WO2016186533A1

WO2016186533A1 - Magnetoelectric generator

Info

Publication number: WO2016186533A1
Application number: PCT/RU2016/000286
Authority: WO
Inventors: Сергей Михайлович ЕСАКОВ; Михаил Сергеевич ЕСАКОВ; Анатолий Юрьевич ВЕЛИКО-ИВАНЕНКО
Original assignee: Сергей Михайлович ЕСАКОВ; Михаил Сергеевич ЕСАКОВ
Priority date: 2015-05-15
Filing date: 2016-05-13
Publication date: 2016-11-24
Also published as: RU2581338C1

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, and specifically to low-speed electric generators, and may be used in wind-energy installations. In a magnetoelectric generator, a rotor is equipped with permanent magnets, and a stator contains two parallel plates having annular windings positioned therebetween. The windings are in the form of isosceles trapezoids, the lateral sides of which are positioned radially relative to the rotational axis of the rotor. The portions of the windings at the base of the trapezoid are curved in an arc. The rotor is comprised of two parallel discs secured to a shaft, each of which discs has annular rows of permanent magnets provided on their mutually facing surfaces, the polarity of which magnets alternates in each row. The poles of the permanent magnets of one row face the opposite poles of the permanent magnets of a different row, and are offset by half the width of the magnets. The annular windings are inserted one into another, forming modules, wherein the distance (l) between the portions of the annular windings at the bases of the trapezoids exceeds the width (b) of an annular row of permanent magnets. Positioned between the annular windings is an additional flat annular winding in the form of an isosceles trapezoid, the lateral sides of which are positioned in the same plane between the lateral sides of the other annular windings.

Description

Magnetoelectric generator

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, namely to low-speed electric generators, and can be used, in particular, in wind energy installations.

State of the art

A low-speed magnetoelectric generator is known, comprising an annular row of stator windings on iron cores made of sheets or pressed iron powder, and a corresponding annular row of permanent rotor magnets, in particular a synchronous machine with constant magnetization for sinusoidal voltage, the windings are concentrated and not distributed in grooves cores with windings alternate with iron cores without windings, so that on every second iron core there is a winding, the number of industrial between the cores terribly different from the number of poles, the number of intervals between the cores and the s number of poles p follows the expressions | sp | = 2-m, and s = 12-nm, where n and t are natural numbers, and the machine is designed for three-phase voltage with a series connection of adjacent coils to obtain m groups of these per phase that can be connected in series or in parallel, RU 2234788 C2, publ. 08/20/2004.

The disadvantage of this generator is the low efficiency (efficiency), since the windings in the annular row are at a considerable distance from each other, and at the time the magnets are in the gap between the windings, the EMF is not induced.

A magnetoelectric generator is also known, the rotor of which is equipped with permanent magnets, and the stator contains two parallel plates in the form of disks connected to each other, between which windings are placed; the stator has magnetic cores in the form of flat rings, RU 2168062 C 1, publ. 05/27/2001.

This technical solution has the same drawback as the analogue described above (RU 2234788 C2): low efficiency for the same reason. In addition, when the permanent rotor magnets pass over the stator winding cores, there is a mutual attraction between the permanent rotor magnets and the stator winding cores (the so-called “sticking” effect of the rotor), which makes it difficult to start the generator and creates intense noise during its operation.

A certain increase in generator efficiency, a decrease in starting torque and noise level during operation is provided by a magnetoelectric generator, the rotor of which is equipped with permanent magnets, and the stator contains two parallel plates, between which there are ring windings made in the form of isosceles trapezoid, the sides of which are located radially relative to the axis of rotation of the rotor, and the sections of the ring windings in the bases of the trapezoid are curved in an arc; the rotor is made of two parallel disks mounted on the shaft, on each of which ring-shaped rows of permanent magnets are placed on surfaces facing each other, the polarity of the permanent magnets of each row is alternated, while the poles of the permanent magnets of one row are facing the opposite poles of the permanent magnets of the other series, ring the windings are inserted into each other in pairs, while the distance C between the sections of the annular windings in the trapezoid bases exceeds the width b of the annular row of permanent magnets, RU 2427067 C 1, publ. 08/20/2011 1.

This generator can be used to power mainly single-phase household equipment, since it generates a two-phase electric current.

