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WO2020239067A1 - Orc magnetic suspension power generation system using medium-low temperature geothermal excess-pressure gradient - Google Patents

Orc magnetic suspension power generation system using medium-low temperature geothermal excess-pressure gradient Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020239067A1
WO2020239067A1 PCT/CN2020/093224 CN2020093224W WO2020239067A1 WO 2020239067 A1 WO2020239067 A1 WO 2020239067A1 CN 2020093224 W CN2020093224 W CN 2020093224W WO 2020239067 A1 WO2020239067 A1 WO 2020239067A1
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Prior art keywords
condenser
power generation
medium
low temperature
generator
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PCT/CN2020/093224
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
谢和平
马举昌
周韬
廖家禧
李存宝
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深圳大学
江苏赐福科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2020239067A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020239067A1/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/08—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/16—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
    • F03G7/04—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using pressure differences or thermal differences occurring in nature
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/10—Geothermal energy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of geothermal energy power generation, in particular to an ORC magnetic levitation power generation system using a cascade of medium and low temperature geothermal residual pressure.
  • geothermal energy As a safe, clean, and huge resource, has become a hot spot in scientific research.
  • the geographical distribution of geothermal resources in my country is uneven. my country's high-temperature geotropics are mainly distributed in plateau areas such as Georgia and Yunnan; medium and low temperature (temperature below 150 degrees Celsius) geothermal fields are widely distributed in the southeast coast, plain areas, hilly areas and inland sedimentary basins.
  • the high-temperature geothermal development technology is mature, it is not suitable for large-scale development due to its distribution.
  • the medium-to-low temperature geothermal is widely distributed and distributed in most urban areas, which has the potential for large-scale development and supplement of clean energy.
  • high-temperature geothermal power generation technology is relatively mature and has been commercialized. However, the low power generation efficiency (less than 10%) of medium and low temperature geothermal resources restricts the promotion of its power generation utilization.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a cascaded ORC magnetic levitation power generation system using medium and low temperature geothermal waste pressure, aiming to solve the problem of low efficiency of existing medium and low temperature geothermal power generation.
  • the ORC magnetic levitation power generation system using the medium and low temperature geothermal residual pressure cascade including:
  • ORC generator set including evaporator used to evaporate working fluid
  • a condenser used for condensing working fluid a cooling device used for cooling the condenser
  • the generator includes a primary turbine and a secondary turbine; the cooling device is connected to the secondary turbine;
  • the working fluid vapor outlet of the evaporator is connected to the inlet of the generator; the outlet of the generator is connected to the condenser inlet, and the condenser outlet is connected to the liquid working fluid of the evaporator through a working fluid pump Entrance connection.
  • the generator is a magnetic levitation turbine generator.
  • the ORC generator set further includes a working fluid pump arranged between the condenser and the evaporator.
  • the condenser includes a first condenser and a second condenser.
  • the ORC magnetic levitation power generation system for cascade utilization of medium and low temperature geothermal waste pressure further includes a refrigeration device that provides cold energy for the second condenser.
  • the refrigeration device includes:
  • a generator connected to the evaporator, a third condenser, a second condenser and an absorber connected to the generator.
  • a throttle valve is provided between the third condenser and the second condenser.
  • the second condenser is a spray evaporative condenser.
  • the working medium can be an organic working medium such as R245fa, R227ea or R600.
  • the steam turbine part of the magnetic levitation generator of the present invention has two-stage turbines, and the gaseous working fluid is expanded once in the two-stage turbines to perform work.
  • the first-stage turbine drives the generator to generate electricity through the coupling;
  • the coupling drives the impeller to rotate, accelerates the air flow on the surface of the condenser, strengthens the heat exchange capacity of the condenser, reduces the condensation temperature and the condensation pressure, thereby increasing the pressure difference and temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the maglev generator and improving the power generation of the maglev generator Efficiency, which in turn increases the power generation and the utilization efficiency of medium and low temperature geothermal energy.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural block diagram of ORC magnetic levitation power generation by cascade utilization of medium and low temperature geothermal waste pressure provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a system block diagram of ORC magnetic levitation power generation by cascade utilization of medium and low temperature geothermal waste pressure provided by an implementation example of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a system block diagram of another ORC magnetic levitation power generation system provided by the embodiment provided in the present invention for the cascade utilization of medium and low temperature geothermal residual pressure.
  • the ORC magnetic levitation power generation system for cascade utilization of medium and low temperature geothermal waste pressure disclosed in the present invention includes an ORC generator set, including an evaporator 10 for evaporating working fluid; and condensation for condensing working fluid A device 20, a cooling device 30 for cooling the condenser 20; and a generator 40, which includes a primary turbine 401 and a secondary turbine 402 connected to the primary turbine 401; The equipment 30 is connected to the secondary turbine 402; the working fluid vapor outlet of the evaporator 10 is connected to the inlet of the generator 40; the outlet of the generator 40 is connected to the condenser 20, the condenser 20 The working medium pump 50 is connected to the liquid working medium inlet of the evaporator 10.
