WO2016093017A1 - ろう付方法 - Google Patents
ろう付方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016093017A1 WO2016093017A1 PCT/JP2015/082035 JP2015082035W WO2016093017A1 WO 2016093017 A1 WO2016093017 A1 WO 2016093017A1 JP 2015082035 W JP2015082035 W JP 2015082035W WO 2016093017 A1 WO2016093017 A1 WO 2016093017A1
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- brazing
- flux
- material layer
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- workpiece
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/28—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 950 degrees C
- B23K35/286—Al as the principal constituent
- B23K35/288—Al as the principal constituent with Sn or Zn
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/0008—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering specially adapted for particular articles or work
- B23K1/0012—Brazing heat exchangers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/19—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering taking account of the properties of the materials to be soldered
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/20—Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/20—Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
- B23K1/203—Fluxing, i.e. applying flux onto surfaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/20—Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
- B23K1/206—Cleaning
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K31/02—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to soldering or welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
- B23K35/0233—Sheets, foils
- B23K35/0238—Sheets, foils layered
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/28—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 950 degrees C
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/28—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 950 degrees C
- B23K35/286—Al as the principal constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/02—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
- F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
- F28F21/084—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from aluminium or aluminium alloys
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
- F28F3/025—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
- B23K2101/14—Heat exchangers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
- F28F2275/04—Fastening; Joining by brazing
- F28F2275/045—Fastening; Joining by brazing with particular processing steps, e.g. by allowing displacement of parts during brazing or by using a reservoir for storing brazing material
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for brazing an aluminum material.
- Aluminum materials are widely used in heat exchangers and the like because they have various advantages such as high thermal conductivity and light weight.
- a heat exchanger mounted on an automobile has members such as a tank, a tube, and a fin made of pure aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and these members are joined by brazing.
- a brazing sheet in which at least one plate surface of an aluminum alloy plate is clad with a brazing material is often used. Since a brazing sheet can braze many members at once, shortening and simplification of the brazing work process can be easily performed.
- the vacuum brazing method is a technique in which a brazing material made of an Al-Si-Mg (aluminum-silicon-magnesium) alloy is used, and the workpiece is heated and brazed while the heating chamber of the brazing furnace is decompressed. is there.
- a brazing material made of an Al-Si-Mg (aluminum-silicon-magnesium) alloy is used, and the workpiece is heated and brazed while the heating chamber of the brazing furnace is decompressed. is there.
- the vacuum brazing method since the oxide film existing on the surface of the aluminum material is destroyed by Mg during brazing, brazing joint can be formed without using a flux.
- the vacuum brazing method requires the use of a vacuum brazing furnace configured so that the pressure in the brazing chamber can be reduced. Since the vacuum brazing furnace is more expensive than a general brazing furnace, there is a problem that it is difficult to reduce the manufacturing cost when brazing is performed by the vacuum brazing method.
- the Nocolok brazing method uses a brazing material made of an Al-Si alloy, applies a fluoride-type flux on the brazing material, and then brazes the workpiece by heating in an inert gas atmosphere. It is.
- brazing can be performed using a general brazing furnace.
- the Nocolok brazing method when the amount of flux applied is insufficient, the oxide film is not sufficiently broken by the flux, leading to a reduction in brazing properties, and in some cases, there is a risk of poor brazing. Moreover, brazing cannot be performed when the flux is not applied.
- Defective brazing due to lack of flux or unapplied flux is likely to occur when flux is applied after assembling of the workpiece in brazing of the workpiece having a hollow portion such as a heat exchanger tube. Therefore, conventionally, the flux is insufficiently applied to the entire surface of the aluminum material constituting the object to be treated to prevent the flux from being insufficient or not applied, and the work process of brazing becomes complicated. is there.
- Patent Document 1 includes a brazing material made of an Al—Si-based alloy, and brazing sheet containing Mg added to at least the brazing sheet constituting layer other than the brazing material, and brazing in an inert gas atmosphere.
- a way to do it has been proposed. According to this method, brazing can be performed without applying a flux inside the hollow structure by forming the hollow structure with the brazing material clad surface of the brazing sheet facing inward.
- the method of brazing in an inert gas atmosphere without using flux has a problem that the brazing property easily deteriorates when the oxygen concentration in the atmosphere increases. Therefore, when trying to apply to mass production equipment, depending on the shape and structure of the object to be processed and the position where the brazed joint is formed, the quality of the brazed joint may be deteriorated.
- the hollow structure has a structure in which the wax can flow between the inside of the hollow portion and the outside, the wax is likely to collect in the hollow portion having excellent brazing properties. Therefore, there is a risk that brazing is insufficient on the outside side, which is inferior in brazing, and brazing failure such as fillet breakage may occur.
- a method of applying a flux to the outside of the hollow structure to improve the brazing property on the outside can be considered.
- the fluoride-based flux is consumed by reacting with Mg contained in the wax, and there is a problem that the effect of destroying the oxide film is lowered. Therefore, when the application amount of the flux is not sufficient, the brazing property on the outer side of the hollow structure may not be sufficiently improved.
- the amount of flux applied is increased in order to improve the brazing property on the outer side of the hollow structure, the flux melts and spreads inside the hollow structure through the brazing during brazing, and the inside of the hollow structure There is a risk of worsening the brazeability.
- the present invention has been made in view of such a background, and can be easily applied to mass production facilities, can easily simplify the work process, and can stabilize the quality of brazing joint. Is to provide.
- an object to be processed which is made of an aluminum material and has a hollow portion
- the inner bonded portion facing the hollow portion and the outer bonded portion facing the outer space are brazed together.