A magnetoelectric generator is known, the rotor of which is equipped with permanent magnets, and the stator contains two parallel plates, between which there are ring windings made in the form of isosceles trapezoid, the sides of which are located radially relative to the axis of rotation of the rotor, and the sections of the ring windings in the trapezoid bases are curved in an arc, the rotor is made of two parallel disks mounted on the shaft, on each of which ring-shaped are placed on facing each other rows of permanent magnets, the polarity of the permanent magnets in each row alternates, while the poles of the permanent magnets of one row are facing the opposite poles of the permanent magnets of the other row, the ring windings are inserted into each other with the formation of modules, while the distance C between the sections of the ring windings in the trapezoid bases exceeds the width b of the annular row of permanent magnets, between the ring windings there is an additional flat ring winding in the form of an isosceles trapezoid, the sides of which d arranged in one plane between the sides of the other annular windings, RU 2494520 C2, pub. 09/27/2013.

This generator, adopted as a prototype of the present invention, can be used to power three-phase consumers, and is also connected to central (three-phase) electrical networks, however, it has certain disadvantages. Since the poles of the permanent magnets of one row are facing the opposite poles of the permanent magnets of the other row over their entire width, only attractive forces act between the magnets of both rows, reaching a very large amount: with a disk diameter of 300 mm and a gap between them of 12 mm, the forces of their mutual attraction reach hundreds of kilograms.

This greatly complicates the assembly of the generator, which requires special equipment that provides smooth and geometrically accurate (without distortions) reduction of the disks to the design position and their subsequent fastening. In addition, the above forces tend to bend the disks relative to the shaft and give them an "umbrella" shape (Fig.7 of this application).

To prevent such deformation of the disks, it is necessary to significantly increase the thickness of the disks, which, accordingly, increases the weight and metal consumption of the generator.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to reduce the forces of mutual attraction of the disks, which simplifies the assembly of the generator and also reduces the thickness of the disks and, accordingly, the weight and metal consumption of the generator. It should be noted that when using the generator in wind power plants, its weight is of great importance, since the generator is installed on a mast 12-15 m high.

According to the invention, in a magnetoelectric generator, the rotor of which is equipped with permanent magnets, and the stator contains two parallel plates, between which there are ring windings made in the form of isosceles trapezoidal, the sides of which are located radially relative to the axis of rotation of the rotor, and the sections of the ring windings in the trapezoid bases are curved along arc, the rotor is made of two parallel disks fixed on the shaft, on each of which on the surfaces facing each other there are ring-shaped rows s of permanent magnets, the polarity of the permanent magnets in each row alternates, with the poles the permanent magnets of one row face the opposite poles of the permanent magnets of the other row, the ring windings are inserted into each other with the formation of modules, while the distance f between the sections of the ring windings in the trapezoid bases exceeds the width b of the ring-shaped series of permanent magnets, between the ring windings there is an additional flat ring winding in the form of an isosceles trapezoid, the sides of which are located in the same plane between the sides of the other ring windings, the poles are constantly magnets of one row are offset relative to the poles of the permanent magnets of the other row by half the width of the magnets.

The applicant has not identified any technical solutions identical to the claimed one, which allows us to conclude that the invention meets the condition of patentability “Novelty” (“N”).

Thanks to the implementation of the distinguishing features of the invention, a new technical result is achieved: the permanent magnets of both ring-shaped rows are not only attracted, but also repelled from each other. As a result, the mutual attraction of the disks practically does not occur. The repulsive forces Fj and the attractive forces F ₂ (Fig. 6) act on the disks on a very small shoulder and therefore cannot cause deformation of the disks. In addition, the assembly of the generator is simplified, a smooth and accurate reduction of the disks to the design position and their subsequent fastening is ensured. The applicant has not identified sources of information that would contain information about the influence of the distinguishing features of the invention on the achieved technical result.

These circumstances allow us to conclude that the claimed technical solution meets the patentability condition “Inventive step” (“IS”).