  • the generator is a magnetic levitation turbine generator.
  • two pipelines are provided in the evaporator 10, one of which is used to pass hot water (such as medium and low temperature geothermal Water), which forms a heat source, and another pipeline is used for the passage of working fluid.
  • the working fluid in the second pipeline absorbs the heat in the first pipeline to form working fluid steam, and the working fluid steam is sent to the magnetic levitation turbine generator 40.
  • the magnetic levitation turbine generator 40 has a two-stage turbine.
  • the gaseous working fluid performs work in the first-stage turbine 401, and the generator is driven by the coupling to generate electricity.
  • the gaseous working fluid after power generation enters the second-stage turbine 402 and expands to perform work.
  • the coupling drives the cooling equipment to move, forcing the surrounding air to accelerate and strengthen Heat exchange of the condenser.
  • the cooling device 30 is an impeller
  • the ORC generator set further includes a working fluid pump 50 arranged between the condenser and the evaporator.
  • the condenser 20 includes a first condenser 201 and a second condenser 202.
  • the first condenser 201 is a pre-cooling device for the exhaust steam of a magnetic levitation turbine generator. Under the action of the cooling device 30, the exhaust steam in the first condenser 201 radiates heat
  • the second condenser 202 is a spray-type evaporative condenser, and the second condenser is provided with a condenser tube 203, passing through the first condenser.
  • the low-temperature gaseous working fluid after cooling in 201 flows through the condenser tube to be condensed, and the liquid flowing in from the third condenser 70 is sprayed onto the condenser tube by the second solution pump 204, and the working fluid passes through the first condenser 201.
  • the cooled working fluid is cooled down again.
  • the steam generated during the cooling process is sent to the absorber 80.
  • the power generation system further includes a refrigeration device that provides cold energy for the second condenser 202.
  • the refrigeration device includes a generator 60 connected to the evaporator 10, a third condenser 70 connected to the generator 60, a throttle valve 701, a second condenser 202, and The absorber 80 to which the generator 60 is connected.
  • the power generation system includes two closed cycles: an organic Rankine cycle and an absorption refrigeration cycle.
  • the second condenser of the organic Rankine cycle is provided with a condenser tube 203 as an evaporator of the absorption refrigeration cycle, thereby connecting the organic Rankine cycle and the absorption refrigeration cycle.
  • Cycle 1 Organic Rankine Cycle: The organic working fluid absorbs the heat in the 90°C medium and low temperature geothermal water in the evaporator 10, and evaporates into a high temperature and high pressure gaseous organic working fluid.
  • the high temperature and high pressure gaseous organic working fluid vapor enters the magnetic levitation turbine steam
  • the turbine generator 40 expands to perform work, in which the gaseous organic working medium performs work in the first-stage turbine 401, and the generator is driven to generate electricity through a coupling.
  • the generated gaseous working medium enters the second-stage turbine 402 to expand and perform work through the coupling
  • the cooling device is driven to force the surrounding air to flow faster, and the heat exchange of the first condenser 201 is enhanced.
  • the working fluid pre-cooled by the first condenser 201 is passed into the second condenser 202, cooled again and condensed into a liquid working fluid, and then returned to the evaporator 10 through the working fluid pump 50 to complete the organic working fluid power generation cycle.
  • Cycle 2 (absorption refrigeration cycle): Taking lithium bromide absorption refrigeration as an example, the lithium bromide solution absorbs the heat in the 70°C geothermal water discharged from the evaporator 10 in the generator 60, and the water in the lithium bromide solution evaporates to make it high
  • the concentration of lithium bromide solution enters the spray absorber 80 through the first solution pump 90; the vapor evaporated from the generator 60 enters the third condenser 70 and is heated by normal temperature water (such as river water) at 25°C to 30°C. It is cooled into liquid water, and then depressurized by the throttle valve 701, enters the second condenser 202, and is sprayed and evaporated by the second solution pump 204 to absorb the organic Rankine cycle.
  • normal temperature water such as river water
  • the heat in the working fluid becomes The water vapor then enters the spray absorber 80 and is absorbed by the lithium bromide concentrated solution. The two are mixed to form a lithium bromide dilute solution.
  • the lithium bromide dilute solution flows back to the generator 60 through the third solution pump 901 to complete the absorption refrigeration cycle.
  • cycle 1 can be all forms of thermal power generation processes with condensers, such as organic Rankine cycle and flash geothermal power generation.
  • the heat source can be geothermal water or industrial waste heat, waste heat, etc.
  • the working fluid can be an organic working fluid or an inorganic working fluid, etc.
  • the expander can be a steam turbine, a screw engine or a magnetic levitation type (the magnetic levitation expander has no friction, high speed, and relatively Compared with other types of expanders, it has higher power generation efficiency), and the condenser can be indirect condensation or direct condensation.
