WO2015190529A1 - タンパク質間相互作用の判定方法 - Google Patents
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- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
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- C12N15/10—Processes for the isolation, preparation or purification of DNA or RNA
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- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
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- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/536—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with immune complex formed in liquid phase
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- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/58—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances
- G01N33/582—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances with fluorescent label
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- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
- G01N33/6803—General methods of protein analysis not limited to specific proteins or families of proteins
- G01N33/6845—Methods of identifying protein-protein interactions in protein mixtures
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- C07K2319/70—Fusion polypeptide containing domain for protein-protein interaction
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for determining protein-protein interaction, and a vector and kit for use in the method.
- the method for determining protein-protein interactions can be divided into two main groups.
- the first is a method characterized by using a protein separated from a living cell.
- surface plasmon resonance method protein mass spectrometry method
- anisotropy measurement method anisotropy measurement
- a method for determining protein-protein interactions using living cells has been developed.
- Representative methods include a yeast two-hybrid system that detects the transcriptional activity of a reporter and variations thereof.
- methods that utilize reconstitution of enzymes such as ⁇ -galactosidase and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) have been developed.
- DHFR dihydrofolate reductase
- FRET fluorescence resonance energy transfer method
- Patent Document 1 a method for determining protein-protein interactions using intracellular localization was reported by Tobias Meyer et al.
- a protein that specifically binds to a specific site in a cell is fused to one of the proteins for determining the interaction, and a fluorescent protein or the like is fused to the other of the proteins for determining the interaction. Then, these fusion proteins are expressed in the cell, and the protein-protein interaction is determined using a signal such as a fluorescent protein at a specific site in the cell as an index.
- Patent Document 2 A method for determining protein-protein interaction has been reported (Patent Document 2).
- this method requires the cells to be stimulated to induce the formation of aggregates at any point in time. It is necessary to remove the drugs that were present. Therefore, in this method, it is not possible to obtain time information when the protein-protein interaction occurs, and the protein-protein interaction that changes (occurs, disappears, regenerates, etc.) at any place in any period is There are problems such as being unable to judge.
- the present invention has been made in view of the problems of the prior art, and its purpose is to determine the protein-protein interaction in the cell under the intracellular environment unique to the protein-protein interaction, And it is providing the method which can acquire the positional information and time information of protein-protein interaction.
- the present inventors have the ability to multimerize the first protein in determining the interaction between the two proteins (first protein and second protein).
- the use of a first fusion protein containing a protein and a fluorescent protein and a second fusion protein containing a second protein and a protein having multimerization ability was conceived (see FIGS. 1 and 2). More specifically, when these two fusion proteins are expressed in a cell, if the first protein and the second protein interact, multimer formation between proteins having multimerization ability is induced.
- a system was considered in which the fusion protein forms an aggregate independently, and the fluorescent protein contained in the fusion protein is detected as a fluorescent bright spot.
- the interaction between the proteins was determined in response to the demonstration of the effectiveness of the system for detecting fluorescent bright spots generated by the formation of aggregates of the first fusion protein and the second fusion protein shown in FIGS.
- We envisioned another detection system to do this see Figs. 3-6). That is, the first fusion protein and the second fusion protein are each divided and expressed in a cell or introduced into a cell, and protein-protein interaction is performed through reconstitution of each fusion protein in the cell. Conceived a detection system for judgment.
- the third fusion protein containing the first protein and the protein having multimerization ability in the determination of the interaction between the first protein and the second protein, the third fusion protein containing the first protein and the protein having multimerization ability, In the case where the fourth fusion protein containing the protein and the protein having multimerization ability and the fifth fusion protein containing the protein having multimerization ability and the fifth fusion protein containing the fluorescent protein are expressed in the cell or introduced into the cell.
- the proteins having multimerization ability associate to bind the third fusion protein and the fifth fusion protein, and the fourth fusion protein and the fifth fusion protein bind to each other.
- proteins corresponding to the first and second fusion proteins shown are expressed in the cells.And if it is as such an assumption, like the system which detects the fluorescence luminescent point which arises by the aggregate formation of the 1st fusion protein and 2nd fusion protein which are shown to FIG. Interaction with other proteins induces multimer formation between proteins with multimerization ability, which causes the fusion protein to form an autonomous association, and the fluorescent protein contained in the fusion protein serves as a fluorescent luminescent spot. It can be expected to be detected also in a system for detecting a fluorescent bright spot generated by the association formation of the third fusion protein, the fourth fusion protein, and the fifth fusion protein shown in FIG.
- the first labeled protein containing the affinity tag and the first protein the second labeled protein containing the affinity tag and the second protein, and the affinity tag
- the sixth fusion protein which includes a protein having a multimerizing ability and a fluorescent protein, which is bound to a binding partner having a phenotype and expressed in a cell or introduced into a cell
- the affinity tag and the By binding to the binding partner the first labeled protein binds to the sixth fusion protein to which the binding partner binds
- the second labeled protein binds to the binding partner.
- the first fusion protein and the second fusion protein shown in FIG. Each corresponding protein complex to the protein is assumed to be expressed within the cell.
- a complex composed of a fluorescent protein, a protein having multimerization ability and a binding partner, an affinity tag and the first protein functions like the first fusion protein shown in FIG.
- a complex composed of a protein and binding partner having multimerization ability, an affinity tag and a second protein functions like the second fusion protein shown in FIG.
- the fusion protein autonomously forms an aggregate, and the fluorescent protein contained in the fusion protein is detected as a fluorescent bright spot.
- 8 fusion proteins, a second partial peptide that can be reconstituted by a fluorescent protein by binding to the first partial peptide, and a ninth fusion protein containing a protein having multimerization ability are expressed in cells.
- the reconstitution causes the fluorescent protein to be expressed in the cell.
- the first protein and the second protein interact, multimer formation between proteins having multimerization ability is induced, whereby the fusion protein is independently associated.
- a fluorescent protein contained in the fusion protein is detected as a fluorescent bright spot.
- the third partial peptide constituting the protein having multimerization ability and the tenth fusion protein containing the first protein and the third part constituting the protein having multimerization ability An eleventh fusion protein comprising a peptide and a second protein; a fourth partial peptide that can be reconstituted by a protein capable of multimerization by binding to a third partial peptide; and a twelfth comprising a fluorescent protein
- a protein having multimerization ability is expressed in the cell by the reconstitution.
- the first protein and the second protein interact, multimer formation between proteins having multimerization ability is induced, whereby the fusion protein is independently associated.
- a fluorescent protein contained in the fusion protein is detected as a fluorescent bright spot.
- the present inventors conceived the system shown in FIG. 7 as an embodiment for detecting an interaction between three or more proteins based on the system shown in FIG. That is, the thirteenth fusion protein containing the first protein and the protein having multimerization ability, the fourteenth fusion protein containing the second protein and the protein having multimerization ability, the third protein and the fluorescent protein If the first protein, the second protein, and the third protein interact when the fifteenth fusion protein is expressed in the cell or introduced into the cell, the system shown in FIG. Similarly, multimer formation between proteins having multimerization ability is induced, whereby the fusion protein autonomously forms an aggregate, and the fluorescent protein contained in the fusion protein is detected as a fluorescent bright spot. .
- the detection system shown in FIG. 7 was actually constructed, and the fusion protein was expressed in the cell, resulting from the association of the thirteenth fusion protein, the fourteenth fusion protein, and the fifteenth fusion protein. It has been clarified that a system that detects a fluorescent bright spot generated by forming an association with a fluorescent bright spot can also determine any protein-protein interaction using the fluorescent bright spot detected in the cell as an index.
- the detection system shown in FIG. 8 was actually constructed, and when the fusion protein was expressed in the cell, an aggregate was formed with the fluorescent bright spot generated by the association of the 16th fusion protein and the 17th fusion protein. It has been clarified that an interaction between proteins can be determined by using a fluorescent bright spot detected in the cell as an index even by a system for detecting the fluorescent bright spot generated by the above.
- the present invention relates to a method for determining protein-protein interaction, and a vector and kit for use in the method. More specifically, the present invention provides the following inventions.
- a method for determining an interaction between a first protein and a second protein comprising the following steps (1) to (3): (1) a first protein having a multimerizing ability; A step (2) of expressing or introducing into a cell a first fusion protein comprising a protein having a protein and a fluorescent protein and a second fusion protein comprising a second protein and a protein having multimerization ability
- ⁇ 2> The method according to ⁇ 1>, wherein the second fusion protein is a fusion protein further containing a fluorescent protein.
- the fluorescent protein is a monomeric fluorescent protein.
- ⁇ 4> A method for detecting an interaction between a first protein and a second protein, comprising the following steps (1) to (3): (1) the first protein and the multimerization ability; A third fusion protein comprising a protein having, a fourth fusion protein comprising a second protein and a protein having multimerization ability, and a fifth fusion protein comprising a protein having multimerization ability and a fluorescent protein, Step of expressing in cell or introducing into cell (2) Step of detecting fluorescent bright spot generated by association of third fusion protein, fourth fusion protein and fifth fusion protein in the cell (3) A step of determining an interaction between the first protein and the second protein by detecting the fluorescent bright spot.
- the fluorescent protein is a monomeric fluorescent protein.
- a DNA encoding a protein having a multimerization ability, a DNA encoding a fluorescent protein, and a cloning site, and the DNA encoding an arbitrary protein is inserted into the cloning site, whereby the multimerization is performed.
- a vector capable of expressing a fusion protein comprising an active protein, the fluorescent protein and the arbitrary protein.
- ⁇ 7> To be used in the method according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 3>, including at least one substance selected from the group consisting of the following (a) to (h) and instructions for use: (A) The vector according to ⁇ 6> (b) A vector encoding the first fusion protein (c) A vector encoding the second fusion protein (d) Holding a vector encoding the first fusion protein (E) a transformed cell holding a vector encoding the second fusion protein (f) a transformation holding a vector encoding the first fusion protein and a vector encoding the second fusion protein Cells (g) First fusion protein (h) Second fusion protein.
- a kit for use in the method according to ⁇ 4> or ⁇ 5> comprising at least one substance selected from the group consisting of the following (a) to (h) and instructions for use (a) A fusion protein comprising a DNA that encodes a protein having quantification ability and a cloning site, and a DNA that encodes an arbitrary protein inserted into the cloning site, and the protein having the quantification ability and the arbitrary protein (B) a vector encoding a third fusion protein (c) a vector encoding a fourth fusion protein (d) a vector encoding a fifth fusion protein (e) a fifth fusion Transformed cells carrying a protein-encoding vector (f) Third fusion protein (g) Fourth fusion protein h) the fifth fusion protein.
