WO2017115406A1 - 付加加工用ヘッド、加工機械および加工方法 - Google Patents
付加加工用ヘッド、加工機械および加工方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017115406A1 WO2017115406A1 PCT/JP2015/086481 JP2015086481W WO2017115406A1 WO 2017115406 A1 WO2017115406 A1 WO 2017115406A1 JP 2015086481 W JP2015086481 W JP 2015086481W WO 2017115406 A1 WO2017115406 A1 WO 2017115406A1
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- laser beam
- workpiece
- ring
- laser light
- additional processing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/264—Arrangements for irradiation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/264—Arrangements for irradiation
- B29C64/268—Arrangements for irradiation using laser beams; using electron beams [EB]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/073—Shaping the laser spot
- B23K26/0734—Shaping the laser spot into an annular shape
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
- B23K26/144—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor the fluid stream containing particles, e.g. powder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
- B23K26/1462—Nozzles; Features related to nozzles
- B23K26/1464—Supply to, or discharge from, nozzles of media, e.g. gas, powder, wire
- B23K26/1476—Features inside the nozzle for feeding the fluid stream through the nozzle
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
- B23K26/342—Build-up welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
- B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/205—Means for applying layers
- B29C64/209—Heads; Nozzles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a head for additional processing, a processing machine, and a processing method.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a laser processing apparatus intended to perform processing with good processing quality. Yes.
- the laser processing apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 1 generates a laser beam having a ring-shaped cross section from a laser light source that emits a laser beam, a holding base that holds a workpiece, and a laser beam that has emitted the laser light source.
- a control device is provided that changes the output of the laser light source or the width of the annular laser beam in the direction.
- JP 2009-186936 A (patent document 2)
- JP 2008-260035 A (patent document 3)
- JP 2008-134468 A (patent document 4)
- JP 2012-115854 A (patent document 2).
- Document 5 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 62-177107
- Patent Document 6 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 57-102267
- Patent Document 8 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-322183
- the advantages of the directional energy deposition method are as follows.
- A) Compared with the powder bed melting method, the material powder can be deposited at a high speed.
- B) A plurality of material powders can be deposited simultaneously.
- C) The material to be deposited can be covered by supplying a different kind of material powder from the base material.
- D) By moving the additional processing head over a wide area, it is possible to perform additional processing on a large size workpiece.
- E Since the material powder can be partially deposited, it can be used in a process of repairing a mold, a blade, or the like using a directional energy deposition method.
- the disadvantages of the directional energy deposition method are as follows.
- (A) The deposition accuracy of the material powder is inferior to that of the powder bed melting method.
- the utilization efficiency of the material powder depends on the combination of parameters in the process.
- the utilization efficiency of the material powder is low, the following problems occur.
- an object of the present invention is to solve the above-described problems, and to provide an additional processing head, a processing machine, and a processing method capable of improving the utilization efficiency of materials in the directional energy deposition method. is there.
- the additional processing head is an additional processing head that performs additional processing by supplying a material to the workpiece and irradiating the workpiece with a laser beam.
- the additional processing head includes an optical component that forms a laser beam in a ring shape, a laser beam emitting unit that emits the ring-shaped laser beam toward a workpiece, and a ring-shaped laser beam emitted from the laser beam emitting unit.
- a material supply unit disposed inside and having a discharge port for discharging the material, and supplying the material from the discharge port toward the workpiece;
- the discharge port of the material supply unit is disposed inside the ring-shaped laser beam, the position where the material is supplied toward the workpiece is irradiated with the laser beam. It can be placed close to the area on the workpiece surface. Thereby, the utilization efficiency of material can be improved.
- the laser beam emitting section has a condensing lens that collects a ring-shaped laser beam emitted toward the workpiece.
- the condenser lens is formed with a through hole through which the material supply unit is inserted.
- the discharge port of the material supply unit can be arranged inside the ring-shaped laser beam with a simple configuration.
- the additional processing head is disposed on a central axis of a ring-shaped laser beam emitted from the laser beam emitting unit toward the workpiece, and guides the laser beam from the optical component toward the laser beam emitting unit.
- a guide mirror is further provided.
- a through-hole through which the material supply unit is inserted is formed in the guide mirror.