  • Cycle 2 can be any form of waste heat refrigeration cycle, including adsorption refrigeration, absorption refrigeration and so on.
  • the mechanical energy obtained after the secondary turbine recovers the residual pressure can be distributed to multiple components, not necessarily used to drive the impeller or the water pump. In the case of insufficient power of the second-stage turbine, it may also consume part of the first-stage turbine's mechanical energy or electric power to assist the impeller or water pump to strengthen chemical condensation.
  • the present invention provides an ORC magnetic levitation power generation system for cascade utilization of medium and low temperature geothermal waste pressure.
  • the medium and low temperature geothermal ORC magnetic levitation power generation system includes: an ORC generator set, including an evaporator for evaporating working fluid And a condenser for condensing the working fluid, a cooling device for cooling the condenser; and a generator, including a primary turbine and a secondary turbine connected to the primary turbine; the cooling device and The two-stage turbine is connected; the working fluid vapor outlet of the evaporator is connected to the inlet of the generator; the outlet of the generator is connected to the condenser, and the liquid working fluid of the evaporator is connected through a working fluid pump Entrance connection.
  • the steam turbine part of the magnetic levitation generator of the present invention has two-stage turbines, and the gaseous working medium is expanded to perform work respectively in the two-stage turbines.
  • the first-stage turbine drives the generator through a coupling to generate electricity;
  • the second-stage turbine uses a coupling Drive the impeller to rotate, accelerate the air flow on the surface of the condenser, and strengthen the heat exchange capacity of the condenser.
  • the system is equipped with a spray evaporative condenser, which is to use the air condenser and the spray evaporative condenser in series to strengthen the condensation effect again .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

Disclosed is an ORC magnetic suspension power generation system using a medium-low temperature geothermal excess-pressure gradient. The system comprises: an evaporator (10) used for evaporating a working medium; a condenser (20) used for condensing the working medium; a cooling device (30) used for cooling the condenser (20); and a generator (40) comprising a primary turbine (401) and a secondary turbine (402). The cooling device (30) is connected to the secondary turbine (402), a working medium steam outlet of the evaporator (10) is connected to an inlet of the generator (40), an outlet of the generator (40) is connected to the condenser (20), and an outlet of the condenser (20) is connected to a liquid working medium inlet of the evaporator (10).

Description

中低温地热余压梯级利用ORC磁悬浮发电系统Medium and low temperature geothermal residual pressure cascade utilization ORC maglev power generation system 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及地热能发电技术领域，尤其涉及中低温地热余压梯级利用ORC磁悬浮发电系统。The invention relates to the technical field of geothermal energy power generation, in particular to an ORC magnetic levitation power generation system using a cascade of medium and low temperature geothermal residual pressure.
背景技术Background technique
随着化石能源的枯竭，可再生能源方兴未艾，地热能作为一种安全清洁、储量巨大的资源成为了科学研究的热点。总体来看，我国地热资源地理分布不均。我国的高温地热带主要分布在西藏、云南等高原地区；中低温(温度在150摄氏度以下)地热田广泛分布在东南沿海、平原地区、丘陵地区以及内陆沉积盆地。虽然高温地热开发技术成熟，但是受其分布的制约，并不适合大规模开发；而中低温地热分布广，并且在大部分城市地区均有分布，具有大规模开发并补充清洁能源的潜力。目前，高温地热发电技术已经相对成熟，并且进行了商业化开发。然而，中低温地热资源发电效率低下(不足10％)制约着其发电利用的推广。With the depletion of fossil energy, renewable energy is in the ascendant, and geothermal energy, as a safe, clean, and huge resource, has become a hot spot in scientific research. In general, the geographical distribution of geothermal resources in my country is uneven. my country's high-temperature geotropics are mainly distributed in plateau areas such as Tibet and Yunnan; medium and low temperature (temperature below 150 degrees Celsius) geothermal fields are widely distributed in the southeast coast, plain areas, hilly areas and inland sedimentary basins. Although the high-temperature geothermal development technology is mature, it is not suitable for large-scale development due to its distribution. The medium-to-low temperature geothermal is widely distributed and distributed in most urban areas, which has the potential for large-scale development and supplement of clean energy. At present, high-temperature geothermal power generation technology is relatively mature and has been commercialized. However, the low power generation efficiency (less than 10%) of medium and low temperature geothermal resources restricts the promotion of its power generation utilization.
因此，现有技术还有待于改进和发展。Therefore, the existing technology needs to be improved and developed.
发明内容Summary of the invention
鉴于上述现有技术的不足，本发明的目的在于提供中低温地热余压梯级利用ORC磁悬浮发电系统，旨在解决现有利用中低温地热发电效率低下的问题。In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a cascaded ORC magnetic levitation power generation system using medium and low temperature geothermal waste pressure, aiming to solve the problem of low efficiency of existing medium and low temperature geothermal power generation.