- a method for detecting an interaction between a first protein and a second protein comprising the following steps (1) to (3): (1) comprising an affinity tag and the first protein A protein having a multimerizing ability, wherein a first labeled protein, a second labeled protein including an affinity tag and a second protein, and a binding partner having affinity for the affinity tag are bound. And a sixth fusion protein containing the fluorescent protein and expressing the cell in the cell or introducing the cell into the cell (2) In the cell, the first labeled protein, the second labeled protein, A step of detecting a fluorescent bright spot generated by association with the sixth fusion protein to which a binding partner is bound (3). Click protein and determining the interaction with the second protein.
- a kit for use in the method according to ⁇ 9> comprising at least one substance selected from the group consisting of the following (a) to (h) and instructions for use (a) encoding an affinity tag A vector comprising a DNA and a cloning site, wherein a DNA encoding an arbitrary protein can be inserted into the cloning site to express a fusion protein containing the affinity tag; (b) a first labeled protein A vector encoding (c) a vector encoding the second labeled protein (d) a vector encoding the sixth fusion protein to which the binding partner is bound (e) a sixth to which the binding partner is bound A transformed cell carrying a vector encoding the fusion protein of (f) the first labeled protein (g Second labeled protein (h) a sixth fusion protein in which the binding partner is bound.
- a method for detecting an interaction between a first protein and a second protein comprising the following steps (1) to (3): (1) a first part constituting a fluorescent protein Fluorescence by binding to the first partial peptide, the seventh fusion protein including the peptide and the first protein, the eighth fusion protein including the first partial peptide and the second protein constituting the fluorescent protein, and the first partial peptide
- kits for use in the method according to ⁇ 11> comprising at least one substance selected from the group consisting of the following (a) to (h) and instructions for use: (a) a first partial peptide A vector capable of expressing a fusion protein containing the first partial peptide by inserting a DNA encoding an arbitrary protein into the cloning site; (C) a vector encoding the eighth fusion protein (d) a vector encoding the ninth fusion protein (e) a transformed cell carrying a vector encoding the ninth fusion protein ( f) Seventh fusion protein (g) Eighth fusion protein (h) Ninth fusion protein.
- a method for detecting an interaction between a first protein and a second protein comprising the following steps (1) to (3): (1) constituting a protein having multimerization ability A tenth fusion protein comprising a third partial peptide and a first protein; an eleventh fusion protein comprising a third partial peptide and a second protein constituting a protein having multimerization ability; A step of expressing the fourth partial peptide that can be reconstituted by the protein having the ability to multimerize by binding to the partial peptide and the twelfth fusion protein containing the fluorescent protein into the cell or introducing it into the cell (2 ) Detects a fluorescent bright spot generated by the association of the tenth fusion protein, the eleventh fusion protein, and the twelfth fusion protein in the cell.
- kits for use in the method according to ⁇ 13> comprising at least one substance selected from the group consisting of the following (a) to (h) and instructions for use: (a) a third partial peptide A vector capable of expressing a fusion protein containing the third partial peptide by inserting a DNA encoding an arbitrary protein into the cloning site.
- a method for detecting an interaction between a first protein, a second protein, and a third protein comprising the following steps (1) to (3): (1) first protein And a thirteenth fusion protein comprising a protein having multimerization ability, a fourteenth fusion protein comprising a second protein and a protein having multimerization ability, and a fifteenth fusion protein comprising a third protein and a fluorescent protein (2) a step of detecting a fluorescent bright spot generated by association of the thirteenth fusion protein, the fourteenth fusion protein and the fifteenth fusion protein in the cell (3) A step of determining an interaction between the first protein, the second protein, and the third protein by detecting the fluorescent bright spot.
- kits for use in the method according to ⁇ 15> comprising at least one substance selected from the group consisting of the following (a) to (h) and instructions for use (a) having a multimerization ability
- a vector comprising a DNA encoding a protein and a cloning site, and a fusion protein containing a protein having multimerization ability can be expressed by inserting a DNA encoding an arbitrary protein into the cloning site
- b) A vector that includes a DNA encoding a fluorescent protein and a cloning site, and allows expression of a fusion protein containing the fluorescent protein by inserting a DNA encoding an arbitrary protein into the cloning site.
- Vector encoding the fusion protein (d) encoding the 14th fusion protein That vector (e) a vector encoding the 15 fusion proteins of (f) 13th of fusion protein (g) 14 fusion protein (h) 15 fusion protein.
- ⁇ 17> A method for determining an interaction between a first protein and a second protein, wherein the protein having the first multimerization ability is different from the protein having the second multimerization ability.
- a method comprising the following steps (1) to (3): (1) a 16th fusion protein comprising a first protein, a first protein having multimerization ability, and a fluorescent protein; A step of expressing or introducing into the cell a seventeenth fusion protein comprising a protein having a multimerization ability of (2) association of the sixteenth fusion protein and the seventeenth fusion protein in the cell; (3) A step of determining an interaction between the first protein and the second protein by detecting the fluorescent bright spot.
- kits for use in the method according to ⁇ 17> comprising at least one substance selected from the group consisting of the following (a) to (f) and instructions for use: (a) a first multimerization A DNA encoding a protein having an ability, a DNA encoding a fluorescent protein, and a cloning site, and having a first multimerization ability by inserting a DNA encoding an arbitrary protein into the cloning site A vector capable of expressing a protein, a fusion protein comprising the fluorescent protein and the arbitrary protein (b) a DNA encoding a protein having a second multimerization ability, a DNA encoding the fluorescent protein, and a cloning site; And a DNA encoding an arbitrary protein is inserted into the cloning site, (C) a vector encoding the 16th fusion protein (d) encoding the 17th fusion protein Vector (e) 16th fusion protein (f) 17th fusion protein.
- the present invention it is possible to determine protein-protein interaction in its own intracellular environment, and based on the result of the determination, it is possible to acquire position information and time information of protein-protein interaction. Become.
- homomultimer formation can be determined efficiently in its own intracellular environment, and the position information and time information of homomultimer formation are also efficiently based on the determination result. It can be acquired.
- a first fusion protein including a first protein (A in the figure), a protein having multimerization ability (C in the figure) and a fluorescent protein (D in the figure), and a second protein (in the figure) And B) and a second fusion protein containing a protein having a multimerization ability (C in the figure), or the first fusion protein in the cell when expressed into the cell or introduced into the cell,
- a in the figure a protein having multimerization ability
- B a second fusion protein
- the interaction of a 1st protein and a 2nd protein can be determined by detecting the fluorescence luminescent point produced by the aggregate formation with a 2nd fusion protein.
- a first fusion protein including a first protein (A in the figure), a protein having multimerization ability (C in the figure) and a fluorescent protein (D in the figure), and a second protein (in the figure) , B) and a second fusion protein containing a protein having multimerization ability (C in the figure) and further containing a fluorescent protein (D in the figure), or when introduced into the cell
- determining an interaction between the first protein and the second protein by detecting a fluorescent bright spot generated by forming an aggregate of the first fusion protein and the second fusion protein in the cell. It is a figure which shows that it can do.
- the third fusion protein including the first protein (A in the figure) and the protein having multimerization ability (C in the figure), the second fusion protein (B in the figure) and having the multimerization ability
- a fluorescent bright spot generated by the formation of an aggregate of the third fusion protein, the fourth fusion protein, and the fifth fusion protein in the cell when expressed or introduced into the cell.
- FIG. 1 It is a conceptual diagram which shows the one aspect
- the sixth fusion protein containing (D in the figure) is expressed in the cell or introduced into the cell, the first labeled protein and the second labeled protein in the cell
- the interaction between the first protein and the second protein can be determined by detecting a fluorescent bright spot generated by forming an aggregate with the sixth fusion protein to which the binding partner is bound.
- the seventh fusion protein containing the first protein (A in the figure) and the first partial peptide (d1 in the figure) constituting the fluorescent protein, the second protein (B in the figure) and the fluorescence
- An eighth fusion protein containing a first partial peptide constituting the protein (in the figure, d1) and a second partial peptide that can be reconstituted by the fluorescent protein by binding to the first partial peptide (in the figure, d2) and the ninth fusion protein containing the protein having the ability to multimerize (C in the figure) are expressed in the cell or introduced into the cell, the seventh fusion protein And detecting the fluorescent bright spot generated by the formation of an association between the eighth fusion protein and the ninth fusion protein, the interaction between the first protein and the second protein can be determined.
- the thirteenth fusion protein including the first protein (A in the figure) and the protein having multimerization ability (C in the figure), and the second protein (B in the figure) and having the multimerization ability
- a 14th fusion protein containing a protein (C in the figure) and a 15th fusion protein containing a third protein (F in the figure) and a fluorescent protein (D in the figure) are expressed in cells.
- a fluorescent bright spot generated by the association of the thirteenth fusion protein, the fourteenth fusion protein, and the fifteenth fusion protein in the cell.
- the protein having the first multimerization ability is different from the protein having the second multimerization ability, and is a first protein (A in the figure), a protein having the first multimerization ability ( In the figure, C) and a 16th fusion protein containing fluorescent protein (D in the figure), a second protein (B in the figure) and a protein having a second multimerization ability (G in the figure).
- a fusion protein according to the present invention obtained by fusing the PB1 domain of p62 protein as a protein having multimerization ability and mAG1 as a fluorescent protein to the FKBP12 mutant to be analyzed It was expressed whether it was expressed in the cell and the homodimer formation of the FKBP12 mutant according to the addition of the drug can be determined using the fluorescent bright spot as an index by adding the drug B / B homodimerizer to the cell. It is a microscope picture which shows a result.
- the scale bar in the figure indicates 20 ⁇ m. It is a microscope picture which shows the result of having detected the fluorescence luminescent spot which shows the homodimer formation of the FKBP12 variant according to the chemical
- the results of analyzing the cells before adding the drug, the cells 58 minutes after adding the drug, and the cells 66 minutes after adding the drug are shown.
- the scale bar in the figure indicates 20 ⁇ m.
- the homodimer formation of the FKBP12 mutant formed by adding the B / B homodimerizer to the cells that constitutively express the PB1-mAG1-FKBP12 mutant results from the addition of the B / B washout ligand.
- cells before drug addition cells 90 minutes after addition of B / B homodimer, B / B homodimer was washed, and 90 minutes after addition of B / B washout ligand The results of analyzing the cells are shown.
- the scale bar in the figure indicates 20 ⁇ m.
- the homodimer formation of the FKBP12 mutant formed by adding the B / B homodimerizer to the cells that constitutively express the PB1-mAG1-FKBP12 mutant results from the addition of the B / B washout ligand.
- A shows the elapsed time after adding B / B homodimerizer to the cells.
- B shows the time which wash
- C shows the elapsed time after adding B / B washout ligand to the cells after the washing.
- a fusion protein (mAG1-PB1-p53 or p53-mAG1-PB1) according to the present invention which is obtained by fusing the PB1 domain of p62 protein as a protein having multimerization ability and mAG1 as a fluorescent protein to p53 to be analyzed.
- Is expressed in cells and is a micrograph showing the result of analyzing whether or not p53 homomultimer formation can be determined using a fluorescent bright spot as an index.