- a method of attaching, Mg core content is controlled to be less than 0.2% (mass%, the same shall apply hereinafter), the remainder having a chemical component consisting of Al and inevitable impurities, Si: 4.0-13.0%, Bi: Essentially containing 0.01 to 0.3%, further including one or two of Li: 0.004 to 0.08% and Be: 0.006 to 0.12%, and the content of Mg is Preparing the object to be treated including a brazing sheet that is controlled to be less than 0.1%, the balance having a chemical component composed of Al and inevitable impurities, and having a brazing material layer clad on at least one surface of the core material layer And Assembling the object to be processed so that the brazing filler metal layer is present in both the inner and outer bonded parts, Next, a flux is applied to the bra
- the object to be processed has the inner bonded portion facing the hollow portion and the outer bonded portion facing the external space. Since the inner bonded portion faces the hollow portion where the atmosphere of the external space is difficult to flow in, the state where the oxygen concentration in the atmosphere is low can be easily maintained. Therefore, it is easy to braze the inner bonded portion without using a flux. On the other hand, since the oxygen concentration in the atmosphere tends to fluctuate in the outer joint portion facing the outer space, it is necessary to use a flux for brazing. Thus, the to-be-processed object has two types of bonded parts with different suitable brazing methods.
- the brazing sheet used for brazing the object to be processed has the core material layer and the brazing material layer in which the Mg content is regulated to be less than the specific amount. Therefore, the brazing sheet can suppress the consumption of the flux due to the reaction with Mg, and the brazing property of the outer bonded portion can be improved by the flux. For this reason, the brazing method described above provides good brazing at the outer welded portion where the oxygen concentration in the atmosphere tends to fluctuate by applying the flux only to the brazing material layer present at the outer welded portion. A bond can be formed.
- the brazing filler metal layer contains at least one of Li (lithium) or Be (beryllium) and Bi (bismuth).
- Li and Be have the effect
- Bi has an action of promoting the destruction of the oxide film by Li and Be. Therefore, the brazing sheet can form a good brazed joint without using the flux in the inner joint portion that can stably maintain a low oxygen concentration.
- the brazing method forms a good brazed joint at the same time on both the outer and inner joined parts having different conditions for forming a good brazed joint. And the quality of the brazed joint can be stabilized. Moreover, since the said brazing method can braze the said outer to-be-joined part which an oxygen concentration is easy to change using the said flux, it is not necessary to manage oxygen concentration strictly. Therefore, the brazing method can be easily applied to mass production facilities. Furthermore, since the brazing method does not require the flux to be applied to the inner joint portion, it is not necessary to apply the flux in advance before assembling the workpiece. Therefore, the brazing method can easily simplify the brazing operation process.
- Example 1 The perspective view of the to-be-processed object in Example 1 before brazing.
- Example 1 (a) a partially enlarged cross-sectional view before brazing, and (b) a partially enlarged cross-sectional view in a state where brazing has been completed, in the vicinity of a bonded portion.
- Sectional drawing which consists of one brazing sheet in Example 3, and has completed the brazing of the to-be-processed object which has two hollow parts.
- the perspective view of the state which consists of one brazing sheet in Example 3, and the brazing of the to-be-processed object which has one hollow part was completed.
- the top view of the to-be-processed object in Example 4 which has a header, a fin, and a tube.
- the workpiece includes at least the brazing sheet itself. That is, the said to-be-processed object may be comprised only from the brazing sheet, and may contain the other member brazed with a brazing sheet.
- the material of the other members should be appropriately selected from pure aluminum and aluminum alloys according to the required mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and workability. Can do. From the viewpoint of suppressing the deterioration of the brazing property due to Mg, the other member preferably has a Mg content of 0.2% or less.
- the object to be processed has either a case where the brazing cannot flow between the outer bonded portion and the inner bonded portion, and a case where the brazing method has a structure where the brazing can flow.
- good brazing joints can be collectively formed on both the outer and inner joint parts. That is, as described above, the brazing method can improve the brazing property of the outer joint portion by using the flux. Therefore, in the brazing of the workpiece having a structure in which the brazing cannot flow between the outer and inner joined parts, the brazing of each of the outer and inner joined parts is better. A bond can be formed.
- brazing property of the outer bonded portion can be improved by the flux.
- the above brazing method can suppress the consumption of flux due to Mg as described above, it is possible to reduce the amount of flux applied to the outer bonded portion as compared with the conventional case. Further, as will be described later, Li hardly reacts with the flux during brazing, and Be does not react with the flux at all. Therefore, in the brazing method of the object to be processed having the above structure, when the flux applied to the outer bonded portion oozes out to the inner bonded portion for some reason, the inner bonded portion is used. It is possible to avoid the deterioration of brazing.
- the brazing method can form a good brazed joint even in a workpiece having a structure in which the brazing can flow between the outer joined portion and the inner joined portion.
- the inert gas In the above brazing method, conventionally known gases can be used as the inert gas. From the viewpoint of application to mass production facilities, it is preferable to use nitrogen, argon, or a mixed gas of nitrogen and argon. In order to improve brazing, it is preferable that the oxygen concentration in the inert gas is low. Specifically, the oxygen concentration in the inert gas is preferably 100 ppm or less, and more preferably 50 ppm or less. By reducing the oxygen concentration in the inert gas, the effect of reducing the amount of flux applied can be obtained. Such an oxygen concentration can be easily realized by a conventionally used atmosphere furnace for flux brazing.
- the heating temperature in brazing is preferably 585 to 620 ° C, more preferably 590 to 610 ° C.
- the heating temperature is less than 585 ° C.
- the brazing fluidity is lowered, and thus the brazing property may be deteriorated.
- the heating temperature exceeds 620 ° C.
- erosion in which the core material layer of the brazing sheet or a part of the brazing counterpart material melts may result in a failure.
- the temperature increase rate until reaching a predetermined heating temperature is high.
- the above brazing method can be suitably used for manufacturing a heat exchanger, for example.
- the heat exchanger is composed of a large number of parts such as fins, tubes, and headers.