本发明为解决上述技术问题所采用的技术方案如下：The technical solutions adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problems are as follows:
中低温地热余压梯级利用ORC磁悬浮发电系统，其中，包括：The ORC magnetic levitation power generation system using the medium and low temperature geothermal residual pressure cascade, including:
ORC发电机组，包括用于蒸发工质的蒸发器；及ORC generator set, including evaporator used to evaporate working fluid; and
用于冷凝工质的冷凝器，用于为所述冷凝器降温的降温设备；及A condenser used for condensing working fluid, a cooling device used for cooling the condenser; and
发电机，包括一级涡轮以及二级涡轮；所述降温设备与所述二级涡轮连接；The generator includes a primary turbine and a secondary turbine; the cooling device is connected to the secondary turbine;
所述蒸发器的工质蒸汽出口与所述发电机的入口连接；所述发电机的出口与所述冷凝器入口连接，所述冷凝器出口经过工质泵与所述蒸发器的液态工质入口连接。The working fluid vapor outlet of the evaporator is connected to the inlet of the generator; the outlet of the generator is connected to the condenser inlet, and the condenser outlet is connected to the liquid working fluid of the evaporator through a working fluid pump Entrance connection.
所述的中低温地热余压梯级利用的ORC磁悬浮发电系统，其中，所述发电机为磁悬浮透平发电机。In the ORC magnetic levitation power generation system for cascade utilization of the medium and low temperature geothermal residual pressure, the generator is a magnetic levitation turbine generator.
所述的中低温地热余压梯级利用的ORC磁悬浮发电系统，其中，所述ORC发电机组还包括设置在所述冷凝器与所述蒸发器之间的工质泵。In the ORC magnetic levitation power generation system for cascade utilization of medium and low temperature geothermal waste pressure, the ORC generator set further includes a working fluid pump arranged between the condenser and the evaporator.
所述的中低温地热余压梯级利用的ORC磁悬浮发电系统，其中，所述降温设备为叶轮。In the ORC magnetic levitation power generation system for cascade utilization of the medium and low temperature geothermal residual pressure, wherein the cooling device is an impeller.
所述的中低温地热余压梯级利用的ORC磁悬浮发电系统，其中，所述冷凝器包括第一冷凝器和第二冷凝器。In the ORC magnetic levitation power generation system for cascade utilization of medium and low temperature geothermal waste pressure, the condenser includes a first condenser and a second condenser.
所述的中低温地热余压梯级利用的ORC磁悬浮发电系统，其中，还包括为所述第二冷凝器提供冷量的制冷装置。The ORC magnetic levitation power generation system for cascade utilization of medium and low temperature geothermal waste pressure further includes a refrigeration device that provides cold energy for the second condenser.
所述的中低温地热余压梯级利用的ORC磁悬浮发电系统，其中，所述制冷装置包括：In the ORC magnetic levitation power generation system for cascade utilization of medium and low temperature geothermal waste pressure, wherein the refrigeration device includes:
与所述蒸发器连接的发生器，与所述发生器连接的第三冷凝器，第二冷凝器和吸收器。A generator connected to the evaporator, a third condenser, a second condenser and an absorber connected to the generator.
所述的中低温地热余压梯级利用的ORC磁悬浮发电系统，其中，所述第三冷凝器与所述第二冷凝器之间设置有节流阀。In the ORC magnetic levitation power generation system for cascade utilization of medium and low temperature geothermal waste pressure, a throttle valve is provided between the third condenser and the second condenser.
所述的中低温地热余压梯级利用的ORC磁悬浮发电系统，其中，所述第二冷凝器为喷淋式蒸发冷凝器。In the ORC magnetic levitation power generation system for cascade utilization of medium and low temperature geothermal waste pressure, the second condenser is a spray evaporative condenser.
所述的中低温地热余压梯级利用的ORC磁悬浮发电系统，其中，所述工质可为R245fa、R227ea或R600等有机工质。In the ORC magnetic levitation power generation system for cascade utilization of the medium and low temperature geothermal waste pressure, the working medium can be an organic working medium such as R245fa, R227ea or R600.
有益效果：本发明中的磁悬浮发电机的汽轮机部分具有两级涡轮，气态工质在两级涡轮中分别进行一次膨胀做功，其中，一级涡轮通过联轴器驱动发电机发电；二级涡轮通过联轴器驱动叶轮旋转，加速冷凝器表面的空气流动，强化冷凝器换热能力，降低冷凝温度和冷凝压力，从而增大磁悬浮发电机进出口两端的压差和温差，提高磁悬浮发电机的发电效率，进而增加发电量以及提高中低温地热能的利用效率。Beneficial effects: The steam turbine part of the magnetic levitation generator of the present invention has two-stage turbines, and the gaseous working fluid is expanded once in the two-stage turbines to perform work. Among them, the first-stage turbine drives the generator to generate electricity through the coupling; The coupling drives the impeller to rotate, accelerates the air flow on the surface of the condenser, strengthens the heat exchange capacity of the condenser, reduces the condensation temperature and the condensation pressure, thereby increasing the pressure difference and temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the maglev generator and improving the power generation of the maglev generator Efficiency, which in turn increases the power generation and the utilization efficiency of medium and low temperature geothermal energy.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1是本发明实施实例提供的中低温地热余压梯级利用的ORC磁悬浮发电的原理结构框图。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural block diagram of ORC magnetic levitation power generation by cascade utilization of medium and low temperature geothermal waste pressure provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
图2是本发明中实施实例提供的中低温地热余压梯级利用的ORC磁悬浮发电的系统框图。Fig. 2 is a system block diagram of ORC magnetic levitation power generation by cascade utilization of medium and low temperature geothermal waste pressure provided by an implementation example of the present invention.