- “mAG1-PB1-p53” is a fluorescent signal derived from a protein obtained by fusing the N-terminal of p53 with a protein tag according to the present invention (a fusion protein including a protein having multimerization ability and a fluorescent protein).
- the right panel shows the result of detecting nuclei by treating the same cells with Hoechst 33342.
- P53-mAG1-PB1 shows the result of detecting a fluorescent signal derived from a protein in which the protein tag according to the present invention is fused to the C-terminal of p53, and the right panel shows the same cell as Hoechst 33342.
- the result of detecting nuclei by processing with is shown.
- the scale bar in the figure indicates 20 ⁇ m.
- a fusion protein (mAG1-p53 or p53-mAG1), in which only mAG1 is fused to the analysis target p53 as a fluorescent protein, is expressed in the cell, and p53 homomultimer formation is determined using the fluorescent bright spot as an indicator It is a microscope picture which shows the result of having analyzed whether it can do.
- “mAG1-p53” shows the result of detecting a fluorescent signal derived from a protein in which a fluorescent protein is fused to the N-terminus of p53, and the right panel shows the same cell treated with Hoechst 33342. This shows the result of detecting the nucleus.
- P53-mAG1 shows the result of detecting a fluorescent signal derived from a protein in which a fluorescent protein is fused to the C-terminal of p53.
- the right panel shows that the same cell is treated with Hoechst 33342.
- the result of detecting the nucleus is shown.
- the scale bar in the figure indicates 20 ⁇ m.
- a protein obtained by fusing the PB1 domain of the p62 protein to the N-terminus of the partial peptide of p53 to be analyzed (PB1-p53 (70)), and the PB1 domain and mAG1 of the p62 protein at the N-terminus of the MDM2 to be analyzed
- “Nutlin-3 ( ⁇ )” indicates the result of observing the cells before adding Nutrin-3, which is an inhibitor of the protein-protein interaction.
- Nutlin-3 (+), 30 min Shows the results of observing cells that had passed 30 minutes after adding Nutrin-3.
- the scale bar in the figure indicates 20 ⁇ m.
- a protein (p53 (70) -mAG1-PB1) in which the PB1 domain of mAG1 and p62 protein is fused to the C-terminus of the partial peptide of p53 to be analyzed, and the N of NDM of MDM2 to be analyzed (PB1-MDM2) fused at the end of the cell is expressed in the cell, and the photomicrograph showing the result of analyzing whether the protein-protein interaction between p53 (70) and MDM2 can be determined using the fluorescent bright spot as an index It is.
- Nutlin-3 ( ⁇ ) indicates the result of observing the cells before adding Nutrin-3, which is an inhibitor of the protein-protein interaction.
- Nutlin-3 (+), 30 min Shows the results of observing cells that had passed 30 minutes after adding Nutrin-3.
- the scale bar in the figure indicates 20 ⁇ m.
- a protein in which the PB1 domain of p62 protein and mAG1 are fused to the N-terminus of FKBP12 to be analyzed, and the PB1 domain of p62 protein at the C-terminus of the FRB domain of the mTOR protein to be analyzed
- a fusion protein (mTOR (FRB domain) -PB1) was expressed in the cell, and the protein-protein interaction between FKBP12 and mTOR (FRB domain) was analyzed to determine whether the fluorescence bright spot could be used as an indicator. It is a microscope picture which shows a result.
- Rapamycin ( ⁇ ) indicates the result of observing cells before adding rapamycin, which is an inducer of protein-protein interaction
- Rapamycin (+), 30 min indicates that rapamycin is added. Then, the result of observing the cells after 30 minutes has been shown.
- the scale bar in the figure indicates 100 ⁇ m.
- a protein (p53 (70) -mAG1-PB1) obtained by fusing the PB1 domain of mAG1 and p62 protein to the N-terminal of the partial peptide of p53 to be analyzed, and MDM2 for analysis of the PB1 domain and mAG1 of p62 protein Of (PB1-mAG1-MDM2) fused to the N-terminus of E.
- Nutlin-3 ( ⁇ ) indicates the result of observing the cells before adding Nutrin-3, which is an inhibitor of the protein-protein interaction.
- Nutlin-3 (+), 30 min Shows the results of observing cells that had passed 30 minutes after adding Nutrin-3.
- the scale bar in the figure indicates 20 ⁇ m.
- a protein obtained by fusing the PB1 domain and mAG1 of the p62 protein to the C terminus of the partial peptide of p53 to be analyzed (p53 (70) -PB1-mAG1), and the MDM2 to which the PB1 domain and mAG1 of the p62 protein are to be analyzed Of (PB1-mAG1-MDM2) fused to the N-terminus of E. coli and expressed in the cells, and analyzed whether the protein-protein interaction between p53 (70) and MDM2 can be determined using the fluorescent bright spot as an index FIG.
- “Nutlin-3 ( ⁇ )” indicates the result of observing the cells before adding Nutrin-3, which is an inhibitor of the protein-protein interaction.
- Nutlin-3 (+), 30 min Shows the results of observing cells that had passed 30 minutes after adding Nutrin-3.
- the scale bar in the figure indicates 20 ⁇ m.
- a protein mTOR (FRB domain) -mAG1-PB1 in which the PB1 domain of mAG1 and p62 protein is fused to the C-terminal of the FRB domain of the mTOR protein to be analyzed, and the PB1 domain and mAG1 of the p62 protein are analyzed.
- the scale bar in the figure indicates 20 ⁇ m.
- a protein (PB1-DG1-FKBP12 mutant, that is, PB1-DG1-FKBP12 (F36V)) obtained by fusing the PB1 domain of the p62 protein and DG1 as a fluorescent protein to the N-terminus of the FKBP12 mutant to be analyzed It was expressed whether it was expressed in the cell and the homodimer formation of the FKBP12 mutant according to the addition of the drug can be determined using the fluorescent bright spot as an index by adding the drug B / B homodimerizer to the cell. It is a microscope picture which shows a result.
- a protein obtained by fusing the SAM domain of Tankyrase1 protein and mAG1 as a protein having multimerization ability to the N-terminus of the FKBP12 mutant to be analyzed (Tankylase-mAG1-FKBP12 mutant, Tankyase-mAG1-FKBP12 (F36V )) Expressed in cells, and by adding a drug B / B homodimerizer to the cells, it is possible to determine the homodimer formation of the FKBP12 mutant in response to the drug addition using the fluorescence bright spot as an index It is a microscope picture which shows the result of having analyzed.
- the results of analyzing the cells before the addition of the drug and the cells 3 hours after the addition of the drug in order from the left are shown.
- the scale bar in the figure indicates 20 ⁇ m.
- a protein having multimerization ability a protein obtained by fusing the SAM domain of Tankylase1 protein, the PB1 domain of PKCiota protein, the SAM domain of TEL protein or the SAM domain of DGKdelta protein to the N-terminus of p53 (Tankyase-mAG1-p53) , PKCi-mAG1-p53, TEL-mAG1-p53 or DGKd-mAG1-p53) are expressed in cells, and the results of analyzing whether or not p53 homomultimer formation can be determined using a fluorescent bright spot as an index are shown.
- the scale bar in the figure indicates 20 ⁇ m.
- a protein (ERK2-mAG1-PB1) obtained by fusing the PB1 domain of mAG1 and the p62 protein to the C terminus of ERK2 is expressed in the cell, and EGF is added to the cell.
- index indicates the result of observing the cells before adding EGF
- EGF 50 ng / ml
- 8 min indicates the cells that have passed 8 minutes after the addition of EGF. The observation result is shown.
- the scale bar in the figure indicates 20 ⁇ m.
- a cell in which a protein (ERK2-PB1-mAG1) in which the PB1 domain and mAG1 of the p62 protein are fused to the C-terminus of ERK2 was constitutively expressed was observed 8 minutes after the addition of EGF.
- 5 is a photomicrograph showing the result of analyzing whether or not formation of a homodimer of ERK2 according to the above can be determined using a fluorescent bright spot as an index.
- the scale bar in the figure indicates 20 ⁇ m.
- a protein obtained by fusing the PB1 domain of p62 protein and mAG1 to the N-terminus of STAT3 (PB1-mAG1-STAT3) was expressed in the cell, and IL-6 was added to the cell, so that the addition was performed.
- PB1-mAG1 a fusion protein containing the PB1 domain of p62 protein and mAG1
- P53-PB1 indicates a protein obtained by fusing the PB1 domain of the p62 protein to a part of C-terminal of the p53 protein
- PB1-MDM2 indicates that the PB1 domain of the p62 protein is present at the N-terminal of MDM2.
- a fused protein is indicated, and “PB1” indicates the PB1 domain of the p62 protein.
- the scale bar in the figure indicates 20 ⁇ m, and the arrow indicates the detected fluorescent bright spot.
- a protein obtained by fusing the PB1 domain of the p62 protein to the N-terminus or C-terminus of mTOR (FRB domain) (PB1-mTOR (FRB domain) or mTOR (FRB domain) -PB1), and the PB1 domain of the p62 protein as FKBP12 A protein (PB1-FKBP12 or FKBP12-PB1) fused to the N terminus or C terminus and the PB1 domain (mAG1-PB1) of the p62 protein fused with mAG1 to the N terminus are represented by the following (A) to (D ) Is a photomicrograph showing the result of analyzing whether or not the protein-protein interaction between FKBP12 and mTOR (FRB domain) can be determined using a fluorescent bright spot as an index.
- rapamycin before adding rapamycin indicates the result of observing cells before adding rapamycin, which is an inducer of protein-protein interaction
- rapamycin (500 nM), room temperature 60 min” indicates that rapamycin is added. The result of having observed the cell which passed for 60 minutes since then is shown.
- the scale bar in the figure indicates 20 ⁇ m.
- A PB1-mTOR (FRB domain), PB1-FKBP12 and mAG1-PB1
- B PB1-mTOR (FRB domain), FKBP12-PB1 and mAG1-PB1
- C mTOR (FRB domain) 1-PB1PB, PB1PB And mAG1-PB1
- D mTOR (FRB domain) -PB1, FKBP12-PB1, and mAG1-PB1.
- a protein obtained by fusing the FRB domain of the mTOR protein as an affinity tag to the N-terminus of CD80 to be analyzed (CD80-FRB), FKBP12 as a binding partner of the affinity tag, and PB1 of the p62 protein as a protein having multimerization ability
- CD80-FRB A protein obtained by fusing the FRB domain of the mTOR protein as an affinity tag to the N-terminus of CD80 to be analyzed
- FKBP12 as a binding partner of the affinity tag
- PB1 of the p62 protein as a protein having multimerization ability
- the upper panel shows the result of analyzing the above-mentioned CD80
- the lower panel shows the result of analyzing using CD2 instead of CD80 as a negative control.
- the scale bar in the figure indicates 20 ⁇ m.
- the left panel shows the results
- the right panel shows the results of analysis without expressing p65-PB1 as a negative control.