- the discharge port of the material supply unit can be arranged inside the ring-shaped laser beam with a simple configuration.
- the supply of the material from the discharge port toward the workpiece and the emission of the ring-shaped laser beam from the laser beam emitting portion toward the workpiece are coaxial.
- the discharge port of the material supply unit can be arranged closer to the region on the surface of the workpiece irradiated with the laser beam.
- the optical component is configured to form the laser beam in a circular, rectangular or triangular ring shape.
- a material is supplied to the workpiece, and additional processing is performed by irradiating a laser beam in a circular, rectangular or triangular ring shape.
- the processing machine according to the present invention is a processing machine capable of workpiece removal processing and additional processing.
- a processing machine includes the additional processing head described in any of the above, a workpiece holding unit that holds a workpiece, and a tool holding unit that holds a tool for workpiece removal processing.
- the material utilization efficiency can be improved during additional processing by the processing machine.
- the processing method according to the present invention is a processing method for performing additional processing by supplying a material to a workpiece and irradiating a laser beam.
- the processing method includes a step of forming a laser beam irradiation region on the surface of the workpiece by emitting a ring-shaped laser beam toward the workpiece, and a laser beam from the inside of the ring-shaped laser beam emitted toward the workpiece. Supplying a material toward a region on the work surface including a region inside the outer peripheral edge of the irradiation region.
- the material can be supplied toward the workpiece from a position closer to the workpiece surface. Thereby, the utilization efficiency of material can be improved.
- the laser light emitted toward the workpiece has a convergence section that converges as it approaches the focal position and a diffusion section that diffuses as it moves away from the focal position in the traveling direction.
- the laser light irradiation region is formed on the workpiece surface by the laser light at the focal position or the convergence section.
- the material can be supplied toward the workpiece from a position closer to the workpiece surface.
- the laser light emitted toward the workpiece has a convergence section that converges as it approaches the focal position and a diffusion section that diffuses as it moves away from the focal position in the traveling direction.
- the laser light irradiation region is formed on the work surface by the laser light in the diffusion section.
- the material since the material is heated by the laser beam in front of the workpiece surface, the material easily adheres to the workpiece. Thereby, the utilization efficiency of material can further be improved.
- the supply of the material toward the workpiece and the emission of the ring-shaped laser beam toward the workpiece are coaxial.
- the material can be supplied toward the workpiece from a position closer to the workpiece surface.
- FIG. 1 It is a front view which shows the processing machine in embodiment of this invention.
- FIG. 1 it is a perspective view which shows the mode in the process area at the time of an additional process.
- FIG. 1 shows the internal structure of the head for additional processing in FIG. 1 and FIG.
- it is sectional drawing which shows the workpiece
- It is a top view which shows the workpiece
- It is a top view of the workpiece
- It is a perspective view which shows the modification of the material powder supply pipe in FIG.
- FIG. 1 is a front view showing a processing machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the inside of the processing machine is shown by seeing through the cover body that forms the appearance of the processing machine.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a state in the processing area at the time of additional processing in the processing machine in FIG.
- the processing machine 100 is an AM / SM hybrid machining capable of workpiece addition processing (AM (Additive manufacturing) processing) and workpiece removal processing (SM (Subtractive manufacturing) processing).
- AM Additional manufacturing
- SM Subtractive manufacturing
- the processing machine 100 has a turning function using a fixed tool and a milling function using a rotating tool as SM processing functions.
- the processing machine 100 includes a bed 136, a first spindle stock 111, a second spindle stock 116, a tool spindle 121, and a lower tool rest 131.
- the bed 136 is a base member for supporting the first spindle stock 111, the second spindle stock 116, the tool spindle 121, and the lower tool rest 131, and is installed on an installation surface such as a factory.
- the first spindle stock 111, the second spindle stock 116, the tool spindle 121, and the lower tool rest 131 are provided in the machining area 200 defined by the splash guard 210.
- the first spindle stock 111 and the second spindle stock 116 are provided to face each other in the Z-axis direction extending in the horizontal direction.
- the first spindle stock 111 and the second spindle stock 116 have a first spindle 112 and a second spindle 117 for rotating the workpiece during turning using a fixed tool, respectively.