Brief description of the drawings In the following, the invention is illustrated by a detailed description of examples of its implementation with reference to the drawings, in which:

figure 1 is a side view;

figure 2 is a section aa in figure 1;

in Fig.3 - adjacent annular windings, paired with each other (module), in a perspective view;

figure 4 - adjacent ring windings (module), a view in plan; figure 5 is a section bb in figure 4;

6 is a diagram illustrating the forces acting on the permanent magnets of the ring-shaped rows;

7 is a diagram illustrating the forces acting on the permanent magnets of the ring-shaped rows in the prototype device. The best embodiment of the invention

The rotor of the magnetoelectric generator is made of two parallel disks 1 and 2, mounted on the shaft 10. In a specific example, the disks 1 and 2 are made of electrical steel. On the surfaces of the disks 1 and 2 facing each other, annular rows of permanent magnets 3 and 4 are placed, respectively. In each annular row, the magnets are paired with each other with a gap of 0.1-1.2 mm. Permanent magnets 3 and 4 are trapezoidal and adjacent to each other by adjacent side faces. The gaps (gaps) between the magnets are filled with an epoxy compound. The polarity of the permanent magnets 3 and 4 in each row alternates, the poles of the permanent magnets 3 and 4 of one row are facing the opposite poles of the permanent magnets 3 and 4 of the other row, while the poles of the permanent magnets of one row are shifted relative to the poles of the permanent magnets of the other row by half the width of the magnets.

The stator of the electric generator contains two parallel plates 5 and 6, between which there are ring windings 7, which are made in the form of isosceles trapezoid. The lateral sides 8, 9 of the windings 7 are located radially relative to the longitudinal axis of rotation of the rotor, sections 1 1, 12 of the windings 7 at the base of the trapezoid are curved in an arc. The annular windings 7 are inserted into each other, while between them is an additional flat annular winding 13 in the form of an isosceles trapezoid so that the sides 14 of the additional flat annular winding 13 are located in the same plane with the sides 8, 9 of the windings 7. The distance C between the sections 1 1, 12 of the windings 7 exceeds the width b of the annular row of permanent magnets 3 and 4. The upstream windings 7 are mounted on the plate 5, and the downstream windings 7 on the plate 6 The windings 7 and 13 are filled with an epoxy compound, rigidly connecting them together into a single module.

Magnetoelectric generator operates as follows. When the rotor rotates with the shaft 10, the magnetic field lines of the permanent magnets 3, 4 intersect the turns of the ring windings 7 and 13 and induce an EMF in the windings 7 and 13. Since the sides 8, 9 of the ring windings 7 and the sides 14 of the windings 13 are located between the poles of the magnets 3 and 4 with different polarity, induction of multidirectional EMF occurs in the sides 8, 9 of the windings 7 and the sides 14 of the windings 13 (shown by arrows in FIG. four). Thus, in each winding 7 and winding 13, an annular electric current flows. The windings 7, mounted on the plate 5, are electrically interconnected; windings 7 mounted on the plate 6, as well as windings 13, are similarly interconnected.

Since the poles of the permanent magnets 3 of one row are offset relative to the permanent magnets 4 of the other row by half the width of the magnets (Fig. 5,6), the magnets of both rows are not only attracted to each other (as is the case in the prototype, Fig. 7), but also repel each other to the same extent. As a result of this, the mutual attraction and deformation of disks 1 and 2 practically does not occur. Force F] repulsion and forces _of attraction F ₂ act on a very small shoulder and cannot cause any deformation. In addition, the assembly of the generator is simplified, and its quality is improved.

The generator can also operate as an electric motor.

Industrial applicability

For the manufacture of the device used conventional structural materials and factory equipment. This circumstance, according to the applicant, allows us to conclude that this invention meets the criterion of "Industrial Applicability" ("IA").

Claims

Claim

A magnetoelectric generator, the rotor of which is equipped with permanent magnets, and the stator contains two parallel plates, between which there are ring windings made in the form of isosceles trapezoid, the sides of which are located radially relative to the axis of rotation of the rotor, and the sections of the ring windings in the trapezoid bases are curved in an arc, the rotor made of two parallel disks fixed on the shaft, on each of which on the surfaces facing each other there are ring-shaped rows of permanent magnets, p The polarity of the permanent magnets in each row alternates, with the poles of the permanent magnets of one row facing the opposite poles of the permanent magnets of the other row, the ring windings inserted into each other with the formation of modules, while the distance f between the sections of the ring windings in the trapezoid bases exceeds the width b of the ring-shaped row permanent magnets, between the ring windings there is an additional flat ring winding in the form of an isosceles trapezoid, the sides of which are located in the same plane STI between the sides of the other annular windings of m l and h and w u and d with i t e m, which poles of the permanent magnets in one row are offset relative to the poles of the permanent magnets in the other row by half the width of the magnets.