- the scale bar in the figure indicates 20 ⁇ m.
- a protein obtained by fusing mAG1 to the N-terminus of CyclinD1 to be analyzed (mAG1-CyclinD1)
- a protein obtained by fusing the PB1 domain of the p62 protein to the C-terminus of p21 to be analyzed (p21-PB1)
- CDK4-PB1 fused with the C-terminal of CDK4 to be analyzed
- the PB1 domain of the p62 protein the formation of a trimer consisting of CyclinD1, p21 and CDK4, It is a microscope picture which shows the result of having analyzed whether it can judge as a parameter
- the left panel shows the results
- the middle panel shows the results of analysis by expressing only PB1 instead of CDK4-PB1 as a negative control
- the right panel shows CDK4 as a negative control.
- the scale bar in the figure indicates 20 ⁇ m.
- the left panel shows the results of analyzing the cells before the addition of histamine
- the middle panel shows the results of analyzing the cells 60 seconds after the addition of histamine
- the right panel shows the results of analyzing histamine.
- the result of having analyzed the cell 300 seconds after adding is shown.
- the scale bar in the figure indicates 20 ⁇ m.
- a protein obtained by fusing mUkG1 as a fluorescent protein to the C terminus of calmodulin to be analyzed (Calmodulin-mUkG1) and a protein obtained by fusing the PB1 domain of the p62 protein to the C terminus of the M13 peptide to be analyzed (M13 peptide- Results of analyzing whether or not heterotetramer formation consisting of calmodulin and M13 peptide can be determined by adding histamine that induces the tetramer formation and using the fluorescence bright spot as an indicator in cells expressing PB1)
- the left panel shows the results of analyzing the cells before addition of histamine
- the right panel shows the results of analyzing the cells 60 seconds after the addition of histamine.
- the scale bar in the figure indicates 20 ⁇ m.
- DGKd-mAG1-MDM2 fused with the N-terminus of MDM2
- the left panel shows the results of analyzing the cells before the addition of Nutrin-3
- the right panel shows the results of analyzing the cells 60 minutes after the addition of Nutrin-3.
- the scale bar in the figure indicates 10 ⁇ m (hereinafter, the notation in the figure is the same as in FIGS. 38 to 45).
- TEL protein SAM domain as a protein having multimerization ability
- TEL-mAG1-MDM2 a protein obtained by fusing mAG1 to the N-terminus of MDM2, p53 and It is a microscope picture which shows the result of having analyzed whether protein-protein interaction with MDM2 can be determined by using a fluorescence luminescent spot as a parameter
- FIG. 5 is a photomicrograph showing the results of analyzing whether the protein-protein interaction between p53 and MDM2 can be determined using a fluorescent bright spot as an index in cells expressing Tankyase-mAG1-p53 and DGKd-mAG1-MDM2.
- FIG. 5 is a photomicrograph showing the results of analyzing whether or not the protein-protein interaction between p53 and MDM2 can be determined using a fluorescent bright spot as an index in cells expressing Tankyase-mAG1-p53 and TEL-mAG1-MDM2. .
- FIG. 5 is a photomicrograph showing the results of analyzing whether or not the protein-protein interaction between p53 and MDM2 can be determined using a fluorescent bright spot as an index in cells expressing DGKd-mAG1-p53 and TEL-mAG1-MDM2. .
- SAM domain of TEL protein as a protein having multimerization ability and a protein (TEL-mAG1-p53) obtained by fusing mAG1 to the N-terminus of p53, SAM domain of Tankyrase1 protein and mAG1 as proteins having multimerization ability was analyzed whether the protein-protein interaction between p53 and MDM2 can be determined using a fluorescent bright spot as an index in cells expressing a protein (Takyrase-mAG1-MDM2) fused with NDM of MDM2. It is a microscope picture which shows a result.
- FIG. 5 is a photomicrograph showing the results of analyzing whether or not the protein-protein interaction between p53 and MDM2 can be determined using a fluorescent bright spot as an index in cells expressing TEL-mAG1-p53 and DGKd-mAG1-MDM2. .
- the first aspect of the method for determining protein-protein interactions of the present invention comprises: Expressing in a cell a first fusion protein comprising a first protein, a protein having multimerization ability and a fluorescent protein, and a second fusion protein comprising a second protein and a protein having multimerization ability, or Introducing into the cell (1); Detecting a fluorescent bright spot generated by the association of the first fusion protein and the second fusion protein in the cell (2); And a step (3) of determining an interaction between the first protein and the second protein by detecting the fluorescent bright spot.
- the first fusion protein including the first protein, the protein having multimerization ability and the fluorescent protein, the second protein and having multimerization ability
- a second fusion protein containing a protein is expressed in a cell or introduced into a cell, if the first protein and the second protein interact, a large amount of proteins having multimerization ability Body formation is induced, whereby the fusion protein forms an aggregate autonomously, and the fluorescent protein contained in the fusion protein is detected as a fluorescent bright spot (see FIGS. 1 and 2).
- protein means a molecule in which two or more amino acids are bound by peptide bonds and a modified form thereof. Therefore, the concept includes not only full-length proteins but also so-called oligopeptides and polypeptides.
- protein modifications include phosphorylation, glycosylation, palmitoylation, prenylation (eg, geranylgeranylation), methylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, hydroxylation, and amidation.
- first protein and the “second protein” a desired protein whose interaction is to be detected can be used. Further, the first protein and the second protein may be different or the same, but as shown in Examples 1 to 12 and Comparative Example 1 described later, according to the method of the present invention, Since formation and elimination (disappearance) of homomultimers can be determined efficiently, the method of the present invention is more useful when the first protein and the second protein are the same.
- the “interaction between the first protein and the second protein” includes not only a direct interaction but also other molecules (protein, Indirect interactions such as formation of complexes via nucleic acids, sugars, lipids, low molecular weight compounds, etc.) are also included.
- the “protein having multimerization ability” according to the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a protein capable of forming a multimer, but from the viewpoint that a fluorescent bright spot can be detected more easily in the method of the present invention, a trimer.
- a protein capable of forming the above multimer is preferable.
- Examples of such a protein capable of multimerization include the PB1 domain of p62, the PB1 domain of TFG, the PB1 domain of PKCiota, the SAM domain of TEL, the SAM domain of DGKdelta, and the SAM domain of Tankyase-1.
- the PB1 domain of p62 is more preferable from the viewpoint that a fluorescent bright spot can be detected more easily in the method of the present invention because a homo tetramer to octamer is formed.
- the p62 PB1 domain, the TFG PB1 domain, the PKCiota PB1 domain, the TEL SAM domain, the DGKdelta SAM domain, and the Tankyrase-1 SAM domain are each typically an amino acid identified by SEQ ID NO: 2.
- amino acid sequences of these “proteins capable of multimerization” can be mutated in nature (that is, non-artificially), and can be artificially introduced. As long as such a mutant also has the ability to multimerize and has the property of forming an aggregate (fluorescence bright spot) when the fused first and second proteins interact, the present invention Can be used.
- the “fluorescent protein” may be any protein that can emit fluorescence. , MUkG), monomeric Kusisten-Orange2 (monomer wedge orange 2 and mKO2), monomeric Keima-Red (monomer Keima-Red, mKeima, mKeima-Red), monomeric Midoriishimide-Cimono-Chimoni-Chimoni-Chimoni-Chimoni-Chimoni 1, mMiCy), monomeric Kusecuring-Orange 1 (monomer wedge orange 1, mKO1), monomeri Cherry (monomer cherry, mCherry), FusionRed (Fusion Red), Dronpa-Green1 (Dronpa Green 1, DG1), Midoriishi-Cyan1 (Midoriishi-Cyan1, MiCy1), Kushira-Cyan1 (Kushira-Cyan1, Kwabi-Cyan1) ), Dimeric Azami-Green (
- the fluorescent protein is a protein capable of forming a multimer
- it is fused with the above-mentioned protein having multimerization ability.
- monomer fluorescent proteins mAG1, mUkG, mKO2 MKeima, mMiCy, mKO1, mCherry, FusionRed, DG1, etc.
- mAG1 and FusionRed are more preferred, and mAG1 is more preferred.
- mAG1, mUkG, mKO2, mKeima, mMiCy, mKO1, MiCy1, KCy1, dAG (AB), KO1, dKeima, TGuv, mCherry, FusionRed, and DG1 are typically represented by SEQ ID NO: 14, respectively.
- Genbank accession number: AB128821 a protein consisting of the amino acid sequence specified by Genbank accession number: AB128821, and a Genbank accession number: specified by AB128822 Protein consisting of amino acid sequence, protein consisting of amino acid sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 22, protein consisting of amino acid sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 24, Genbank accession number: protein consisting of amino acid sequence specified by AB128820, Genbank access Section number: protein consisting of amino acid sequence specified by AB209968, protein consisting of amino acid sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 26, GenBank accession number: protein consisting of amino acid sequence specified by AAV52164, SEQ ID NO: 40 A protein consisting of an amino acid sequence and a protein consisting of an amino acid sequence specified by GenBank Accession No. BAD72874.
- amino acid sequences of these fluorescent proteins can be mutated in nature (ie, non-artificially). It is also possible to introduce mutations artificially. Such a mutant can also be used in the present invention as long as it can emit fluorescence.
- chemiluminescent proteins such as luciferase can also be used instead of the aforementioned fluorescent proteins.
- a fluorescent protein emits an electromagnetic wave (light) that is emitted when the electrons of the protein are excited by irradiation with electromagnetic waves and return to the ground state (photo luminescence).
- a chemiluminescent protein emits electromagnetic waves (light) by excitation of electrons of a luminescent substrate by a chemical reaction catalyzed by the protein.
- the chemiluminescent protein can also be used in the present invention.
- a luciferase is mentioned, As a suitable example, Promega NanoLuc (trademark, Nluc) luciferase (made by Promega Corporation), Gaussia luciferase (Gaussia luciferase, Chem) Sci., 2013, Vol. 4, pages 4395-4400).
- the fluorescent protein instead of the above-described fluorescent protein, the fluorescent protein emits electromagnetic waves (light) by the energy of chemical reaction. Commun., 2012, Vol. 3, page 1262) may also be used.
- a protein that specifically binds to a fluorescent dye can be used instead of the fluorescent protein. This is because such a protein can be used as a fluorescent protein by expressing it in the cell and introducing the fluorescent dye into the cell.
- a protein that specifically binds to such a fluorescent dye is HaloTag (manufactured by Promega Corporation).
- the “first fusion protein” includes the first protein, the protein having multimerization ability, and the fluorescent protein, and does not inhibit the formation of an aggregate (fluorescent bright spot) with the second fusion protein.
- the first protein, the protein having multimerization ability and the fluorescent protein are fused in order from the N-terminal side, the first protein, the fluorescent protein and the protein having multimerization ability may be used.