- the first main shaft 112 is provided to be rotatable around a central axis 201 parallel to the Z axis
- the second main shaft 117 is provided to be rotatable about a central axis 202 parallel to the Z axis.
- the first main shaft 112 and the second main shaft 117 are provided with a chuck mechanism for detachably holding the workpiece.
- the second head stock 116 is provided to be movable in the Z-axis direction by various feed mechanisms, guide mechanisms, servo motors, and the like.
- the tool spindle (upper tool post) 121 rotates the rotary tool during milling using the rotary tool.
- the tool spindle 121 is provided to be rotatable around a central axis 203 parallel to the X axis extending in the vertical direction.
- the tool spindle 121 is provided with a clamp mechanism for detachably holding the rotary tool.
- the tool spindle 121 is supported on the bed 136 by a column or the like (not shown).
- the tool spindle 121 extends in the X-axis direction, the horizontal direction, and can be moved in the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction orthogonal to the Z-axis direction by various feed mechanisms, guide mechanisms, servo motors, and the like provided in the column. Is provided.
- the machining position by the rotary tool mounted on the tool spindle 121 moves three-dimensionally.
- the tool spindle 121 is further provided so as to be pivotable about a central axis 204 parallel to the Y axis.
- an automatic tool changer for automatically changing a tool attached to the tool spindle 121 and an exchange attached to the tool spindle 121 are provided around the first spindle stock 111. And a tool magazine for storing a tool for use.
- the lower tool post 131 is equipped with a plurality of fixed tools for turning.
- the lower tool post 131 has a so-called turret shape, and a plurality of fixed tools are attached in a radial manner to perform turning indexing.
- the lower tool post 131 has a turning part 132.
- the turning part 132 is provided so as to be turnable about a central axis 206 parallel to the Z axis.
- a tool holder for holding a fixed tool is attached at a position spaced apart from the central axis 206 in the circumferential direction. As the turning unit 132 turns around the central axis 206, the fixed tool held by the tool holder moves in the circumferential direction, and the fixed tool used for turning is determined.
- the lower tool rest 131 is supported on the bed 136 by a saddle (not shown).
- the lower tool post 131 is provided so as to be movable in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction by various feed mechanisms, guide mechanisms, servo motors, and the like provided in a saddle or the like.
- the processing machine 100 further includes a head 21 for additional processing.
- the additional processing head 21 performs additional processing by supplying a material to the work and irradiating a laser beam (laser beam) (Directed Energy Deposition).
- the additional processing head 21 supplies material powder to the workpiece.
- the material powder for example, stainless steel, Inconel (registered trademark) or titanium alloy can be used.
- the form of the material supplied to the workpiece by the additional processing head 21 is not limited to powder, and may be, for example, a wire or an elongated plate (strip).
- the additional processing head 21 is detachably provided on the tool spindle 121. At the time of additional processing, the additional processing head 21 is mounted on the tool spindle 121. When the tool spindle 121 moves in the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, and the Z-axis direction, the machining position of the additional machining by the additional machining head 21 is three-dimensionally displaced. At the time of removal processing, the additional processing head 21 is separated from the tool spindle 121 and stored in a head stocker (not shown).
- the tool spindle 121 is provided with a clamping mechanism.
- a clamping mechanism is a mechanism that obtains a clamped state by a spring force and obtains an unclamped state by hydraulic pressure.
- the processing machine 100 further includes a powder feeder 70, a laser oscillation device 76, and a cable 24.
- the powder feeder 70 introduces material powder used for additional processing toward the additional processing head 21 in the processing area 200.
- the powder feeder 70 has a powder hopper 72 as a tank part and a mixing part 71.
- the powder hopper 72 forms a sealed space for accommodating material powder used for additional processing.
- the mixing part 71 mixes the material powder accommodated in the powder hopper 72 and the gas for carrier of the material powder.
- the laser oscillation device 76 oscillates a laser beam used for additional processing.
- the cable 24 accommodates an optical fiber for guiding laser light from the laser oscillation device 76 toward the additional processing head 21, piping for guiding material powder from the powder feeder 70 toward the additional processing head 21, and the like. And a pipe member.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an internal structure of the additional processing head in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- the additional processing head 21 includes a laser beam collimating unit 31, a ring-shaped laser beam forming unit 32, as an optical system for emitting laser beams introduced from the outside toward the workpiece, A laser beam guide 33 and a laser beam emitter 34 are included.