- the heat exchanger has a large number of hollow portions inside the tube or between the fins and the tubes. Therefore, conventionally, the flux is applied to these parts and then assembled into a predetermined shape, which causes a problem that workability is very poor.
- the brazing method described above is good at once for both the outer bonded portion and the inner bonded portion by applying a flux to the outer bonded portion after assembling the fins and the like into a predetermined shape. A brazed joint can be formed. Therefore, it is not necessary to apply flux to the parts in advance, and workability can be improved.
- the brazing sheet used for the brazing method has a core material layer and a brazing material layer clad on at least one surface of the core material layer.
- a brazing material layer clad on at least one surface of the core material layer.
- the brazing filler metal layer essentially contains Si: 4.0-13.0%, Bi: 0.01-0.3%, and Li: 0.004-0.08% and Be: 0.006-0. .1% or 2 out of 12%, Mg content is regulated to less than 0.1%, and the balance has chemical components composed of Al and inevitable impurities.
- ⁇ Si: 4.0 to 13.0% By setting the Si content to 4.0 to 13.0%, a sufficient amount of brazing can be supplied to the bonded portion. If the Si content is less than 4.0%, problems such as insufficient brazing supply and reduced brazing fluidity may occur, which may deteriorate brazing. On the other hand, when the Si content exceeds 13.0%, the supply amount of the wax becomes excessive, and the core material layer may be excessively dissolved. In this case, the melting temperature of the brazing material layer may become excessively high. As a result, the brazability may be deteriorated.
- Bi has an action of weakening an oxide film present on the surface of the aluminum material. Therefore, when Bi coexists with Li or Be, it is possible to promote the breakage of the oxide film by Li and Be and improve the brazing property. Moreover, since Bi has the effect
- the Bi content is preferably 0.01 to 0.03%.
- the Bi content is less than 0.01%, the above-described effects are insufficient, and the brazing property of the inner bonded portion may be deteriorated.
- the Bi content exceeds 0.3%, it is difficult to obtain the effect of improving the brazing property commensurate with the Bi content.
- there is much Bi content there exists a possibility that the surface of a brazing material layer may discolor, and there exists a possibility that a brazing property may be deteriorated depending on the case.
- Li 0.004 to 0.08%, Be: 0.006 to 0.12% Any one of Li and Be may be included in the brazing material layer, or both of them may be included. Both Li and Be have the action of breaking the oxide film present on the surface of the aluminum material and improving brazing. Further, Li hardly reacts with the flux, and Be does not react with the flux at all. Therefore, the wax containing Li and Be hardly inhibits the action of the flux.
- Li and Be destroy the oxide film has not been clarified at present, but it is assumed that the oxide film is destroyed by the following mechanism. Since Li and Be are both elements that are more easily oxidized than Al, it is considered that oxygen can be taken from the oxide film present on the surface of the object to be processed. Then, since the oxide film deprived of oxygen becomes weaker than before the oxygen deprivation, it is considered that the oxide film is cracked and destroyed.
- Be takes oxygen from the oxide film on the surface of the aluminum material and becomes an oxide.
- the oxide of Be is considered to have a function of covering the surface of the brazing during brazing and preventing the oxidation of the brazing.
- the Li content is 0.004 to 0.08%, the above-described effects can be sufficiently obtained, and the brazing property of the inner bonded portion can be improved.
- the Li content is preferably 0.006 to 0.04%.
- the content of Li is less than 0.004%, the effect of destroying the oxide film becomes insufficient, and the brazing property of the inner bonded portion may be deteriorated.
- the Li content exceeds 0.08%, Li oxide grows on the surface of the brazing material layer in the brazing sheet, and the brazing property may be deteriorated.
- the content of Be is 0.006 to 0.12%, the above-described effects can be sufficiently obtained, and the brazing property of the inner bonded portion can be improved.
- the content of Be is preferably 0.008 to 0.04%.
- the content of Be is less than 0.006%, the effect of destroying the oxide film is insufficient, and the brazing property of the inner bonded portion may be deteriorated.
- the content of Be exceeds 0.12%, Be oxide grows on the surface of the brazing material layer in the brazing sheet, which may lead to deterioration of brazing properties.
- Mg less than 0.1% Mg consumes flux by reacting with the flux, and deteriorates the brazing property of the outer bonded portion. Moreover, the reaction product of Mg and the flux decreases the fluidity of the wax and deteriorates the brazing property. From the viewpoint of suppressing these problems, it is necessary to regulate the Mg content in the brazing filler metal layer to less than 0.1%. From the same point of view, the smaller the Mg content, the better, and it is more preferable to regulate it to 0.05% or less.
- the brazing filler metal layer is composed of Sr (strontium): 0.002 to 0.05%, Sb (antimony): 0.003 to 0.07%, Fe (iron) ): 0.05 to 0.8%, Mn (manganese): 0.05 to 0.2%, and Ti (titanium): 0.01 to 0.15%, one or more It may be included.
- the brazing filler metal layer may further contain one or two of Cu (copper): 0.5 to 5.0% and Zn (zinc): 0.9 to 6.0%. . These elements can adjust the electric potential of a brazing material layer by making content in a brazing material layer in the said specific range, and can improve the corrosion resistance of a brazing sheet more.
- the core material layer of the above brazing sheet has a Mg content of less than 0.2% (mass%, the same shall apply hereinafter), and the remainder has chemical components composed of Al and inevitable impurities. ing. Mg in the core layer diffuses into the brazing due to heating during brazing and may cause problems such as reacting with the flux and reducing the fluidity of the brazing as described above. From the viewpoint of suppressing these problems, it is necessary to regulate the Mg content in the core layer to less than 0.2%. From the same viewpoint, the smaller the Mg content, the better.