图3是本发明中提供的实施实例提供的另一种中低温地热余压梯级利用的ORC磁悬浮发电的系统框图。Fig. 3 is a system block diagram of another ORC magnetic levitation power generation system provided by the embodiment provided in the present invention for the cascade utilization of medium and low temperature geothermal residual pressure.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚、明确，以下参照附图并举实施例对本发明进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.
如图1-2所示，本发明公开的中低温地热余压梯级利用的ORC磁悬浮发电系统，其包ORC发电机组，包括用于蒸发工质的蒸发器10；及用于冷凝工质的冷凝器20，用于为所述冷凝器20降温的降温设备30；及发电机40，所述发电机40包括一级涡轮401以及与所述一级涡轮401连接的二级涡轮402；所述降温设备30与所述二级涡轮402连接；所述蒸发器10的工质蒸汽出口与所述发电机40的入口连接；所述发电机40的出口连接所述冷凝器20，所述冷凝器20经过工质泵50与所述蒸发器10的液态工质入口连接。所述发电机为磁悬浮透平发电机。As shown in Figures 1-2, the ORC magnetic levitation power generation system for cascade utilization of medium and low temperature geothermal waste pressure disclosed in the present invention includes an ORC generator set, including an evaporator 10 for evaporating working fluid; and condensation for condensing working fluid A device 20, a cooling device 30 for cooling the condenser 20; and a generator 40, which includes a primary turbine 401 and a secondary turbine 402 connected to the primary turbine 401; The equipment 30 is connected to the secondary turbine 402; the working fluid vapor outlet of the evaporator 10 is connected to the inlet of the generator 40; the outlet of the generator 40 is connected to the condenser 20, the condenser 20 The working medium pump 50 is connected to the liquid working medium inlet of the evaporator 10. The generator is a magnetic levitation turbine generator.
具体来说，本发明所提供的中低温地热余压梯级利用的ORC磁悬浮发电系统，其中，所述蒸发器10中设置有两条管路，其中一个用于通热水(如中低温地热水)，即形成热源，另一个管路用于工质通过。第二管路中的工质经过吸收第一管路中的热量，形成工质蒸汽，工质蒸汽送入磁悬浮透平发电机40中，所述磁悬浮透平发电机40具有两级涡轮，其中气态工质在一级涡轮401中做功，通过联轴器驱动发电机发电，发电后的气态工质进入二级涡轮402中膨胀做功通过联轴器驱动降温设备运动，迫使周围空气加速流动，强化冷凝器的换热。Specifically, in the ORC magnetic levitation power generation system for cascade utilization of medium and low temperature geothermal waste pressure provided by the present invention, two pipelines are provided in the evaporator 10, one of which is used to pass hot water (such as medium and low temperature geothermal Water), which forms a heat source, and another pipeline is used for the passage of working fluid. The working fluid in the second pipeline absorbs the heat in the first pipeline to form working fluid steam, and the working fluid steam is sent to the magnetic levitation turbine generator 40. The magnetic levitation turbine generator 40 has a two-stage turbine. The gaseous working fluid performs work in the first-stage turbine 401, and the generator is driven by the coupling to generate electricity. The gaseous working fluid after power generation enters the second-stage turbine 402 and expands to perform work. The coupling drives the cooling equipment to move, forcing the surrounding air to accelerate and strengthen Heat exchange of the condenser.
请参阅图3，在一种或多种实施方式中，所述降温设备30为叶轮，所述ORC发电机组还包括设置在所述凝器与所述蒸发器之间的工质泵50。Please refer to FIG. 3, in one or more embodiments, the cooling device 30 is an impeller, and the ORC generator set further includes a working fluid pump 50 arranged between the condenser and the evaporator.