- a protein having a multimerization ability, a first protein and a fluorescent protein, and a protein having a multimerization ability, a fluorescent protein and a second protein. 1 protein may be fused, fluorescent protein, first protein and protein having multimerization ability It may be those formed by fusion Te, fluorescent protein, or may be formed by fusion at a protein having a large amount Kano and first protein.
- the “second fusion protein” includes a second protein and a protein having multimerization ability, and unless the formation of an association (fluorescence bright spot) with the first fusion protein is inhibited.
- a protein having quantification ability may be fused to either the N-terminal or C-terminal of the second protein.
- the second fusion protein is preferably a fusion protein further containing a fluorescent protein (see FIG. 2).
- the fluorescent protein can be fused between the N-terminal and / or C-terminal of the fusion protein, or between the second protein and the protein having multimerization ability.
- the fluorescent protein contained in the second fusion protein is as described above, and may be the same as or different from the fluorescent protein contained in the first fusion protein. From the viewpoint that it is possible to track changes in the intracellular localization of each of the first protein and the second protein according to the occurrence and cancellation of the interaction, the fluorescent protein contained in the first fusion protein and the second protein It is preferably different from the fluorescent protein contained in the fusion protein. Moreover, the expression level of each of the first protein and the second protein can also be measured by using different fluorescent proteins that are spectroscopic in this way. Furthermore, different fluorescent proteins are present at high concentrations inside the aggregate (fluorescent bright spot) and will be very close together, so FRET or fluorescence reabsorption can occur.
- the protein-protein interaction can be determined by measuring the intensity of the fluorescence emitted from the fluorescence bright spot as a result of FRET or fluorescence reabsorption without imaging or the like.
- fluorescence reabsorption see “Fluorescence Imaging Revolution (27th) FRET to distinguish FRET from reabsorption”, Cell Engineering 25 (1), 67-69, 2006-01).
- the fusion between each protein may be direct or indirect via a linker or a spacer protein. Also good. Moreover, as long as formation of an aggregate (fluorescence bright spot) is not inhibited, other functional proteins may be included.
- the other functional protein is N-terminal, C-terminal or both sides of the fusion protein, or the first protein or the second protein, the protein having multimerization ability and the fluorescent protein, It can be fused directly or indirectly.
- the function to give to the fusion protein concerning this invention it selects suitably.
- functional proteins used for the purpose of facilitating purification of the fusion protein include Myc-tag (tag) protein, His-tag protein, hemagglutin (HA) -tag protein, FLAG-tag protein (registered trademark, Sigma- Aldrich), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) protein.
- the “cell” according to the present invention is not particularly limited and may be a eukaryotic cell or a prokaryotic cell.
- animal cells HEK293 cells, U2OS cells, Hela cells, etc.
- insect cells Sf9 cells, etc.
- plant cells yeast, E. coli.
- such cells may be cultured in vitro (for example, cells growing in or on the medium), and are present in the living body (for example, encoding the first fusion protein). Or a cell in a transgenic animal into which the DNA encoding the second fusion protein has been introduced).
- the fusion protein etc. concerning this invention will be normally introduce
- the expression of the fusion protein in the cell may be a transient expression or a constant expression depending on the purpose.
- Expression of the fusion protein in the cell can be performed by introducing the vector according to the present invention described later into the cell.
- Known methods for introducing vectors into cells include lipofection, electroporation, calcium phosphate, DEAE-dextran, viruses (such as adenovirus, lentivirus, adeno-associated virus), microinjection for animal cells.
- viruses such as adenovirus, lentivirus, adeno-associated virus
- microinjection for animal cells.
- the method using the law is mentioned.
- insect cells a method using baculovirus can be mentioned.
- the Agrobacterium method, electroporation method, particle gun method and the like can be mentioned.
- the lithium acetate method, electroporation method, and spheroplast method can be used.
- heat shock methods for example, calcium chloride method, rubidium chloride method, electroporation methods and the like can be mentioned.
- the fusion protein can be introduced into the cells by appropriately selecting a known method according to the type of cell by those skilled in the art.
- Known methods for introducing a protein into cells include, for example, a method using a protein introduction reagent, an electroporation method, and a microinjection method.
- the “fluorescent bright spot” detected in the present invention is one in which, as a result of the protein-protein interaction according to the present invention, high-density localization of the fluorescent protein contained in the aggregate occurs due to the formation of the aggregate such as a fusion protein.
- the diameter is 0.2-5 ⁇ m (0.03-20 ⁇ m 2 ). It is an area.
- Fluorescence bright spot detection can be performed by, for example, observation with a fluorescence microscope equipped with an excitation filter and an absorption filter corresponding to a fluorescent protein, and analysis with an imaging cytometer such as IN Cell Analyzer (manufactured by GE Healthcare). it can. Further, the fluorescent bright spot can be detected by processing the obtained image with an image analysis program (for example, an icy spot detection program described later). In addition, in the detection of such fluorescent luminescent spots, filters, detectors, various parameters, etc. are selected in accordance with the characteristics of the fluorescent luminescent spots to be detected (the wavelength and intensity of the fluorescence emitted by the fluorescent luminescent spots) and the devices and programs used. Selection and setting can be appropriately performed by those skilled in the art.
- the spot detection analysis program Icy. 5.4.2 J.-C.Olivo-Marin “Extraction of spots in biologics images using multiscale products”, Pattern recognition, vol. 35-9, 1989-1996 i. ”computed by the analysis program” that can be detected by the set value Spot Detector plug-in (conditions when all of Scale1, Scale2, and Scale3 are checked and the sensitivity is set to 100).
- Per unit fluorescence intensity is the background (for example, the same fluorescence intensity value in a negative control cell) Even without 2.0 times or more, more preferably 2.5 times or more, even more preferably 5.0 times or more, especially if preferably 10 times or more, it can be determined that could be detected fluorescent bright spots.
- the fluorescent bright spot if the fluorescent bright spot is detected in a cell, it can be determined that the first protein and the second protein interact, and the fluorescent bright spot must be detected. For example, it can be determined that the first protein and the second protein are not interacting with each other.
- the method for determining the protein-protein interaction of the present invention is not limited to the above-described aspect.
- the first fusion protein and the second fusion protein are each divided and expressed in a cell or introduced into a cell, and then the protein-protein interaction through reconstitution of each fusion protein in the cell.
- the present invention can also take the following second to fifth embodiments.
- a second aspect of the method for determining protein-protein interactions of the present invention comprises: A method for detecting an interaction between a first protein and a second protein, comprising the following steps (1) to (3): (1) having the first protein and multimerization ability A third fusion protein comprising a protein, a fourth fusion protein comprising a second protein and a protein having multimerization ability, and a fifth fusion protein comprising a protein having multimerization ability and a fluorescent protein, (2) a step of detecting a fluorescent bright spot generated by association of the third fusion protein, the fourth fusion protein, and the fifth fusion protein in the cell (2) 3) A step of determining an interaction between the first protein and the second protein by detecting the fluorescent bright spot.
- the first protein and the third fusion protein containing the protein having multimerization ability, the second protein and the protein having multimerization ability are included.
- the fourth fusion protein and the fifth fusion protein containing a multimerizing protein and a fluorescent protein are expressed in the cell or introduced into the cell, the proteins having the multimerizing ability associate with each other.
- the third fusion protein and the fifth fusion protein bind to each other, and the fourth fusion protein and the fifth fusion protein bind to each other, which correspond to the first fusion protein and the second fusion protein, respectively. Protein expressed in the cells (see FIG. 3).
- the fusion protein autonomously forms an aggregate, and the fluorescent protein contained in the fusion protein is detected as a fluorescent bright spot.
- the “third fusion protein” and the “fourth fusion protein” according to the present invention include the first protein and the protein having multimerization ability, and the second protein and the protein having multimerization ability, respectively. As long as the formation of aggregates (fluorescent bright spots) is not inhibited, the protein having multimerization ability may be fused to either the N-terminus or C-terminus of the first protein or the second protein. In the “third fusion protein” and the “fourth fusion protein”, the fusion between the proteins may be direct, or indirectly via a linker or a spacer protein. There may be.
- the “third fusion protein” and the “fourth fusion protein” may each contain other functional proteins as long as they do not inhibit the formation of aggregates (fluorescent bright spots).
- the other functional protein is either directly or both of the N-terminal and / or C-terminal of the fusion protein, or directly between the first protein or the second protein and the protein having multimerization ability. Can be fused either indirectly or indirectly.
- the “fifth fusion protein” only needs to contain a protein having a multimerization ability and a fluorescent protein. May be fused to either the N-terminus or C-terminus of the fluorescent protein. Moreover, the fusion between each protein may be direct, or may be indirect via a linker or a spacer protein.
- the “fifth fusion protein” may contain other functional proteins as long as the formation of aggregates (fluorescent bright spots) is not inhibited.
- the other functional protein is fused directly or indirectly between the N-terminal and / or C-terminal of the fusion protein, or between the protein having multimerization ability and the fluorescent protein. Can do.
- a third aspect of the method for determining protein-protein interaction of the present invention is a method comprising the following steps (1) to (3).
- a first labeled protein comprising an affinity tag and a first protein
- a second labeled protein comprising an affinity tag and a second protein
- a binding partner having affinity for the affinity tag A step of expressing or introducing into the cell a sixth fusion protein containing a protein that binds and has multimerization ability and a fluorescent protein
- First labeling in the cell A step of detecting a fluorescent bright spot generated by association of the protein, the second labeled protein, and the sixth fusion protein to which the binding partner is bound (3). Determining the interaction between the protein and the second protein.
- the first labeled protein containing the affinity tag and the first protein, the second labeled protein containing the affinity tag and the second protein, When a binding partner having an affinity for the affinity tag is bound and a sixth fusion protein including a protein having multimerization ability and a fluorescent protein is expressed in the cell or introduced into the cell
- the affinity tag and the binding partner bind to each other, thereby binding the first labeled protein to the sixth fusion protein to which the binding partner is bound, and the second labeled protein and 1 and 2 by binding to the sixth fusion protein to which the binding partner is bound.
- Proteins, each corresponding to is to be expressed in the said cell the first and second fusion proteins shown (see FIG. 4).
- the fusion protein autonomously forms an aggregate, and the fluorescent protein contained in the fusion protein is detected as a fluorescent bright spot.
- the “affinity tag” and “binding partner” according to the present invention are not particularly limited as long as they are compounds capable of binding in a cell and can bind to a protein, and are known to interact, for example.
- a combination of proteins can be used.
- the FRB domain of FTOR, FKBP12, and the like, which are shown in Examples below, are preferably used, and phytochrome B (PHYB) and phy-chrome bond that bind depending on light irradiation.
- PEF cryptochrome 2
- CRC1 cryptochrome-binding bHLH1
- CIB1 cryptochrome-binding bHLH1
- LOV and ePDZ cryptochrome-binding bHLH1
- Dronpa145K-CAAX mNeptune, and the like
- subunits constituting enzymes such as dihydrofolate reductase, ⁇ -galactosidase, ⁇ -lactamase, firefly luciferase, and Gaussia luciferase can also be suitably used.