- the core material layer further comprises Mn: 0.05 to 1.3%, Si: 1.0% or less, Fe: 1.0% or less, Cu: 0.9% or less, Zn: 6.5% or less, Ti: 0.2% And Zr (zirconium): 0.5% or less
- the core material layer further comprises Mn: 0.05 to 1.3%, Si: 1.0% or less, Fe: 1.0% or less, Cu: 0.9%
- one or more of Zn: 6.5% or less, Ti: 0.2% or less, and Zr: 0.5% or less may be contained.
- the brazing sheet may be previously subjected to an etching treatment of an oxide film existing on the surface of the brazing material layer.
- An oxide film on the surface of the brazing material layer can be thinned by performing an etching process on the brazing sheet.
- the oxide film can be more easily broken by flux, Li, or the like, and the brazing property can be further improved.
- Examples of the etching treatment include a method of immersing the brazing sheet in acid or alkali.
- acid a diluted solution of hydrofluoric acid, a mixed diluted solution of hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid, a mixed diluted solution of phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid, or the like can be used.
- alkali a caustic soda solution or the like can be used.
- an oil agent having a thermal decomposition temperature in an inert gas of 380 ° C. or lower after the etching treatment to the surface of the brazing material layer.
- an oil agent having a thermal decomposition temperature in an inert gas of 380 ° C. or lower after the etching treatment to the surface of the brazing material layer.
- the oil agent is easily decomposed during the temperature rise during brazing, and therefore hardly remains on the surface of the object to be treated at the brazing temperature. Therefore, even if the brazing is started in a state where the oil agent adheres to the surface of the object to be treated, there is little possibility that the brazing property is impaired. Therefore, by using the above oil agent, the degreasing treatment can be omitted and the brazing operation process can be further simplified while obtaining the effect of maintaining good brazing properties.
- Oils having a thermal decomposition temperature exceeding 380 ° C. are difficult to be decomposed by heating during brazing, and in some cases, may be seized on the surface of the workpiece. As a result, the brazability may be deteriorated.
- a flux is applied onto the brazing material layer that exists in the outer bonded portion facing the external space of the workpiece.
- the flux for example, a conventionally used K—Al—F (potassium-aluminum-fluorine) flux can be used.
- K—Al—F potassium-aluminum-fluorine
- the amount of flux applied to the brazing filler metal layer present at the outer bonded portion is preferably 0.5 to 7.0 g / m 2 , more preferably 0.5 to 4.5 g / m 2. 0.5 to 3.5 g / m 2 is more preferable.
- the oxide film may be insufficiently broken by the flux.
- oxidation may excessively proceed on the surface of the outer bonded portion during brazing.
- the brazing property of the outer bonded portion may be deteriorated.
- the application amount of the flux exceeds 7.0 g / m 2 , it is difficult to obtain an effect of improving the brazing property commensurate with the application amount. Further, in some cases, the flux becomes excessive, and there is a possibility that the appearance quality after brazing and the surface treatment property are deteriorated.
- the amount of flux applied above is a value calculated by dividing the amount of flux applied on the brazing filler metal layer by the area of flux applied. That is, in the brazing method described above, coating unevenness may exist such that a portion where the amount of flux applied is large or a portion where the amount of flux applied is small locally on the brazing material layer.
- the brazing method can suppress the consumption of flux due to Mg, the amount of flux applied can be reduced as compared with the conventional method. Furthermore, even if there is uneven application of the flux on the brazing material layer, the brazing property can be improved.
- the content of the binder having a thermal decomposition temperature in an inert gas of 500 ° C. or less is regulated to 20% by mass or less.
- the binder is used for uniformly applying the flux in the conventional brazing method.
- the binder is thermally decomposed by heating at the time of brazing and the brazing property is deteriorated by a decomposition product.
- the decomposition product of the binder stays in the hollow portion, and the inner bonded portion of the inner bonded portion It is easy to deteriorate brazeability.
- the above brazing method does not necessarily require the flux to be uniformly applied, so that it is not necessary to use a binder. Therefore, by restricting the content of the binder to 20% by mass or less, it is possible to suppress the deterioration of the brazing property due to the decomposition product of the binder, and to improve the brazing properties of both the outer bonded portion and the inner bonded portion. It can be improved further.
- Example 1 An example of the brazing method will be described with reference to the drawings.
- the workpiece 1 of this example is composed of two brazing sheets 2, and there is a cylindrical hollow portion 11 surrounded by the two brazing sheets 2.
- the brazing sheet 2 of this example is a single-sided brazing sheet in which a brazing filler metal layer B is clad on one side of a core material layer C as shown in FIG.
- the brazing sheet 2 has a top wall portion 21 and a pair of side wall portions 22 that are bent at both ends of the top wall portion 21 in the plate width direction.
- the pair of side wall portions 22 extends from the end portion of the top wall portion 21 toward the brazing filler metal layer B side in the thickness direction of the top wall portion 21.
- a flange portion 23 formed by folding the brazing sheet 2 toward the top wall portion 21 is formed at the tip of the side wall portion 22.
- the two brazing sheets 2 are arranged so that the brazing filler metal layers B of the top wall portion 21 face each other and the flange portions 23 come into contact with each other.
- the to-be-processed object 1 of this example has the cylindrical hollow part 11 enclosed by the two brazing sheets 2, as shown to FIG.1 and FIG.2 (a). Further, the hollow portion 11 side of the flange portion 23 is the inner bonded portion 12, and the side facing the external space is the outer bonded portion 13.
- the workpiece 1 After the flux 3 is applied to the outer joint portion 13 of the workpiece 1 having the above-described configuration, the workpiece 1 is heated and brazed in an inert gas atmosphere. Thereby, as shown in FIG.2 (b), the brazing part 14 is formed in both the inner side joined part 12 and the outer side joined part 13, and the two brazing sheets 2 are brazed.