- the laser beam collimating section 31, the ring-shaped laser beam forming section 32, the laser beam guiding section 33, and the laser beam emitting section 34 are arranged in the order listed from the upstream side to the downstream side of the optical path of the laser beam in the additional processing head 21.
- Laser light from the cable 24 (see FIGS. 1 and 2) is introduced into the laser light collimating unit 31 through the optical fiber 41.
- the laser beam collimating unit 31 has a collimation lens 42.
- the collimation lens 42 is provided on the central axis 102.
- the laser beam collimating unit 31 converts the laser beam input from the optical fiber 41 by the collimation lens 42 into parallel light and sends it to the ring-shaped laser beam forming unit 32.
- the ring-shaped laser beam forming unit 32 includes an axicon lens 43, an axicon lens 45, and a spherical lens 44.
- the axicon lens 43, the spherical lens 44, and the axicon lens 45 are arranged in the order given from the upstream side to the downstream side of the optical path of the laser beam in the additional processing head 21.
- the axicon lens 43, the spherical lens 44, and the axicon lens 45 are provided on the axis of the central axis 102.
- the axicon lens 43 has one surface 43m made of a conical surface and the other surface 43n made of a flat surface.
- the axicon lens 45 has one surface 45m made of a conical surface and the other surface 45n made of a flat surface.
- the axicon lens 43 and the axicon lens 45 are arranged so that one surface 43m of the axicon lens 43 and one surface 45m of the axicon lens 45 face each other.
- the ring-shaped laser beam forming unit 32 forms the laser beam input from the laser beam collimating unit 31 in a ring shape by the axicon lens 43, the spherical lens 44, and the axicon lens 45.
- the laser beam output from the ring-shaped laser beam forming unit 32 has a ring shape, in other words, a shape that circulates in a band shape around the axis of the central axis 102 when cut by a plane orthogonal to the traveling direction of the laser beam. .
- the ring-shaped laser beam forming unit 32 forms the laser beam input from the laser beam collimating unit 31 into a circular ring shape.
- the ring-shaped laser beam emitted from the ring-shaped laser beam forming unit 32 travels in the axial direction around the central axis 102.
- the laser light guide 33 has a guide mirror 46 and a guide mirror 47.
- the guide mirror 46 and the guide mirror 47 are provided in order from the upstream side of the optical path of the laser beam in the additional processing head 21 to the downstream side.
- the guide mirror 46 is provided on the axis of the central axis 102.
- the guide mirror 46 is provided to be inclined with respect to the central axis 102.
- the guide mirror 47 is provided on the axis of the central axis 101 parallel to the central axis 102.
- the guide mirror 47 is provided to be inclined with respect to the central axis 101.
- the laser beam guiding unit 33 guides the ring-shaped laser beam input from the ring-shaped laser beam forming unit 32 toward the laser beam emitting unit 34 by reflection by the guide mirror 46 and the guide mirror 47.
- the ring-shaped laser beam output from the laser beam guiding portion 33 travels in the axial direction around the central axis 101.
- the laser beam emitting unit 34 includes a condenser lens 51, a condenser lens 54, and a protective lens 56.
- the condensing lens 51, the condensing lens 54, and the protection lens 56 are provided in order from the upstream side to the downstream side of the optical path of the laser beam in the additional processing head 21.
- the condenser lens 51, the condenser lens 54, and the protective lens 56 are provided on the axis of the central axis 101.
- the laser beam emitting unit 34 emits the ring-shaped laser beam input from the laser beam guiding unit 33 toward the workpiece.
- the laser light emitting unit 34 condenses the ring-shaped laser light emitted toward the workpiece by the condenser lens 51 and the condenser lens 54.
- the ring-shaped laser light emitted from the laser light emitting portion 34 travels in the axial direction around the central axis 101.
- the protective lens 56 is provided to protect the lens system built in the additional processing head 21 from the external atmosphere.
- the additional processing head 21 has a material powder supply unit 61 as a mechanism for supplying material powder to the workpiece.
- the material powder supply unit 61 has a pipe shape capable of feeding material powder.
- the material powder supply unit 61 is provided along the axis of the central axis 101.