在一些实施方式中，所述冷凝器20包括第一冷凝器201和第二冷凝器202。在此实施例中，所述第一冷凝器201是磁悬浮透平发电机乏汽的预冷装置，在所述降温设备30的作用下，所述第一冷凝器201内的乏汽将热量散发到外侧强制对流的空气中降温降压，但不发生相变；所述第二冷凝器202是喷淋式蒸发冷凝器，所述第二冷凝器中设置有冷凝管203，经过第一冷凝器201冷却后的低温气态工质流经所述冷凝管而冷凝，通过第二溶液泵204将从第三冷凝器70中流入的液体喷淋到所述冷凝管上，对经过第一冷凝器201冷却后的工质再次进行降温冷却。冷却过程中所生成的蒸汽被送入到吸收器80中。In some embodiments, the condenser 20 includes a first condenser 201 and a second condenser 202. In this embodiment, the first condenser 201 is a pre-cooling device for the exhaust steam of a magnetic levitation turbine generator. Under the action of the cooling device 30, the exhaust steam in the first condenser 201 radiates heat The second condenser 202 is a spray-type evaporative condenser, and the second condenser is provided with a condenser tube 203, passing through the first condenser. The low-temperature gaseous working fluid after cooling in 201 flows through the condenser tube to be condensed, and the liquid flowing in from the third condenser 70 is sprayed onto the condenser tube by the second solution pump 204, and the working fluid passes through the first condenser 201. The cooled working fluid is cooled down again. The steam generated during the cooling process is sent to the absorber 80.
在一些实施方式中，所述发电系统还包括为所述第二冷凝器202提供冷量的制冷装置。In some embodiments, the power generation system further includes a refrigeration device that provides cold energy for the second condenser 202.
具体来说，所述制冷装置包括与所述蒸发器10连接的发生器60，与所述发生器60连接的第三冷凝器70，节流阀701，第二冷凝器202，以及与所述发生器60连接的吸收器80。Specifically, the refrigeration device includes a generator 60 connected to the evaporator 10, a third condenser 70 connected to the generator 60, a throttle valve 701, a second condenser 202, and The absorber 80 to which the generator 60 is connected.
所述发电系统中包括两个封闭循环：有机朗肯循环、吸收式制冷循环。其中有机朗肯循环的第二冷凝器中设置有冷凝管203，作为吸收式制冷循环的蒸发器，由此将有机朗肯循环、吸收式制冷循环联系起来。The power generation system includes two closed cycles: an organic Rankine cycle and an absorption refrigeration cycle. The second condenser of the organic Rankine cycle is provided with a condenser tube 203 as an evaporator of the absorption refrigeration cycle, thereby connecting the organic Rankine cycle and the absorption refrigeration cycle.
循环1(有机朗肯循环)：有机工质在蒸发器10中吸收90℃中低温地热水中的热量，蒸发成为高温高压气态有机工质，高温高压气态有机工质蒸汽进入磁悬浮透平汽轮发电机40中 膨胀做功，其中气态有机工质在所述一级涡轮401中做功，通过联轴器驱动发电机发电，发电后的气态工质进入二级涡轮402中膨胀做功通过联轴器驱动降温设备，迫使周围空气加速流动，强化第一冷凝器201的换热。经第一冷凝器201预冷后的工质通入第二冷凝器202，进行再次冷却并冷凝成液态工质，再经过工质泵50回流至蒸发器10完成有机工质发电循环过程。Cycle 1 (Organic Rankine Cycle): The organic working fluid absorbs the heat in the 90℃ medium and low temperature geothermal water in the evaporator 10, and evaporates into a high temperature and high pressure gaseous organic working fluid. The high temperature and high pressure gaseous organic working fluid vapor enters the magnetic levitation turbine steam The turbine generator 40 expands to perform work, in which the gaseous organic working medium performs work in the first-stage turbine 401, and the generator is driven to generate electricity through a coupling. The generated gaseous working medium enters the second-stage turbine 402 to expand and perform work through the coupling The cooling device is driven to force the surrounding air to flow faster, and the heat exchange of the first condenser 201 is enhanced. The working fluid pre-cooled by the first condenser 201 is passed into the second condenser 202, cooled again and condensed into a liquid working fluid, and then returned to the evaporator 10 through the working fluid pump 50 to complete the organic working fluid power generation cycle.
循环2(吸收式制冷循环)：以溴化锂吸收式制冷为例，溴化锂溶液在发生器60中吸收蒸发器10排出的70℃地热水中的热量，溴化锂溶液中的水分蒸发后使其成为高浓度的溴化锂溶液，经过第一溶液泵90进入喷淋式吸收器80；从发生器60中蒸发后的水蒸气进入第三冷凝器70中被25℃～30℃的常温水(例如江河水)冷却成液态水，然后经过节流阀701降压进入第二冷凝器202，并经过第二溶液泵204喷淋蒸发吸收有机朗肯循环经第一冷凝器201预冷后工质中的热量成为水蒸气，随后水蒸气进入喷淋式吸收器80中被溴化锂浓溶液吸收，二者混合成为溴化锂稀溶液，溴化锂稀溶液经过第三溶液泵901回流到发生器60完成吸收式制冷循环。Cycle 2 (absorption refrigeration cycle): Taking lithium bromide absorption refrigeration as an example, the lithium bromide solution absorbs the heat in the 70°C geothermal water discharged from the evaporator 10 in the generator 60, and the water in the lithium bromide solution evaporates to make it high The concentration of lithium bromide solution enters the spray absorber 80 through the first solution pump 90; the vapor evaporated from the generator 60 enters the third condenser 70 and is heated by normal temperature water (such as river water) at 25°C to 30°C. It is cooled into liquid water, and then depressurized by the throttle valve 701, enters the second condenser 202, and is sprayed and evaporated by the second solution pump 204 to absorb the organic Rankine cycle. After the first condenser 201 is pre-cooled, the heat in the working fluid becomes The water vapor then enters the spray absorber 80 and is absorbed by the lithium bromide concentrated solution. The two are mixed to form a lithium bromide dilute solution. The lithium bromide dilute solution flows back to the generator 60 through the third solution pump 901 to complete the absorption refrigeration cycle.