- brazing sheet 2 An aluminum alloy having the chemical components shown in Table 1 was cast to produce an ingot. The ingot was heated at 500 ° C. and homogenized, and then the ingot was hot-rolled to produce a brazing material plate having a thickness of 5 mm. In addition to the brazing material plate, an aluminum alloy having chemical components shown in Table 2 was cast to produce an ingot. The ingot was heated at 600 ° C. and homogenized, and then the ingot was hot-rolled to produce a core plate having a thickness of 45 mm.
- the brazing material plate and the core material plate prepared as described above were superposed in the combinations shown in Table 3, and clad rolling was performed at a temperature of 500 ° C. to produce a clad rolling plate having a thickness of 2 mm.
- the obtained clad rolled plate was cold-rolled to produce a cold-rolled plate having a thickness of 0.4 mm.
- the cold rolled sheet was heated and annealed.
- the brazing sheet 2 in which the brazing material layer B was clad on one side of the core material layer C was produced.
- the clad rate of the brazing filler metal layer B in the obtained brazing sheet 2 was 10%.
- the amount of flux 3 applied was calculated by the following method. First, the total mass of the applied flux 3 is subtracted from the mass of the workpiece 1 measured before applying the flux 3 from the mass of the workpiece 1 measured after the flux 3 is applied and dried. (G) was calculated. By dividing the total weight by the total area of the outer surface of the workpiece 1 (m 2), it is possible to calculate the average of the coating amount of the flux 3 is applied to the object to be processed 1. In this example, the average of the application amount is defined as the amount of flux 3 applied to the outer bonded portion 13.
- the application conditions such as the concentration of the flux 3 in the alcohol suspension are set so that the average of the application amount is 2.5 g / m 2 in consideration of the application unevenness of the flux 3.
- the average amount of the flux 3 applied varied in the range of 1.0 to 4.5 g / m 2 .
- brazing For brazing the workpiece 1, a brazing furnace capable of replacing the brazing chamber with an inert gas was used. In this example, nitrogen gas was introduced into the brazing chamber, and the workpiece 1 was brazed while the oxygen concentration in the chamber was controlled to 20 ppm or less.
- the object 1 was heated under the following conditions. After feeding the workpiece 1 into the brazing chamber, the workpiece 1 was heated so that the time until the temperature reached 600 ° C. was about 15 minutes while measuring the temperature of the workpiece 1. . After the temperature of the workpiece 1 reached 600 ° C., the temperature of 600 ° C. was held for 3 minutes. Thereafter, the workpiece 1 was cooled and taken out from the brazing furnace. The brazing of the workpiece 1 was completed as described above, and 33 types of test bodies (test bodies E1 to E23, C1 to C10) shown in Table 3 were produced.
- brazing property evaluation was performed by visual evaluation and cross-sectional observation. The evaluation method will be described below.
- the specimens E1 to E23 use the brazing sheet 2 in which the chemical components of the brazing material layer B and the core material layer C are within the specific range. Therefore, the test bodies E1 to E23 showed good results in both the visual evaluation and the cross-sectional observation. In the test body E15, discoloration occurred on the surface of the brazing part 14. This is probably because the Bi content is relatively large. Since the results of the visual evaluation and the cross-sectional observation in the test body E15 are good, the discoloration of the brazed portion 14 is not likely to cause a practical problem in the test body E15.
- the specimens C1 to C6 use the brazing sheet 2 in which any of Bi, Li, or Be in the brazing material layer B is out of the specific range. Therefore, brazing defects such as fillet breakage and unbonding occurred in the inner bonded portion 12.
- any of Bi, Li, or Be is out of the above specific range, so that the wetting of the wax in the inner bonded portion 12 occurs. It can be presumed that the sex declined.
- Specimens C7 to C8 use a brazing sheet 2 in which Si in the brazing filler metal layer B is out of the specific range. Therefore, the fluidity of the brazing during brazing became insufficient, and a brazing defect occurred in both the inner bonded portion 12 and the outer bonded portion 13.
- the specimens C9 to C10 use the brazing sheet 2 in which the Mg of the brazing material layer B or the core material layer C exceeds the specific range. Therefore, a brazing defect occurred in the outer bonded portion 13.
- the flux 3 is consumed by reacting with Mg, so that the wettability of the wax in the outer welded portion 13 is reduced. It can be estimated that
- Example 2 This example is an example of the brazing method of the workpiece 1b including other members than the brazing sheet 2.
- the object to be processed 1b of this example includes a flat brazing sheet 2b and an upper member 4 placed on the brazing sheet 2b.
- the brazing sheet 2b A cylindrical hollow portion 11 surrounded by the upper member 4 is present.
- the same reference numerals as those used in the first embodiment denote the same components as in the first embodiment unless otherwise specified.
- the upper member 4 is formed by bending a 0.4 mm thick aluminum plate made of JIS A 3003 alloy, and has the same shape as the brazing sheet 2 in Example 1. That is, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the upper member 4 includes a top wall portion 41, a pair of side wall portions 42 that are bent at both ends in the width direction of the top wall portion 41, and a tip of the side wall portion 42. And a formed flange portion 43.
- the brazing sheet 2b has the same configuration as that used for the specimen E2 and specimen E4 in Example 1.
- the brazing sheet 2 of this example has a dimension of width 50 mm ⁇ length 100 mm.
- the flux 3 was applied to a portion (see FIG. 4 (a)) to be the outer bonded portion 13 in the brazing material layer B of the brazing sheet 2b.
- two types of alcohol suspensions with different concentrations of flux 3 were prepared so that the average amount of flux 3 applied was 1.5 g / m 2 and 3.5 g / m 2. After applying using a brush, it was dried.
- the application experiment is performed a plurality of times in advance using the above two types of alcohol suspensions, and the application amount to the brazing sheet 2b used for brazing is minimized from the maximum value in the plurality of application experiments.
- the experiment was carried out assuming that it was included in the range up to the value.
- Table 4 shows the range from the maximum value to the minimum value in the coating experiment.
- the upper member 4 was placed so that the flange portion 43 was in contact with the brazing material layer B (see FIG. 4A).