- affinity tag and binding partner not only utilize such known protein-protein interaction, but also include, for example, biotin and avidin, lectin and sugar, protein A (or G ) And immunoglobin constant regions, antigens and antibodies can also be used.
- the binding between the affinity tag and the binding partner may be spontaneous, such as an antigen-antibody reaction, or may be induced in response to a stimulus.
- the stimulus for inducing such binding for example, low molecular weight compounds such as rapamycin that induces the binding between the FRB domain of the mTOR protein and FKBP12, light irradiation that induces the binding of PHYB and PIF, etc. Is mentioned.
- the stimulus may be given to the cell during the step (1) or during the steps (1) and (2). Necessary.
- first labeled protein and the “second labeled protein” according to the present invention may be any one in which the first protein and the second protein are each labeled with an affinity tag.
- the affinity tag may be bound to any one of the N-terminal, C-terminal, and further the intermediate region of the first protein or the second protein as long as the formation of the fluorescent bright spot is not inhibited.
- the “sixth fusion protein” according to the present invention only needs to include the protein having the multimerization ability and the fluorescent protein and to which the binding partner is bound. As long as the formation is not inhibited, the binding partner may be bound to any of the N-terminal, C-terminal and even the intermediate region of the sixth fusion protein.
- the fusion between the proteins may be direct, or may be indirect via a linker or a spacer protein.
- the “binding” of the affinity tag or binding partner to each protein is not particularly limited, and may be binding at the gene level or chemical binding.
- the binding at the gene level is a so-called “fusion” as shown in the examples described above or below, and the DNA encoding the affinity tag or binding partner is exchanged with the first protein, the second protein or the sixth fusion. This is achieved by adding or inserting the reading frame together with DNA encoding the protein.
- the chemical bond may be a covalent bond or a non-covalent bond.
- the “covalent bond” is not particularly limited.
- an amide bond between an amino group and a carboxyl group For example, an amide bond between an amino group and a carboxyl group, an alkylamine bond between an amino group and an alkyl halide group, a disulfide bond between thiols, a thiol group and a maleimide group or an alkyl halide. And a thioester bond with the group.
- the first labeled protein, the second labeled protein, and the sixth fusion protein all contain other functional proteins as long as they do not inhibit the formation of aggregates (fluorescent bright spots). Also good.
- the other functional protein is directly connected between the N-terminal and / or C-terminal of each protein, or between the constituent proteins (for example, a protein capable of multimerization and a fluorescent protein). Or it can be indirectly fused.
- a fourth aspect of the method for determining protein-protein interaction of the present invention is a method comprising the following steps (1) to (3).
- a second partial peptide that can be reconstituted by a fluorescent protein by binding to the first partial peptide, and a ninth fusion protein containing a protein having multimerization ability, are expressed in the cell or introduced into the cell
- the step of detecting the fluorescence bright spot generated by the association of the seventh fusion protein, the eighth fusion protein, and the ninth fusion protein in the cell (3) The detection of the fluorescence bright spot Determining the interaction between the first protein and the second protein.
- the first partial peptide constituting the fluorescent protein and the seventh fusion protein containing the first protein, and the first partial peptide constituting the fluorescent protein and the eighth protein containing the second protein A fusion protein, a second partial peptide that can be reconstituted by a fluorescent protein by binding to the first partial peptide, and a ninth fusion protein containing a protein having multimerization ability were expressed in cells.
- the reconstitution causes the fluorescent protein to be expressed in the cell.
- the fusion protein autonomously forms an aggregate, and the fluorescent protein contained in the fusion protein is detected as a fluorescent bright spot.
- first partial peptide and the “second partial peptide” may be any one that can reconstitute a fluorescent protein by binding these peptides in a cell.
- “reconstruction” refers to a state in which a plurality of partial peptides bind to each other so that the protein that they originally constituted can function (for example, fluorescent protein is fluorescent. It means that the protein can be released, and if it is a protein having multimerization ability, it returns to a state in which a multimer can be formed.
- Such a reconfigurable partial peptide can be appropriately designed and prepared by those skilled in the art, for example, referring to the description of Cabantous S et al., Nature Biotechnology, 2005, 23, 102-107. can do.
- the first partial peptide and the second partial peptide may be selected from three or more fragments.
- the fragments not used as the first and second partial peptides are expressed in the cell or introduced into the cell during the step (1) or the steps (1) and (2). There is a need.
- the first partial peptide and the second partial peptide may be fused to either the N-terminal or C-terminal of the first or second protein and the protein having multimerization ability.
- the fusion between the proteins may be direct, and indirectly via a linker or a spacer protein. It may be natural.
- any of the seventh fusion protein, the eighth fusion protein, and the ninth fusion protein may contain other functional proteins as long as they do not inhibit the formation of aggregates (fluorescent bright spots).
- the other functional protein is N-terminal, C-terminal or both sides of each fusion protein, or between constituent proteins (for example, the first partial peptide and the first or second protein). Between the second partial peptide and the protein capable of multimerization) directly or indirectly.
- limiting in particular as another functional protein According to the function to give to the fusion protein concerning this invention like the above-mentioned 1st and 2nd fusion protein, it selects suitably.
- a fifth aspect of the method for determining protein-protein interaction of the present invention is a method comprising the following steps (1) to (3).
- An eleventh fusion protein comprising: a fourth partial peptide that can be reconstituted by a protein having multimerization ability by binding to a third partial peptide; and a twelfth fusion protein comprising a fluorescent protein, (2) a step of detecting a fluorescent bright spot generated by association of the tenth fusion protein, the eleventh fusion protein, and the twelfth fusion protein in the cell (2) 3) A step of determining an interaction between the first protein and the second protein by detecting the fluorescent bright spot.
- the 1st protein and the 2nd protein interact like the method of using the 1st fusion protein and the 2nd fusion protein mentioned above, between the proteins which have the recombination multimerization ability Multimer formation is induced, whereby the fusion protein autonomously forms an aggregate, and the fluorescent protein contained in the fusion protein is detected as a fluorescent bright spot.
- any peptide can be used as long as it can reconstitute a protein having multimerization ability by binding these peptides in the cell.
- a person skilled in the art will know, as described above, Ohashi K, et al., Biotechniques. 2012, 52, No. 1, pages 45-50, and the like, such partial peptides can be appropriately designed and prepared.
- the third partial peptide and the fourth partial peptide may be fused to either the N-terminal or C-terminal of the first or second protein and the protein having multimerization ability, respectively.
- the fusion between the proteins may be direct, or indirectly via a linker or a spacer protein. It may be a natural one.
- the tenth fusion protein, the eleventh fusion protein and the twelfth fusion protein may all contain other functional proteins as long as they do not inhibit the formation of aggregates (fluorescent bright spots).
- the other functional protein is N-terminal, C-terminal or both sides of each fusion protein, or between constituent proteins (for example, the third partial peptide and the first or second protein). Between the fourth partial peptide and the fluorescent protein) directly or indirectly.
- limiting in particular as another functional protein According to the function to give to the fusion protein concerning this invention like the above-mentioned 1st and 2nd fusion protein, it selects suitably.
- the second to fifth aspects of the method for determining protein-protein interaction of the present invention have been described above.
- the first fusion protein and the second fusion protein are each divided. Therefore, the molecular weight of the tag such as a protein fused to the first or second protein to be analyzed can be reduced. Therefore, in the determination of the protein-protein interaction and the like, the function of the protein to be analyzed, the change in localization, and the like are less likely to be inhibited.
- the present invention can be applied in accordance with stimulation such as addition of a compound or light irradiation.
- stimulation such as addition of a compound or light irradiation.
- Method 6 for detecting protein-protein interaction When the analysis object is three or more proteins, the method including the following steps (1) to (3) is applied to the method for determining protein-protein interaction by applying the first aspect described above. As a sixth aspect, the present invention can also be provided.
- a thirteenth fusion protein containing a first protein and a protein having multimerization ability, a fourteenth fusion protein containing a second protein and a protein having multimerization ability, a third protein and a fluorescent protein A step (2) of expressing a fifteenth fusion protein containing the protein in the cell or introducing the fifteenth fusion protein into the cell by the association of the thirteenth fusion protein, the fourteenth fusion protein and the fifteenth fusion protein in the cell; Step of detecting fluorescent spot (3) A step of determining an interaction between the first protein, the second protein and the third protein by detecting the fluorescent spot.
- the 13th fusion protein containing the first protein and the protein having multimerization ability, the second protein and the protein having multimerization ability are included.
- the fourteenth fusion protein and the fifteenth fusion protein including the third protein and the fluorescent protein are expressed in the cell or introduced into the cell, the first protein, the second protein, and the third protein
- the formation of multimers between proteins having multimerization ability is induced, whereby the fusion protein autonomously forms an aggregate,
- the contained fluorescent protein is detected as a fluorescent bright spot (see FIG. 7).
- a desired protein whose interaction is desired to be detected can be used in the same manner as the first and second proteins described above. Further, the first protein, the second protein, and the third protein may be different, two of them may be the same, or all three may be the same.
- the “interaction between the first protein, the second protein, and the third protein” includes not only a direct interaction but also other molecules (protein, nucleic acid, sugar, lipid) between proteins. Indirect interaction such as formation of a complex via a low molecular weight compound or the like) is also included.
- the “13th fusion protein” may be any protein including the first protein and the protein having the multimerization ability, and the “14th fusion protein” may include the second protein and the multiple protein. What is necessary is just a protein containing the protein which has quantification ability. In these fusion proteins, as long as the formation of aggregates (fluorescent spots) is not inhibited, the protein having the multimerization ability may be fused to either the N-terminus or C-terminus of the first or second protein, Further, the fusion between the proteins may be direct, or indirect via a linker or a spacer protein.
- the “fifteenth fusion protein” may be a protein containing a third protein and the fluorescent protein, and the fluorescent protein is a third protein as long as it does not inhibit the formation of an aggregate (fluorescent bright spot). It may be fused to either the N-terminus or C-terminus of the protein. Moreover, the fusion between proteins may be direct, or indirect via a linker or a spacer protein.
- the present invention can also provide the following method as a seventh aspect for determining protein-protein interaction.
- a method for determining an interaction between a first protein and a second protein, wherein the protein having the first multimerization ability is different from the protein having the second multimerization ability and A method comprising the following steps (1) to (3) (1) A 16th fusion protein comprising a first protein, a first protein having multimerization ability and a fluorescent protein, a second protein and a second protein Step (2) of expressing or introducing into a cell a 17th fusion protein containing a protein having quantification ability (2) Fluorescence generated by association of the 16th fusion protein and the 17th fusion protein in the cell Step of detecting a bright spot (3) A step of determining an interaction between the first protein and the second protein by detecting the fluorescent bright spot.