需要说明的是，循环1可以是一切形式具有冷凝器的热力发电过程，如有机朗肯循环、闪蒸地热发电。热源可以是地热水或工业余热、废热等，工质可以是有机工质或无机工质等，膨胀机可以是汽轮机、螺杆机或者磁悬浮等形式(磁悬浮膨胀机因无摩擦、转速高，相比其他形式膨胀机具有更高的发电效率)，冷凝器可以是间接冷凝或直接冷凝等形式。It should be noted that cycle 1 can be all forms of thermal power generation processes with condensers, such as organic Rankine cycle and flash geothermal power generation. The heat source can be geothermal water or industrial waste heat, waste heat, etc. The working fluid can be an organic working fluid or an inorganic working fluid, etc. The expander can be a steam turbine, a screw engine or a magnetic levitation type (the magnetic levitation expander has no friction, high speed, and relatively Compared with other types of expanders, it has higher power generation efficiency), and the condenser can be indirect condensation or direct condensation.
循环2可以是一切形式的余热制冷循环，包括吸附式制冷、吸收式制冷等。Cycle 2 can be any form of waste heat refrigeration cycle, including adsorption refrigeration, absorption refrigeration and so on.
二级涡轮回收余压后得到的机械能可以分配到多个部件，不一定完全用于驱动叶轮或水泵。在二级涡轮动力不足的情况下，也有可能消耗部分一级涡轮的机械能或电能辅助叶轮或水泵来强化工质冷凝。The mechanical energy obtained after the secondary turbine recovers the residual pressure can be distributed to multiple components, not necessarily used to drive the impeller or the water pump. In the case of insufficient power of the second-stage turbine, it may also consume part of the first-stage turbine's mechanical energy or electric power to assist the impeller or water pump to strengthen chemical condensation.
综上所述，本发明提供了一种中低温地热余压梯级利用的ORC磁悬浮发电系统，所述中低温地热ORC磁悬浮发电系统，其包括：ORC发电机组，包括用于蒸发工质的蒸发器；及用于为工质冷凝的冷凝器，用于为所述冷凝器降温的降温设备；及发电机，包括一级涡轮以及与所述一级涡轮连接的二级涡轮；所述降温设备与所述二级涡轮连接；所述蒸发器的工质蒸汽出口与所述发电机的入口连接；所述发电机的出口连接所述冷凝器，经过工质泵与所述蒸发器的液态工质入口连接。本发明中的磁悬浮发电机的汽轮机部分具有两级涡轮，气态工质在两级涡轮中分别进行一次膨胀做功，其中，一级涡轮通过联轴器驱动发电机发电；二级涡轮通过联轴器驱动叶轮旋转，加速冷凝器表面的空气流动，强化冷凝器换热能力，系统中在搭配一个喷淋式蒸发冷凝器，即将空气冷凝器与喷淋式蒸发冷凝器串联起来使用，再次强 化冷凝效果。进一步降低冷凝温度和冷凝压力，从而增大磁悬浮发电机进出口两端的压差和温差，提高磁悬浮发电机的发电效率，进而增加发电量以及提高中低温地热能的利用效率。In summary, the present invention provides an ORC magnetic levitation power generation system for cascade utilization of medium and low temperature geothermal waste pressure. The medium and low temperature geothermal ORC magnetic levitation power generation system includes: an ORC generator set, including an evaporator for evaporating working fluid And a condenser for condensing the working fluid, a cooling device for cooling the condenser; and a generator, including a primary turbine and a secondary turbine connected to the primary turbine; the cooling device and The two-stage turbine is connected; the working fluid vapor outlet of the evaporator is connected to the inlet of the generator; the outlet of the generator is connected to the condenser, and the liquid working fluid of the evaporator is connected through a working fluid pump Entrance connection. The steam turbine part of the magnetic levitation generator of the present invention has two-stage turbines, and the gaseous working medium is expanded to perform work respectively in the two-stage turbines. Among them, the first-stage turbine drives the generator through a coupling to generate electricity; the second-stage turbine uses a coupling Drive the impeller to rotate, accelerate the air flow on the surface of the condenser, and strengthen the heat exchange capacity of the condenser. The system is equipped with a spray evaporative condenser, which is to use the air condenser and the spray evaporative condenser in series to strengthen the condensation effect again . Further reduce the condensing temperature and condensing pressure, thereby increasing the pressure difference and temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the maglev generator, improving the power generation efficiency of the maglev generator, thereby increasing the power generation and improving the utilization efficiency of medium and low temperature geothermal energy.