- the brazing sheet 2b and the upper member 4 were fixed using a jig, and the workpiece 1b was assembled.
- the workpiece 1 b of this example includes a cylindrical hollow portion 11 surrounded by the brazing sheet 2 b and the upper member 4. Further, the hollow portion 11 side of the flange portion 43 is the inner bonded portion 12, and the side facing the external space is the outer bonded portion 13.
- brazing was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 to prepare four types of test bodies (test bodies E31 to E34) shown in Table 4.
- test bodies E31 to E34 four test specimens (test specimens C31 to C32) prepared in the same manner as described above except that no flux 3 was applied were prepared.
- the brazing property was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 4.
- Example 3 This example is an example of another aspect of the workpiece 1 to which the brazing method can be applied.
- the said brazing method is the to-be-processed object 1 which consists of aluminum materials and has the hollow part 11, it can apply to the to-be-processed object 1 of a various aspect.
- FIG. 5 to FIG. 7 show examples of aspects of the workpiece 1 (1c, 1d, 1e). 5 to 7 show a state where the brazing of the workpiece 1 is completed.
- the brazing material layer B in the brazing sheet 2 is melted by heating during brazing and moves to the inner bonded portion 12 and the outer bonded portion 13. Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 5 to 7, the brazing filler metal layer B does not remain on the surface of the core material layer C in the state where the brazing is completed except for the inner bonded portion 12 and the outer bonded portion 13.
- the workpiece 1 may have an inner fin 5 sandwiched between two brazing sheets 2 as shown in FIG. 5 to be processed can be produced using a double-sided brazing sheet in which a brazing material layer B is clad on both sides of a core material layer C.
- the object 1c to be processed can be manufactured as follows, for example. First, the both ends in the plate width direction of the brazing sheet 2 are bent to form the top wall portion 21 and a pair of tapered side wall portions 24. The tapered side wall portions 24 are bent so that the distance from each other increases as the distance from the top wall portion 21 increases. Next, the separately prepared inner fin 5 having a corrugated shape is accommodated inside one brazing sheet 2c of the two brazing sheets 2 (2c, 2d) and brought into contact with the brazing material layer B of the top wall portion 21.
- the top wall portion 21 of the other brazing sheet 2d is accommodated inside the one brazing sheet 2c to bring the brazing material layer B into contact with the inner fin 5, and the tapered side wall portions 24 of the two brazing sheets 2 are used. Bring them together.
- the to-be-processed object 1c obtained by the above has the some hollow part 11 (11a, 11b) between the two brazing sheets 2.
- the contact portion between the brazing sheet 2 and the inner fin 5 is the inner bonded portion 12 facing the hollow portion 11a or 11b, a good brazed bonding can be formed without using the flux 3.
- the abutting portion between the tapered side wall portions 24 has the outer joined portion 13 facing the external space. Therefore, a good brazing joint can be formed by applying the flux 3 to the outer surface at the contact portion between the tapered side wall portions 24.
- the object to be processed 1 may be a cylindrical body formed by bending one brazing sheet 2.
- the object to be processed 1d shown in FIG. 6 folds the both ends of the brazing sheet 2 in the plate width direction toward the center to form the folded portion 25, and further folds the tip to the inside to fold the central wall portion 26. It can be manufactured by forming. Thereby, the central wall part 26, the folding
- the to-be-processed object 1d produced as described above has two hollow portions 11 surrounded by the central wall portion 26, the folded portion 25, and the base portion 27. Further, a portion where the base portion 27 and the central wall portion 26 are bonded is the inner bonded portion 12, and a portion where the pair of central wall portions 26 are bonded is the outer bonded portion 13.
- flange portions 23 are formed at both ends in the plate width direction of the brazing sheet 2, and the flange portions 23.
- An object to be processed 1e in which the brazing sheet 2 is formed into a cylindrical shape so that the abuts against each other can be considered.
- Example 4 The brazing method can be applied to the manufacture of a heat exchanger.
- the to-be-processed object 1f of this example includes a pair of headers 61, five extruded tubes 62 inserted through the header 61 in a state of being parallel to each other, and adjacent extruded tubes 62. And corrugated outer fins 63 disposed on the surface.
- the to-be-processed object 1f has many hollow parts 11 (11c, 11d). That is, as shown in FIG. 8, the hollow portions 11 c surrounded by the header 61, the extruded tube 62, and the outer fin 63 exist at both ends of the workpieces 1 f in the arrangement direction of the header 61. Further, a hollow portion 11d surrounded by the extruded tube 62 and the outer fin 63 exists inside the hollow portion 11c in the arrangement direction.
- the to-be-processed object 1f produces a heat exchanger by assembling the header 61, the extruded tube 62, and the outer fin 63 into a predetermined shape shown in FIG. be able to.
- the extruded tube 62 for example, a multi-hole tube in which the inside of the tube is partitioned into a plurality of flow paths by partition walls can be used.
- the header 61 and the outer fin 63 are composed of the brazing sheet 2 having the brazing material layer B on both surfaces of the core material layer C.
- the header 61 has a through hole (not shown) for inserting the extruded tube 62.
- the to-be-processed object 1f of this example has many hollow parts 11. Since the abutting portion between the extruded tube 62 and the outer fin 63 is the inner joined portion 12 facing the hollow portion 11c or 11d, a good brazing joint can be formed without using the flux 3. On the other hand, the contact portion between the header 61 and the extruded tube 62 has the outer joined portion 13 that faces the external space. Therefore, a good brazing joint can be formed by applying the flux 3 to the outer surface of the contact portion between the header 61 and the extruded tube 62.