- the “16th fusion protein” and the “17th fusion protein” according to the present invention are different in proteins having a multimerization ability (a protein having a first multimerization ability and a protein having a second multimerization ability). Except for this point, the above-mentioned first fusion protein and second fusion protein are the same proteins. The same applies to the first protein and the second protein, and these proteins may be different or the same. However, as shown in Examples described later, the protein-protein interaction of the present invention is demonstrated. The seventh aspect for determination is more useful when the first protein and the second protein are different.
- this invention can also provide the method shown below using these methods.
- the method of the present invention determines not only the occurrence of protein-protein interactions but also the disappearance of protein-protein interactions using the presence or absence of fluorescent bright spots as an index. can do. In addition, the occurrence of such protein-protein interactions can be followed over time. Furthermore, in the present invention, the protein-protein interaction can be determined in any region in the cell without being affected by the localization of the protein having multimerization ability or the fluorescent protein.
- the present invention provides a method for determining the occurrence or disappearance of a protein-protein interaction, the time until the interaction occurs or disappears, or the duration of the interaction by detecting a fluorescent bright spot. be able to.
- the present invention it is also possible to specify a region in a cell where the protein-protein interaction occurs. Further, according to the present invention, through the determination of “occurrence or disappearance of protein-protein interaction”, the occurrence and disappearance of signal transduction involving the protein-protein interaction, the time until the occurrence or disappearance of the signal transduction, and the The duration of signal transduction can be determined, and the region in the cell where the signal transduction occurs can also be identified. In addition, the interaction between the first protein and the second protein (or the interaction between the first protein, the second protein, and the third protein) occurs or disappears in response to a specific stimulus. Even so, it can be determined in the present invention.
- the present invention detects the fluorescent bright spot according to the present invention, thereby generating or disappearing a protein-protein interaction in response to a specific stimulus, the time until the interaction occurs or disappears, or the interaction
- a method for detecting the fluorescent bright spot can also be provided.
- the “specific stimulus” may be a stimulus capable of directly or indirectly inducing or inhibiting a protein-protein interaction, and a stimulus by an endogenous factor generated in a cell (for example, intracellular calcium Increase or decrease of ion concentration, activation or inactivation of an enzyme), or external stimulation applied to a cell (for example, administration of a ligand (agonist or antagonist) to a receptor to a cell).
- an endogenous factor generated in a cell for example, intracellular calcium Increase or decrease of ion concentration, activation or inactivation of an enzyme
- external stimulation applied to a cell for example, administration of a ligand (agonist or antagonist) to a receptor to a cell.
- the method of the present invention it is also possible to determine the generation or disappearance of a specific stimulus, the time until the occurrence or disappearance of the stimulus, or the duration of the stimulus by detecting the fluorescent bright spot.
- the method of the present invention it is also possible to determine the increase or decrease in protein-protein interaction according to the degree of a specific stimulus (for example, the concentration when the specific stimulus is a drug).
- a specific stimulus for example, the concentration when the specific stimulus is a drug
- the 50% effective concentration (EC50) and 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of that drug on protein-protein interactions can be determined by the present invention.
- the present invention is a method for screening a protein that interacts with a specific protein, wherein one of the first protein and the second protein is the specific protein, and the other is the test protein.
- the method is a method for screening a protein that interacts with a specific protein, wherein two of the first to third proteins are selected from the proteins.
- test protein is not particularly limited. From the viewpoint that a protein that interacts with a specific protein can be selected comprehensively and efficiently, a protein group encoded by a cDNA library can be preferably used.
- the intensity of the protein-protein interaction can be quantitatively analyzed through the fluorescence intensity of the fluorescent bright spot. Therefore, according to the present invention, the amino acid residue in the first protein or the amino acid residue in the second protein (or the amino acid residue in the first to third proteins) involved in the protein-protein interaction is A method for identifying a protein in which a mutation is introduced into any of the first protein and the second protein (or a protein in which a mutation is introduced into any of the first to third proteins) When the intensity of the fluorescent luminescent spot is attenuated compared to the case of using a protein into which a mutation has not been introduced, a method for determining that the amino acid residue into which the mutation has been introduced is involved in the interaction Can be provided.
- the “fluorescence intensity of a fluorescent luminescent spot” includes not only the fluorescent intensity of one fluorescent luminescent spot but also within a certain region (for example, in one cell, in one field of view in a fluorescence microscope observation, in one fluorescent image). The total fluorescence intensity of the existing fluorescent bright spots is also included.
- a protein in which a mutation is introduced into the first protein can be performed by a person skilled in the art by appropriately selecting a known method.
- known techniques include site-directed mutagenesis.
- the intensity of the protein-protein interaction can be grasped using the fluorescence intensity of the fluorescent bright spot as an index. Therefore, according to the present invention, in the presence of a test compound, the step of expressing or introducing the first fusion protein and the second fusion protein into the cell, Detecting a fluorescent bright spot generated by association of the first fusion protein and the second fusion protein in the cell; When the intensity of the fluorescent bright spot is higher than the intensity of the fluorescent bright spot generated in the absence of the test compound, the test compound is selected as an inducer of the interaction, and the intensity of the fluorescent bright spot is When the intensity of the fluorescent bright spot generated in the absence of the test compound is attenuated, the step of selecting the test compound as a substance that suppresses the interaction; Can be provided.
- test compound used in the screening method of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- the state in the presence of the test compound is, for example, a state in which the test compound and the cell according to the present invention are in contact with each other by adding the test compound to the medium, or the test compound according to the present invention.
- the state introduced into the cell is mentioned.
- the screening method of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment as long as the intensity of the fluorescent bright spot is used as an index. Therefore, the following mode can be taken as another mode.
- the seventh fusion protein, the eighth fusion protein, and the ninth fusion protein in the cell or introducing them into the cell in the presence of the test compound; Detecting a fluorescent bright spot generated by the association of the seventh fusion protein, the eighth fusion protein, and the ninth fusion protein in the cell; When the intensity of the fluorescent bright spot is higher than the intensity of the fluorescent bright spot generated in the absence of the test compound, the test compound is selected as an inducer of the interaction, and the intensity of the fluorescent bright spot is And a step of selecting the test compound as a substance that suppresses the interaction when the intensity is lower than the intensity of a fluorescent bright spot generated in the absence of the test compound.
- the test compound Expressing the thirteenth fusion protein, the fourteenth fusion protein, and the fifteenth fusion protein in the cell or introducing them into the cell in the presence of the test compound; Detecting a fluorescent bright spot generated by the association of the thirteenth fusion protein, the fourteenth fusion protein, and the fifteenth fusion protein in the cell; When the intensity of the fluorescent bright spot is higher than the intensity of the fluorescent bright spot generated in the absence of the test compound, the test compound is selected as an inducer of the interaction, and the intensity of the fluorescent bright spot is And a step of selecting the test compound as a substance that suppresses the interaction when the intensity is lower than the intensity of a fluorescent bright spot generated in the absence of the test compound.
- the present invention can provide a kit for use in the above method.
- the kit of the present invention is a kit comprising at least one substance selected from the group consisting of the following (a) to (h) and instructions for use.
- A DNA that encodes a protein having multimerization ability, DNA that encodes a fluorescent protein, and a cloning site, and the DNA that encodes any protein is inserted into the cloning site.
- B a vector encoding a first fusion protein
- c a vector encoding a second fusion protein
- d A) a transformed cell holding a vector encoding the first fusion protein;
- e a transformed cell holding a vector encoding the second fusion protein; and
- the first of the fusion protein h) a second fusion protein.
- the vector according to the present invention may be any vector as long as it contains a control sequence necessary for expressing (transcription and translation) of the inserted DNA in the above-described cells.
- control sequences include promoters, enhancers, silencers, terminators, poly A tails, and ribosome binding sequences (Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequences).
- the vector according to the present invention may contain a selection marker (such as a drug resistance gene) and a reporter gene (such as a luciferase gene, ⁇ -galactosidase gene, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene).
- a selection marker such as a drug resistance gene
- reporter gene such as a luciferase gene, ⁇ -galactosidase gene, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene.
- CAT chloramphenicol acetyltransferase
- the protein encoded in the vector according to the present invention is each of the above-mentioned fusion proteins, etc. From the viewpoint of further improving the expression efficiency of such a protein, the codon is optimized in accordance with the cell type in which the protein is expressed.
- DNA for example, DNA whose codons are humanized
- the vector according to the present invention can be prepared by a person skilled in the art by appropriately using a known technique such as a DNA chemical synthesis method or a gene recombination technique, as shown in the Examples described later.
- Examples of the “cloning site enabling insertion of DNA encoding any protein” described in (a) above include, for example, a multi-cloning site including one or a plurality of restriction enzyme recognition sites, a TA cloning site, and GATEWAY (registered). Trademark) cloning sites.
- the fusion protein according to the present invention can be obtained by a person skilled in the art based on the nucleotide sequences of these fusion proteins, such as a cell-free protein synthesis system (for example, reticulocyte extract, wheat germ extract), E. coli, animal cells, insect cells, It can be synthesized and prepared by genetic techniques using plant cells and the like. Moreover, the fusion protein concerning this invention can be chemically synthesize
- a buffer solution a stabilizer, a preservative, and a preservative may be added.
- the transformed cell according to the present invention can be prepared by introducing the vector according to the present invention into the cell.
- the preparation of the transformed cell according to the present invention may contain other components such as a medium, a stabilizer, a preservative, and an antiseptic necessary for storage and culture of the cell.
- the “instruction for use” according to the present invention is an instruction for using the vector or the transformed cell in the method of the present invention.
- the instructions include, for example, experimental methods and conditions of the method of the present invention, and information on the preparation of the present invention (for example, information such as a vector map showing the base sequence and cloning site of the vector, transformed cells, etc. Information on the origin, nature, and culture conditions of the cells).
- kit of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and may take the following aspects according to the embodiment for determining the protein-protein interaction described above.
- Kit for use in second method for determining protein-protein interaction comprising at least one substance selected from the group consisting of (a) to (h) below and instructions for use (a) Multimerization
- a fusion protein comprising the protein having the ability to multimerize and a fusion protein comprising the arbitrary protein by inserting a DNA encoding an arbitrary protein into the cloning site.
- a vector that can be expressed (b) a vector that encodes a third fusion protein (c) a vector that encodes a fourth fusion protein (d) a vector that encodes a fifth fusion protein (e) a fifth fusion protein (F) the third fusion protein (g) the fourth fusion Protein (h) Fifth fusion protein.
- Kit for use in third method for determining protein-protein interaction comprising at least one substance selected from the group consisting of the following (a) to (h) and instructions for use (a) Affinity tag A vector capable of expressing a fusion protein containing the affinity tag by inserting a DNA encoding an arbitrary protein into the cloning site, and (b) a first label (C) a vector encoding the second labeled protein (d) a vector encoding the sixth fusion protein to which the binding partner is bound (e) the binding partner binding A transformed cell carrying a vector encoding the sixth fusion protein (f) Protein (g) a second labeled protein (h) a sixth fusion protein in which the binding partner is bound.