应当理解的是，本发明的应用不限于上述的举例，对本领域普通技术人员来说，可以根据上述说明加以改进或变换，所有这些改进和变换都应属于本发明所附权利要求的保护范围。It should be understood that the application of the present invention is not limited to the above examples. For those of ordinary skill in the art, improvements or changes can be made based on the above description, and all these improvements and changes should fall within the protection scope of the appended claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

  1. 中低温地热余压梯级利用ORC磁悬浮发电系统，其特征在于，包括：The ORC magnetic levitation power generation system with medium and low temperature geothermal waste pressure cascade utilization is characterized in that it includes:
    ORC发电机组，包括用于蒸发工质的蒸发器；及ORC generator set, including evaporator used to evaporate working fluid; and
    用于冷凝工质的冷凝器，用于为所述冷凝器降温的降温设备；及A condenser used for condensing working fluid, a cooling device used for cooling the condenser; and
    发电机，包括一级涡轮以及二级涡轮；所述降温设备与所述二级涡轮连接；The generator includes a primary turbine and a secondary turbine; the cooling device is connected to the secondary turbine;
    所述蒸发器的工质蒸汽出口与所述发电机的入口连接；所述发电机的出口与所述冷凝器入口连接，所述冷凝器出口与所述蒸发器的液态工质入口连接。The working fluid vapor outlet of the evaporator is connected with the inlet of the generator; the outlet of the generator is connected with the condenser inlet, and the condenser outlet is connected with the liquid working fluid inlet of the evaporator.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的中低温地热余压梯级利用ORC磁悬浮发电系统，其特征在于，所述发电机为磁悬浮透平发电机。The medium and low temperature geothermal residual pressure cascade utilization ORC magnetic levitation power generation system of claim 1, wherein the generator is a magnetic levitation turbine generator.
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的中低温地热余压梯级利用ORC磁悬浮发电系统，其特征在于，所述ORC发电机组还包括设置在所述凝器与所述蒸发器之间的工质泵。The medium and low temperature geothermal residual pressure cascade utilization ORC magnetic levitation power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the ORC generator set further comprises a working fluid pump arranged between the condenser and the evaporator.
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的中低温地热余压梯级利用ORC磁悬浮发电系统，其特征在于，所述降温设备为叶轮。The medium and low temperature geothermal residual pressure cascade utilization ORC magnetic levitation power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the cooling device is an impeller.
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一所述的中低温地热余压梯级利用ORC磁悬浮发电系统，其特征在于，所述冷凝器包括第一冷凝器和第二冷凝器。The medium and low temperature geothermal residual pressure cascade utilization ORC magnetic levitation power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the condenser includes a first condenser and a second condenser.
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的中低温地热余压梯级利用ORC磁悬浮发电系统，其特征在于，还包括为所述第二冷凝器提供冷量的制冷装置。The medium and low temperature geothermal residual pressure cascade utilization ORC magnetic levitation power generation system according to claim 5, characterized in that it further comprises a refrigeration device that provides cold energy for the second condenser.
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的中低温地热余压梯级利用ORC磁悬浮发电系统，其特征在于，所述制冷装置包括：The medium and low temperature geothermal waste pressure cascade utilization ORC magnetic levitation power generation system according to claim 6, wherein the refrigeration device comprises:
    与所述蒸发器连接的发生器，与所述发生器连接的第三冷凝器，第二冷凝器和吸收器。A generator connected to the evaporator, a third condenser, a second condenser and an absorber connected to the generator.
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的中低温地热余压梯级利用ORC磁悬浮发电系统，其特征在于，所述第三冷凝器与所述第二冷凝器之间设置有节流阀。The medium and low temperature geothermal residual pressure cascade utilization ORC magnetic levitation power generation system according to claim 7, wherein a throttle valve is provided between the third condenser and the second condenser.
  9. 根据权利要求5所述的中低温地热余压梯级利用ORC磁悬浮发电系统，其特征在于，所述第二冷凝器为喷淋式蒸发冷凝器。The medium and low temperature geothermal waste pressure cascade utilization ORC magnetic levitation power generation system of claim 5, wherein the second condenser is a spray evaporative condenser.
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的中低温地热余压梯级利用ORC磁悬浮发电系统，其特征在于，所述工质为R245fa、R227ea和R600中的任一种。The medium and low temperature geothermal waste pressure cascade utilization ORC magnetic levitation power generation system of claim 1, wherein the working fluid is any one of R245fa, R227ea and R600.
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