- the material powder from the cable 24 (see FIGS. 1 and 2) is introduced into the material powder supply unit 61.
- the material powder supply unit 61 has a discharge port 62.
- the discharge port 62 is an opening of the material powder supply unit 61 that discharges the material powder.
- the material powder supply unit 61 supplies material powder from the discharge port 62 toward the workpiece.
- the discharge port 62 is disposed inside the ring-shaped laser beam emitted from the laser beam emitting unit 34.
- the discharge port 62 is disposed on the axis of the central axis 101.
- the supply of the material from the discharge port 62 toward the workpiece and the emission of the ring-shaped laser beam from the laser beam emitting portion 34 toward the workpiece are both on the axis of the central axis 101 and are coaxial.
- the discharge port 62 is arranged on the downstream side of the condenser lens 51 and the condenser lens 54 on the optical path of the laser light in the additional processing head 21.
- the discharge port 62 is provided on the downstream side of the protective lens 56 on the optical path of the laser light in the additional processing head 21.
- the guide mirror 47 has a through hole 48 formed therein.
- the through hole 48 is formed so as to penetrate the guide mirror 47 on the axis of the central axis 101.
- the through-hole 48 has an opening surface that is larger than the cross section of the material powder supply unit 61 when cut by a plane orthogonal to the central axis 101. A material powder supply unit 61 is inserted into the through hole 48.
- a through hole 52, a through hole 55, and a through hole 57 are formed in the condenser lens 51, the condenser lens 54, and the protective lens 56, respectively.
- the through hole 52, the through hole 55, and the through hole 57 are formed so as to penetrate the condenser lens 51, the condenser lens 54, and the protective lens 56 on the axis of the central axis 101, respectively.
- the through hole 52, the through hole 55, and the through hole 57 have an opening surface larger than the cross section of the material powder supply unit 61 when cut by a plane orthogonal to the central axis 101.
- a material powder supply unit 61 is inserted through the through hole 52, the through hole 55, and the through hole 57.
- the additional processing head 21 has a cover body 26.
- the cover body 26 has a housing shape, and forms a space for housing the condenser lens 51, the condenser lens 54, and the protective lens 56.
- An opening 27 is formed in the cover body 26.
- the opening 27 is disposed on the axis of the central axis 101.
- the opening 27 is provided at a position facing the workpiece surface during additional processing.
- the opening 27 allows communication between the space that houses the condenser lens 51, the condenser lens 54, and the protective lens 56 and the external space.
- the ring-shaped laser light is emitted from the laser light emitting portion 34 to the external space through the opening 27.
- the discharge port 62 is preferably provided at a position protruding in the axial direction of the central axis 101 from the opening 27 to the external space side. In this case, the discharge port 62 can be disposed closer to the workpiece.
- the discharge port 62 may be provided at a position overlapping the opening 27 in the axial direction of the central axis 101 or may be provided in the cover body 26. Further, the position of the discharge port 62 is not particularly limited as long as it is inside the ring-shaped laser light emitted from the laser light emitting portion 34, and may be a position shifted from the axis of the central axis 101.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a workpiece surface during additional machining in the machining method according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a plan view showing the workpiece surface in FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a positional relationship between the laser beam emitted toward the workpiece and the workpiece.
- the processing method according to the present embodiment is a processing method in which material powder is supplied to work 400 and laser light is applied to perform additional processing.
- a step of forming a laser beam irradiation region 312 on the surface of the workpiece by emitting the ring-shaped laser beam 311 toward the workpiece, and a laser beam irradiation region from the inside of the ring-shaped laser beam 311 emitted toward the workpiece 400 Supplying a material powder toward a region on the work surface including a region inside the outer peripheral edge 312p of 312.
- a ring-shaped laser beam 311 is emitted from the laser beam emitting unit 34 toward the workpiece 400, whereby the workpiece A laser beam irradiation region 312 is formed on the surface.
- the material powder is supplied toward the region on the workpiece surface including
- the additional machining head 21 While moving the tool spindle 121 on which the additional machining head 21 is mounted and / or rotating the first spindle 112 of the first spindle base 111 that holds the workpiece 400, the additional machining head 21 faces the workpiece 400. Then, the additional processing head 21 and the workpiece 400 are relatively moved. At this time, the material powder is welded to the workpiece surface by simultaneously executing the step of emitting the ring-shaped laser beam 311 toward the workpiece 400 and the step of supplying the material powder toward the workpiece surface.
