensity, physical size of the thermal radiation in the outside and/or inside area, moisture content and/or physical sizes of the sound and/or vibration propagation, are in operative connection with control means of the miniaturized heating and/or cooling units. Method for controlling, which is designed either centrally or decentrally, the thermal compensation of thermal transmission losses of the reduced thermal insulation of the construction and/or the Thermal radiation in the interior and/or exterior of a building, in particular with a construction (11) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the controlled supply and removal of heat into and from the construction is effected by means of at least one miniaturized heating and/or cooling unit (23). Method according to claim 10, wherein at least one miniaturized heating and/or cooling unit (23) is operated in a controlled manner in response to values recorded or entered, in particular in the exterior and/or interior area, on the exterior and/or interior surface of the construction and/or within the construction, construction-specific values or input information of a thermally relevant state variable, in particular a measured or estimated exterior and/or interior temperature, exterior and/or interior surface temperature, temperature at any location within the construction, sunlight intensity, physical quantity of thermal radiation in the exterior and/or interior area, moisture content and/or physical quantities of sound and/or vibration propagation. Method for producing a raw, partial or complete construction of a structure (11), in particular a structure according to one of claims 1 - 9, wherein the manufacturing method comprises prefabrication steps which comprise the processing of the starting materials and the preparation of the technical components, as well as pre- and/or final assembly steps which comprise the partial or complete, step-by-step or incremental and additive assembly and mutual sealing of the processed starting materials and the prepared technical components to form a component framework (12) in the form of a component (55), a raw, partial or complete construction module (50), and/or a modular building block (52), as well as subsequent pre- and/or final assembly steps which comprise the step-by-step or incremental and additive assembly and mutual sealing of the components (55), the raw, partial or complete construction modules (50) and/or the modular building blocks (52) to form a raw, partial or complete construction of a structure (11). Method according to claim 12, wherein at least one pre- and/or final assembly step for producing a raw, partial or complete construction of a construction (11), a raw, partial or complete construction element (54) and/or a component (55) comprises the partial or complete filling of at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells with a shell building material (13) which is installed in loose, liquid or flowable form in at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells, at least partially or completely delimited by at least one formwork (1) and which solidifies shortly after the gradual, partial or complete installation in at least one formwork (1) as a shaping formwork/casting mold and/or if necessary in an additional and/or independent, temporary formwork/casting mold and thus at least partially or completely forms at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells or at least the partial or complete formation of at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells with a shell building material (13) which is installed in loose, liquid or flowable form in at least one, at least partially or completely pre-assembled, additional and/or independent, temporary formwork/casting mold, which at least partially or completely forms the at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells and then includes the assembly, positioning and fixing of a pre-assembled component frame (12) in the form of a raw, partial or complete component frame with the at least one of the at least two spaced-apart shells, formed by the previously assembled, additional and/or independent, temporary formwork/casting mold, whereupon the shell building material (13) solidifies as a shaping formwork/casting mold after the gradual, partial or complete installation in the previously assembled, additional and/or independent, temporary formwork/casting mold and thus at least partially Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one connection and sealing point (40) between individual, adjacent components (55), raw, partial or complete building elements (54), raw, partial or complete building modules (50), and/or modular building blocks (52), in particular at least sections of their formwork (1), is designed by means of a mutually overlapping fold with a cross-section in a rectangular shape (41) or by means of an inclined overlapping surface (42) and/or by means of a groove and comb connection (44) and optionally, in the case of a design of at least one formwork (1) made of wood, the swelling effect of the formwork material (13) when it comes into contact with at least one formwork (1) is additionally used for sealing the connection and sealing points (40). Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one pre- and/or final assembly step of the partial or complete, step-by-step or incremental and additive joining and mutual sealing of the processed starting materials and the prepared technical components to form a component framework (12) in the form of a component (55), a raw, partial or complete construction module (50) and/or a modular building block (52) is carried out at least partially or completely with the aid of an assembly cage (47) which serves as an assembly template for the shaping assembly step of the pre- and/or final assembly with respect to the border and/or geometric shape of the component framework as a pre-assembled component in the form of the component (55), the raw, partial or complete construction module (50) and/or the modular building block (52). Method for producing a connection, fastening, sealing and/or anchoring of at least one load-bearing structure component, such as. B. Shell and/or spacer spacers (3, 4) in at least one formwork (1) of a raw, partial and/or complete component framework (12) of a construction (11), in particular a construction according to one of claims 1 - 9, wherein at least one shell and/or intermediate spacer (3, 4) completely penetrates the formwork (1) and wherein the manufacturing method comprises pre- and/or final assembly steps which comprise the insertion and fixing of the at least one shell and/or intermediate spacer (3, 4) in the at least one formwork (1), wherein this is preferably carried out as follows: i.) by inserting it into a hole previously made in the formwork (1) and by means of a glue connection or if it and/or the formwork (1) consists of wood or other porous, open-pored materials which change their volume when moisture is introduced and removed, by means of a