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Abstract
Description
Mgの含有量が0.2%(質量%、以下同じ)未満に規制され、残部がAl及び不可避不純物からなる化学成分を有する心材層と、Si:4.0~13.0%、Bi:0.01~0.3%を必須に含み、更にLi:0.004~0.08%及びBe:0.006~0.12%のうち1種又は2種を含み、Mgの含有量が0.1%未満に規制され、残部がAl及び不可避不純物からなる化学成分を有し、上記心材層の少なくとも一方の面にクラッドされたろう材層とを有するブレージングシートを含む上記被処理物を準備し、
上記ろう材層が上記内側被接合部及び上記外側被接合部の両方に存在するように上記被処理物を組み立て、
次いで、上記外側被接合部に存在する上記ろう材層にフラックスを塗布し、
その後、不活性ガス雰囲気下で上記被処理物を加熱してろう付を行うことを特徴とするろう付方法にある。
上記ろう付法に用いるブレージングシートは、心材層と、心材層の少なくとも一方の面にクラッドされたろう材層とを有している。以下、心材層の化学成分及びろう材層の化学成分について詳説する。
ろう材層は、Si:4.0~13.0%、Bi:0.01~0.3%を必須に含み、更にLi:0.004~0.08%及びBe:0.006~0.12%のうち1種又は2種を含み、Mgの含有量が0.1%未満に規制され、残部がAl及び不可避不純物からなる化学成分を有している。
Siの含有量を4.0~13.0%とすることにより、被接合部に十分な量のろうを供給することができる。Siの含有量が4.0%未満の場合には、ろうの供給量が不足する、ろうの流動性が低下するなどの問題が生じ、ろう付性が悪化するおそれがある。一方、Siの含有量が13.0%を超える場合には、ろうの供給量が過剰となり、心材層の溶解量が過多となるおそれがある。また、この場合には、ろう材層の溶融温度が過度に高くなるおそれがある。これらの結果、ろう付性が悪化するおそれがある。
Biは、アルミニウム材の表面に存在する酸化皮膜を脆弱化する作用を有する。そのため、Biは、LiまたはBeと共存することにより、Li及びBeによる酸化皮膜の破壊を促進させてろう付性を向上させることができる。また、Biは、ろうの表面張力を低下させる作用を有するため、被処理物の細い隙間にろうが流入し易くなる。その結果、ろう付接合の信頼性を向上させることができる。
Li及びBeは、ろう材層中にいずれか一方が含まれていれば良く、両方が含まれていても良い。Li及びBeは、いずれも、アルミニウム材表面に存在する酸化皮膜を破壊してろう付性を向上させる作用を有する。また、Liはフラックスとほとんど反応せず、Beはフラックスと全く反応しない。それ故、Li及びBeを含むろうは、フラックスの作用をほとんど阻害しない。
Mgは、フラックスと反応することによりフラックスを消費し、外側被接合部のろう付性を悪化させる。また、Mgとフラックスとの反応生成物は、ろうの流動性を低下させ、ろう付性を悪化させる。これらの問題を抑制する観点から、ろう材層中のMgの含有量を0.1%未満に規制する必要がある。同様の観点から、Mgの含有量は少ないほど好ましく、0.05%以下に規制することがより好ましい。
・Mg:0.2%未満
上記ブレージングシートの心材層は、Mgの含有量が0.2%(質量%、以下同じ)未満に規制され、残部がAl及び不可避不純物からなる化学成分を有している。心材層のMgは、ろう付時の加熱によりろうに拡散し、上述と同様にフラックスと反応する、ろうの流動性を低下させる等の問題を招くおそれがある。これらの問題を抑制する観点から、心材層中のMgの含有量を0.2%未満に規制する必要がある。同様の観点から、Mgの含有量は少ないほど好ましい。
心材層は、更にMn:0.05~1.3%、Si:1.0%以下、Fe:1.0%以下、Cu:0.9%以下、Zn:6.5%以下、Ti:0.2%以下及びZr:0.5%以下のうち1種または2種以上を含有していてもよい。これらの元素を心材層に添加することにより、ブレージングシートの強度や耐食性を向上させることができる。なお、これらの元素の含有量が過度に多い場合には、ブレージングシートを作製する際の圧延工程において割れが発生しやすくなるおそれがある。
上記ろう付方法においては、被処理物の外部空間に面した外側被接合部に存在するろう材層上にフラックスを塗布する。フラックスとしては、例えば、従来用いられているK-Al-F(カリウム-アルミニウム-フッ素)系フラックスを用いることができる。なお、上記ろう付方法においては、中空部に面した内側被接合部にフラックスを積極的に塗布する必要はないが、内側被接合部にフラックスが塗布されていてもろう付性が悪化することはない。
上記ろう付方法の実施例を、図を用いて説明する。本例の被処理物1は、図1及び図2に示すように2枚のブレージングシート2から構成されており、2枚のブレージングシート2により囲まれた筒状の中空部11が存在している。本例のブレージングシート2は、図2(a)に示すように、心材層Cの片面にろう材層Bがクラッドされた片面ブレージングシートである。ブレージングシート2は、頂壁部21と、頂壁部21の板幅方向における両端に屈曲形成された一対の側壁部22とを有している。一対の側壁部22は、頂壁部21の厚み方向におけるろう材層B側に向けて頂壁部21の端部から延びている。また、側壁部22の先端には、ブレージングシート2が頂壁部21側に折り返されてなるフランジ部23が形成されている。
表1に示す化学成分を有するアルミニウム合金を鋳造し、鋳塊を作製した。鋳塊を500℃で加熱して均質化処理を行った後、鋳塊に熱間圧延を行って厚さ5mmのろう材板を作製した。また、ろう材板とは別に、表2に示す化学成分を有するアルミニウム合金を鋳造し、鋳塊を作製した。鋳塊を600℃で加熱して均質化処理を行った後、鋳塊に熱間圧延を行って厚さ45mmの心材板を作製した。
ブレージングシート2にプレス成形を行って図1及び図2に示す形状に成形した後、図2(a)に示すように、フランジ部23のろう材層B同士が当接するようにして2枚のブレージングシート2を組み合わせた。この状態で治具(図示略)を用いて2枚のブレージングシート2を固定し、被処理物1を組み立てた。