- a curve 410 in FIG. 4 indicates a normalized laser light density distribution on the workpiece surface.
- the laser light 311 emitted toward the workpiece 400 converges in the traveling direction as it converges toward the focal position 81 and the diffusion area 83 diffuses as it moves away from the focal position 81. And have.
- a laser light irradiation region 312 is formed on the workpiece surface by the laser light 311 in the convergence section 82.
- the laser light irradiation region 312 has a shape that circulates in a belt shape around the axis of the central axis 101.
- the laser light irradiation region 312 has a band shape that circulates in a circle around the central axis 101 corresponding to the shape (circular ring shape) of the laser light emitted from the laser light emitting unit 34 toward the workpiece 400.
- the outer peripheral edge 312 p of the laser light irradiation region 312 has a circular shape with the central axis 101 as the center.
- the supply of the material powder toward the workpiece 400 and the emission of the ring-shaped laser beam toward the workpiece 400 are both on the axis of the central axis 101 and are coaxial.
- the material powder is supplied toward a region centered on the central axis 101 on the workpiece surface and inside the laser light irradiation region 312.
- the position (discharge port 62) where the material powder is discharged toward the workpiece is irradiated with the laser beam. Can be close to the area on the workpiece surface. Thereby, since it becomes difficult to disperse
- the laser light irradiation region 312 is formed on the workpiece surface by the laser light 311 in the convergence section 82.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the laser light irradiation region is formed by the laser light 311 at the focal point 81. May be.
- the laser beam irradiation region has a circular shape.
- the laser light irradiation region may be formed by the laser light 311 in the diffusion section 83.
- the laser beam irradiation region has a band shape that circulates in a circle around the central axis 101.
- the material powder is heated (preheated) by the laser light before and after the focal position 81. For this reason, the material powder is easily welded to the workpiece surface.
- the laser light irradiation region 313 has a band shape that circulates in a rectangle around the central axis 101.
- the ring-shaped laser beam forming unit 32 forms the laser beam into a rectangular ring shape.
- the laser light irradiation region 314 has a band shape that circulates in a triangle around the central axis 101.
- the ring-shaped laser beam forming unit 32 forms the laser beam into a triangular ring shape.
- the shape of the laser light emitted toward the workpiece is not particularly limited as long as it is a ring shape.
- the laser beam can be formed in various ring shapes.
- FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing a modification of the material powder supply pipe in FIG.
- the material powder supply unit 61 includes a plurality of tube members 66, 67, 68 and an outer tube 65.
- the pipe member 66, the pipe member 67 and the pipe member 68 are accommodated in the outer pipe 65.
- Different types of material powders are introduced into the pipe member 66, the pipe member 67 and the pipe member 68. According to such a configuration, a plurality of types of material powders can be mixed and supplied to the workpiece.
- the number of tube members included in the material powder supply unit 61 is not limited to three, and may be two or a plurality of four or more.
- This invention is mainly applied to additional processing by a directional energy deposition method.