connection which is formed between the shell and the formwork (1) by means of moisture removal before it is inserted into the formwork (1) and subsequent moisture entry after it is inserted into the formwork (1), ii.) by inserting the shell and/or intermediate spacer, previously provided with an external thread (60), into a hole previously made in the formwork (1) with optionally an additional in the internal thread previously provided therein, screwed in and by means of a threaded connection, iii.) in that this, previously provided with an external thread (60) and at least one thread cutting edge (62), is screwed into a bore previously provided in the formwork (1) with an optional additional internal thread previously provided therein, and by means of a threaded connection, iv.) in that this, previously provided with at least one drilling edge (63), is inserted or screwed into the formwork (1), with an optional bore previously provided therein and with an optional additional internal thread previously provided therein, and by means of a glue connection, or if this and/or the formwork (1) consists of wood or other porous, open-pored materials that change their volume when moisture is introduced and removed, by means of a connection which is formed between the formwork (1) and the formwork (1) by means of a moisture removal before it is introduced into the formwork (1) and subsequent moisture entry after it is introduced into the formwork (1) and/or a threaded connection, v.) in that this, previously provided with a External thread (60) and with a press, drilling, thread-cutting and/or screw sleeve (64) concentrically aligned and pre-assembled with an external thread (60), provided in a previously made hole in the formwork (1) with an optional additional internal thread previously mounted therein, screwed in and by means of a threaded connection, vi.) in that this, previously provided with an external thread (60) and with a press, drilling, thread-cutting and/or screw sleeve (64) concentrically aligned and pre-assembled with an external thread (60) and at least one thread cutting edge (62), provided in a previously made hole in the formwork (1) with an optional additional internal thread previously mounted therein, screwed in and by means of a threaded connection, vii.) in that this, previously provided with an external thread (60) and with a press, drilling, thread-cutting and/or screw sleeve (64) concentrically aligned and pre-assembled with an external thread (60) and at least one drilling edge (63), provided in the formwork (1), optionally with a bore previously made in the formwork and optionally with an additional internal thread previously made in the formwork and screwed in by means of a glue connection, or if this and/or the formwork (1) consists of wood or other porous, open-pored materials that change their volume when moisture is introduced and removed, by means of a connection which is formed between the formwork and the formwork (1) by means of moisture removal before it is introduced into the formwork (1) and subsequent moisture entry after it is introduced into the formwork (1) and/or threaded connection, viii.) in that this, previously with a screw-in nut and/or sleeve with an external and/or internal thread aligned concentrically to it and pre-assembled, provided in a bore previously made in the formwork (1) with optionally an additional internal thread previously made in the formwork, screwed in by means of a threaded connection, ix.) in that this, previously with a screw-in nut and/or sleeve with an external and/or internal thread aligned concentrically to it and pre-assembled, and/or internal thread (65) and at least one thread cutting edge (62), provided in a bore previously made in the formwork (1) with an optional additional internal thread previously made in the same, screwed in and by means of a threaded connection, x.) in that this, previously with a concentrically aligned and pre-assembled screw-in nut and/or sleeve with an external and/or internal thread (65) and at least one cutting edge (63), provided in the formwork (1), with an optional bore previously made in the same and with an optional additional internal thread previously made in the same, screwed in and by means of a glue connection or if this and/or the formwork (1) consists of wood or other porous, open-pored materials that change their volume when moisture is introduced and removed, by means of a connection which is formed between the formwork (1) and the formwork (1) by means of moisture removal before it is introduced into the formwork (1) and subsequent moisture entry after it is introduced into the formwork (1) and/or threaded connection and/or xi.) in that this, with one of the preceding pre- and/or final assembly steps i.) - iv.), is introduced into the formwork (1) beforehand and fixed and is then fastened, sealed and/or anchored by partially or completely screwing in a screw-in nut and/or sleeve with an external and/or internal thread (65) aligned concentrically between the latter and the formwork (1), optionally with at least one additional thread cutting edge (62) and/or at least one material clearing and/or drilling cutting edge (66) previously fitted in the same. Method for producing a connection, fastening, sealing and/or anchoring of at least one structural component such as shell and/or intermediate spacer (3, 4) in at least one of at least two shells (14, 14a, 14b) spaced apart from one another of a raw, partial or complete construction of a construction (11), in particular a construction according to one of claims 1 - 9, wherein at least one shell and/or Intermediate spacer (3, 4) completely penetrates the surface of the at least one shell bordering the intermediate space (16, 16a, 16b) of the at least one shell, and at least extends into it, wherein the at least one shell and/or intermediate spacer is made of wood and/or wood-like materials, wherein a shell construction material (13) in a liquid state is at least partially or completely incorporated into the at least one of the at least two shells spaced apart from one another, which penetrates into the wood pores of the shell and/or intermediate spacer (3, 4) in the area inside the at least one shell and then causes the same to swell, wherein due to the penetration of the shell construction material into the wood pores on an end face of at least one shell and/or intermediate spacer end, the latter swells in the form of a cone, wherein the cone enlarges in the area inside the at least one shell in the direction towards the end of the shell and/or intermediate spacer, and wherein during the subsequent Solidification and hardening of the shell building material, on the one hand by penetration into the wood pores of the shell and/or intermediate spacer and/or on the other hand due to the cone formed thereby at at least one end of the shell and/or intermediate spacer, the connection, fastening, sealing and/or anchoring of the same in at least one of at least two spaced-apart shells (14, 14a, 14b) is brought about.