次に、フラックス3が中空部11内に進入しないように、被処理物1の一対の開口端111(図1参照)にテープ(図示略)を貼り付けて中空部11を一時的に封止した。この状態において、被処理物1の外表面、即ち外部空間に面した表面全体にK-Al-F系フラックスのアルコール懸濁液をスプレーにより塗布した。その後、被処理物1を乾燥させた後にテープを除去した。以上により被処理物1の外表面にフラックス3を塗布した。
被処理物1のろう付には、ろう付室内を不活性ガスにより置換可能なろう付炉を用いた。本例においては、ろう付室内に窒素ガスを導入し、室内の酸素濃度を20ppm以下に制御した状態で被処理物1のろう付を行った。
得られた試験体について、目視評価及び断面観察によりろう付性の評価を行った。以下に評価方法を説明する。
試験体の内側被接合部12及び外側被接合部13に形成されたフィレット121、131(図2(b)参照)の形状を目視により観察した。その結果を表3に示す。なお、表3における「目視評価」の欄に示した記号に対応する評価結果は以下の通りである。
A+:フィレット121、131の大きさのばらつきが小さく、フィレット121、131に切れ目がない極めて良好な状態
A:フィレット121、131の大きさに若干のばらつきがあるが、フィレット121、131に切れ目がない良好な状態
B:フィレット121、131が部分的に途切れ、連続していない状態
C:フィレット121、131がほとんど形成されていない、あるいはろう付接合がなされていない状態
試験体を切断して長手方向に垂直な断面を露出させ、当該断面に形成されたフィレット121、131の画像を取得した。この画像に基づき、図2(b)に示すように、フィレット121、131を円弧と仮定したときの曲率半径を算出した。即ち、図2(b)に示すように、上記の断面画像に基づいて、フィレット121、131の形状に最もよく合致する近似円122、132を決定し、得られた近似円122、132の半径を曲率半径とした。なお、フィレット121、131の曲率半径は、ろう付性が良好であり、ろう付中のろうの濡れ性が高いほど大きい値を示す。
本例は、ブレージングシート2以外の他の部材を含む被処理物1bのろう付方法の例である。本例の被処理物1bは、図3及び図4に示すように、平板状のブレージングシート2bと、ブレージングシート2b上に載置された上部部材4とから構成されており、ブレージングシート2bと上部部材4とにより囲まれた筒状の中空部11が存在している。なお、図3及び図4において用いた符号のうち、実施例1において用いた符号と同一のものは、特に説明の無い限り実施例1と同様の構成要素等を示す。
本例は、上記ろう付方法を適用可能な被処理物1の他の態様の例である。上記ろう付方法は、アルミニウム材からなり、中空部11を有する被処理物1であれば、種々の態様の被処理物1に適用することができる。図5~図7に、被処理物1(1c、1d、1e)の態様の例を示す。なお、なお、図5~図7は、被処理物1のろう付が完了した状態を示している。ブレージングシート2におけるろう材層Bは、ろう付時の加熱により溶融して内側被接合部12及び外側被接合部13に移動する。そのため、図5~図7に示すように、ろう付が完了した状態における心材層Cの表面には、内側被接合部12及び外側被接合部13を除いてろう材層Bは残っていない。
上記ろう付方法は、熱交換器の製造に適用することができる。図8に示すように、本例の被処理物1fは、一対のヘッダ61と、互いに平行に並んだ状態でヘッダ61に挿通される5本の押出管62と、隣り合う押出管62の間に配置されるコルゲート形状のアウターフィン63とを有している。
Claims (7)
- アルミニウム材からなり中空部を有する被処理物における、上記中空部に面した内側被接合部と、外部空間に面した外側被接合部とを一括してろう付するろう付方法であって、
Mgの含有量が0.2%(質量%、以下同じ)未満に規制され、残部がAl及び不可避不純物からなる化学成分を有する心材層と、Si:4.0~13.0%、Bi:0.01~0.3%を必須に含み、更にLi:0.004~0.08%及びBe:0.006~0.12%のうち1種又は2種を含み、Mgの含有量が0.1%未満に規制され、残部がAl及び不可避不純物からなる化学成分を有し、上記心材層の少なくとも一方の面にクラッドされたろう材層とを有するブレージングシートを含む上記被処理物を準備し、
上記ろう材層が上記内側被接合部及び上記外側被接合部の両方に存在するように上記被処理物を組み立て、
次いで、上記外側被接合部に存在する上記ろう材層上にフラックスを塗布し、
その後、不活性ガス雰囲気下で上記被処理物を加熱してろう付を行う、ろう付方法。 - 上記心材層は、更にMn:0.05~1.3%、Si:1.0%以下、Fe:1.0%以下、Cu:0.9%以下、Zn:6.5%以下、Ti:0.2%以下及びZr:0.5%以下のうち1種または2種以上を含有している、請求項1に記載のろう付方法。
- 上記ブレージングシートは、予め、上記ろう材層の表面に存在する酸化皮膜のエッチング処理を施されている、請求項1または2に記載のろう付方法。
- 上記エッチング処理の後に、上記ろう材層の表面に不活性ガス中での熱分解温度が380℃以下である油剤を塗布する、請求項3に記載のろう付方法。
- 上記フラックスは、不活性ガス中での熱分解温度が500℃以下であるバインダの含有量が20質量%以下に規制されている、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載のろう付方法。
- 上記外側被接合部に塗布するフラックスの量は、0.5~7.0g/m2である、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のろう付方法。
- 熱交換器の製造に用いる、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のろう付方法。
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CN107073618A (zh) | 2017-08-18 |
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US10150186B2 (en) | 2018-12-11 |
JP7042023B2 (ja) | 2022-03-25 |
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