- Additional processing head 24 cable, 26 cover body, 27 opening, 31 laser light collimating part, 32 ring-shaped laser light forming part, 33 laser light guiding part, 34 laser light emitting part, 41 optical fiber, 42 collimation lens, 43, 45 axicon lens, 43m, 45m one side, 43n, 45n other side, 44 spherical lens, 46, 47 guide mirror, 48, 52, 55, 57 through hole, 51, 54 condenser lens, 56 protective lens, 61 material powder supply pipe, 62 outlet, 65 outer pipe, 66, 67, 68 pipe member, 70 powder feeder, 71 mixing section, 72 powder hopper, 76 laser oscillation device, 81 focal position, 82 convergence section, 83 diffusion section , 100 processing machines, 101, 102, 20 , 202, 203, 204, 206, central axis, 111, first spindle, 112, first spindle, 116, second spindle, 117, second spindle, 121 tool spindle, 131 tool post,
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Abstract
Description
(a)粉末床溶融法と比較して、材料粉末を高速で堆積することができる。
(b)複数の材料粉末を、同時に堆積することができる。
(c)ベースとなる材料とは異なる種類の材料粉末が供給されることにより、堆積される材料を被覆することができる。
(d)付加加工用ヘッドを広域で移動させることにより、大きいサイズのワークに対して付加加工を行なうことができる。
(e)材料粉末を部分的に堆積させることが可能であるため、指向性エネルギー堆積法を用いて、金型やブレードなどを修復するプロセスに利用することができる。
(a)材料粉末の堆積精度が、粉末床溶融法よりも劣る。
(b)レーザ出力、材料粉末供給量、キャリアガス供給量および送り速度など、プロセスのパラメータの組み合わせが、複雑である。そのことが、これらパラメータの最適化を困難としている。
(a)材料粉末が高価であるため、加工チャンバに積もった材料粉末を集める装置が必要となる。集められなかった材料粉末は、廃棄されることになる。
(b)加工チャンバのメンテナンスが困難になる。材料粉末がガイドのような機構に侵入した場合、加工機械の故障の原因となる。
(c)アルミニウムのような材料粉末は、適切な処理が必要となる。
Claims (11)
- ワークに対して材料を供給するとともにレーザ光を照射することにより、付加加工を行なう付加加工用ヘッドであって、
レーザ光をリング状に形成する光学部品と、
リング状のレーザ光をワークに向けて出射するレーザ光出射部と、
前記レーザ光出射部から出射されるリング状のレーザ光の内側に配置され、材料を排出する排出口を有し、前記排出口からワークに向けて材料を供給する材料供給部とを備える、付加加工用ヘッド。 - 前記レーザ光出射部は、ワークに向けて出射されるリング状のレーザ光を集光させる集光レンズを有し、
前記集光レンズには、前記材料供給部が挿通される貫通孔が形成される、請求項1に記載の付加加工用ヘッド。 - 前記レーザ光出射部からワークに向けて出射されるリング状のレーザ光の中心軸上に配置され、前記光学部品からのレーザ光を前記レーザ光出射部に向けて案内するガイドミラーをさらに備え、
前記ガイドミラーには、前記材料供給部が挿通される貫通孔が形成される、請求項1または2に記載の付加加工用ヘッド。 - 前記排出口からワークに向けた材料の供給と、前記レーザ光出射部からワークに向けたリング状のレーザ光の出射とは、共軸である、請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の付加加工用ヘッド。
- 前記光学部品は、レーザ光を、円形、矩形または三角形のリング形状に形成するように構成される、請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の付加加工用ヘッド。
- 前記材料供給部は、異なる種類の材料を供給するための複数の管部材を有する、請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の付加加工用ヘッド。
- ワークの除去加工および付加加工が可能な加工機械であって、
請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載の付加加工用ヘッドと、
ワークを保持するワーク保持部と、
ワークの除去加工のための工具を保持する工具保持部とを備える、加工機械。 - ワークに対して材料を供給するとともにレーザ光を照射することにより、付加加工を行なう加工方法であって、
ワークに向けてリング状のレーザ光を出射することにより、ワーク表面にレーザ光照射領域を形成する工程と、
ワークに向けて出射されるリング状のレーザ光の内側から、前記レーザ光照射領域の外周縁よりも内側の範囲を含むワーク表面上の領域に向けて材料を供給する工程とを備える、加工方法。 - ワークに向けて出射されるレーザ光は、その進行方向において、焦点位置に近づくに従って収束する収束区間と、焦点位置から遠ざかるに従って拡散する拡散区間とを有し、
前記レーザ光照射領域を形成する工程時、焦点位置または前記収束区間におけるレーザ光によって、ワーク表面に前記レーザ光照射領域を形成する、請求項8に記載の加工方法。 - ワークに向けて出射されるレーザ光は、その進行方向において、焦点位置に近づくに従って収束する収束区間と、焦点位置から遠ざかるに従って拡散する拡散区間とを有し、
前記レーザ光照射領域を形成する工程時、前記拡散区間におけるレーザ光によって、ワーク表面に前記レーザ光照射領域を形成する、請求項8に記載の加工方法。 - ワークに向けた材料の供給と、ワークに向けたリング状のレーザ光の出射とは、共軸である、請求項8から10のいずれか1項に記載の加工方法。
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