- Affinity tag A vector capable of expressing a fusion protein containing the affinity tag by inserting a DNA encoding an arbitrary protein into the cloning site, and (b) a first label (C) a vector encoding the second labeled protein (d) a vector en
- a kit for use in a fourth method for determining protein-protein interaction comprising at least one substance selected from the group consisting of the following (a) to (h) and instructions for use: (a) First A vector capable of expressing a fusion protein containing the first partial peptide by inserting a DNA encoding any protein into the cloning site and inserting a DNA encoding an arbitrary protein into the cloning site (b) (C) a vector encoding the seventh fusion protein (c) a vector encoding the eighth fusion protein (d) a vector encoding the ninth fusion protein (e) a trait carrying a vector encoding the ninth fusion protein Converted cells (f) Seventh fusion protein (g) Eighth fusion protein (h) Ninth fusion protein.
- Kit for use in fifth method for determining protein-protein interaction comprising at least one substance selected from the group consisting of the following (a) to (h) and instructions for use (a) Third A vector capable of expressing a fusion protein containing a third partial peptide by inserting a DNA encoding a partial peptide and a cloning site into which a DNA encoding an arbitrary protein is inserted.
- Kit for use in sixth method for determining protein-protein interaction comprising at least one substance selected from the group consisting of the following (a) to (h) and instructions for use: (a) Multimerization A vector capable of expressing a fusion protein containing a protein having a multimerization ability by inserting a DNA encoding a protein having an ability and a cloning site into which a DNA encoding an arbitrary protein is inserted.
- a vector that includes a DNA encoding a fluorescent protein and a cloning site, and allows expression of a fusion protein containing the fluorescent protein by inserting a DNA encoding an arbitrary protein into the cloning site (c) A vector encoding the thirteenth fusion protein (d) the fourteenth fusion protein A vector encoding a protein (e) a vector encoding a fifteenth fusion protein (f) a thirteenth fusion protein (g) a fourteenth fusion protein (h) a fifteenth fusion protein.
- a kit for use in the seventh method for determining protein-protein interaction comprising at least one substance selected from the group consisting of the following (a) to (f) and instructions for use: (a) First A DNA encoding a protein having multimerization ability, a DNA encoding a fluorescent protein, and a cloning site, and a DNA encoding an arbitrary protein is inserted into the cloning site, whereby the first multimerization A vector capable of expressing a fusion protein comprising a protein having an ability, the fluorescent protein and the arbitrary protein (b) a DNA encoding a protein having a second multimerization ability, and a DNA encoding a fluorescent protein; A DNA encoding an arbitrary protein is inserted into the cloning site. (C) a vector encoding the sixteenth fusion protein (d) the seventeenth vector. (E) 16th fusion protein (f) 17th fusion protein
- Example 1 In determining the interaction between two proteins (the first protein and the second protein), the present inventors have a first fusion protein comprising a first protein, a protein having multimerization ability, and a fluorescent protein; The use of a second fusion protein containing a second protein and a protein having multimerization ability was conceived (see FIG. 1). More specifically, when these two fusion proteins are expressed in a cell, if the first protein and the second protein interact, multimer formation between proteins having multimerization ability is induced. Thus, the construction of a system in which the fusion protein autonomously forms an aggregate and the fluorescent protein contained in the fusion protein is detected as a fluorescent bright spot was considered.
- mAG1 monomer thistle green 1
- an FKBP12 protein mutant known to form a homodimer by adding a drug was used. That is, in this verification, the first protein and the second protein are the same protein, and the first fusion protein and the second fusion protein are the same protein.
- Expression vectors (pPB1-hmAG1-MLinker and phmAG1-PB1-MCLinker) encoding a protein tag (mAG1-PB1) formed by fusing mAG1 at the N-terminus were prepared.
- nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 27 in which restriction enzyme sites are arranged at both ends of DNA consisting of a nucleotide sequence encoding PB1-mAG1 (DNA encoding a protein consisting of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 28).
- the DNA consisting of was artificially synthesized.
- nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 29 in which restriction enzyme sites are arranged at both ends of DNA consisting of a nucleotide sequence encoding mAG1-PB1 (DNA encoding a protein consisting of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 30). The DNA consisting of was artificially synthesized.
- the synthetic DNA thus obtained was cleaved with NheI and AgeI, and inserted into phmAG1-MLinker (manufactured by Amalgaam Co., Ltd.) treated with the same restriction enzyme in combination, whereby pPB1-hmAG1-MCLinker and Each of phmAG1-PB1-MLinker was constructed.
- pPB1-hmAG1-FKBP12 mutant fused with PB1-mAG1 was prepared. That is, the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 31 in which restriction enzyme sites are arranged at both ends of DNA consisting of a nucleotide sequence encoding the FKBP12 variant (DNA encoding a protein consisting of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 32). The DNA consisting of was artificially synthesized.
- the obtained synthetic DNA was cleaved with EcoRI and XhoI, and inserted into the pPB1-hmAG1-MLinker treated with the same combination of restriction enzymes, thereby constructing a pPB1-hmAG1-FKBP12 mutant.
- HEK293 cells were cultured in DMEM (high glucose, manufactured by SIGMA ALDRICH) supplemented with 10% FBS (manufactured by EQUITECH) and 1% penicillin streptomycin (manufactured by Lifetechnology).
- DMEM high glucose, manufactured by SIGMA ALDRICH
- FBS manufactured by EQUITECH
- penicillin streptomycin manufactured by Lifetechnology
- HEK293 cells cultured in this way were seeded on 8-well chamber slides (manufactured by Nunc), and cultured in a culture solution of 200 ⁇ L per well.
- pPB1-hmAG1-FKBP12 mutant 100 ng was diluted in 10 ⁇ L of OptiMEM (manufactured by Life Technologies), and 0.4 ⁇ L of turbofect transfection reagent (Turbofect, manufactured by Thermo Scientific) was added and stirred. Then, it was further mixed with 100 ⁇ L of the culture solution, added to HEK293 cells, and cultured for 20 hours.
- OptiMEM manufactured by Life Technologies
- HEK293 cells subjected to the gene introduction treatment were subjected to IX-71 inverted microscope (manufactured by Olympus, objective lens magnification: 20 times), U-MGGFPQ filter (manufactured by Olympus), and ORCA-ER digital camera (manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics). ).
- FKBP12 mutant homodimer formation was induced by adding 500 nM B / B homodimerizer (AP20187, B / B Homomerizer, manufactured by Takara Bio Inc.) to the medium. In addition, images were acquired over time after drug addition. The obtained results are shown in FIG.
- a PB1 domain of the p62 protein is selected as the association-inducing protein, AG is selected as a fluorescent protein having multimerization ability, and a DNA encoding a humanized codon (hAG ) was used.
- an expression vector (pPB1-FKBP12 mutant) encoding a fusion protein obtained by fusing the FKBP12 mutant to the C terminus of the PB1 domain of the p62 protein was prepared as follows. That is, the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 31 in which restriction enzyme sites are arranged at both ends of DNA consisting of a nucleotide sequence encoding the FKBP12 variant (DNA encoding a protein consisting of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 32). The DNA consisting of was artificially synthesized.
- the obtained synthetic DNA was cleaved with EcoRI and XhoI, and inserted into pAsh-MCLinker (manufactured by Medical and Biological Laboratories) treated with the same restriction enzyme in combination, whereby the pPB1-FKBP12 mutant was obtained. It was constructed.
- an expression vector (phAG-FKBP12 mutant) encoding a fusion protein formed by fusing the FKBP12 mutant with the C protein terminus of the AG protein was obtained in the same manner as described above using phAG-MCLinker (Medical and Biological Laboratories). Manufactured by inserting a synthetic DNA encoding the FKBP12 mutant.
- Example 2 Next, it was verified whether or not reversible formation of a homodimer can be determined by the method of the present invention, that is, whether or not a fluorescent luminescent spot once formed disappears upon elimination of the homodimer.
- the FKBP12 protein mutant homodimer induced and formed by the aforementioned B / B homodimerizer is resolved by the B / B washout ligand (B / B Washout Ligand, manufactured by Takara Bio Inc.). It has been known. Therefore, the verification was performed using the following materials and methods.
- PB1-hmAG1-FKBP12 mutant was introduced into HEK293 cells to produce cells that constitutively express the fusion protein according to the present invention (PB1-hmAG1-FKBP12 mutant). That is, the day before the introduction of the expression vector, HEK293 cells were seeded in a 35 mm dish (manufactured by BD Falcon) and cultured in 1.5 mL of the culture medium.
- pPB1-hmAG1-FKBP12 mutant was diluted in 100 ⁇ L of OptiMEM (manufactured by Life Technologies), 10 ⁇ L of Polyfect (registered trademark) transfection reagent (manufactured by QIAGEN) was added, and the mixture was stirred. Next, the mixture was further mixed with 600 ⁇ L of the culture solution, added to HEK293 cells, and cultured for 20 hours. Then, G418 was added so that it might become a 500 microgram / mL density
- the surviving cells were detached with a trypsin solution, diluted with a culture solution containing G418 (500 ⁇ g / ml) so as to be 0.5 cells / well, and then cultured in a 96-well plate. And the cell which formed the single colony was expanded and cultured.
- the value of the fluorescence intensity when starting to confirm the generation of the fluorescent bright spot under the microscope observation was 1.9 times that value before the addition, It was clarified that if a value of at least twice the fluorescence intensity in a negative control (for example, a cell before the protein-protein interaction occurs) can be detected, a fluorescent bright spot indicating a protein-protein interaction has occurred.
- the present invention it has also been clarified that reversible changes in protein-protein interactions can be determined using the occurrence and disappearance of detected fluorescent bright spots as an index.
- the fluorescent bright spots gradually increase or decrease with the passage of time, it has been clarified that the protein-protein interaction can be quantitatively analyzed according to the present invention.
- the fusion protein according to the present invention was introduced into a cell and a cell that constantly expresses the fusion protein could be produced, it was confirmed that the protein tag contained in the fusion protein does not exhibit cytotoxicity or the like. It was.
- Example 3 It was verified by the following materials and methods whether homomultimer formation could also be determined according to the present invention. This verification was performed for the formation of homomultimers of the p53 protein (for the homomultimer formation, see Yoko Itana et al., J Biol Chem., 2009, 284, No. 8, pages 5158-5164. )
- a BamHI recognition sequence, a stop codon and a NotI recognition sequence are present at the 5 ′ end and the 3 ′ end of a nucleotide sequence encoding p53 (NCBI RefSeq accession number: nucleotide sequence encoding a protein comprising the amino acid sequence described in NP_000537), respectively.
- An added nucleotide sequence was designed.
- DNA comprising the nucleotide sequence is artificially synthesized, cut with BamHI and NotI, and then inserted into phmAG1-PB1-MCLinker and phmAG1-MCLinker (manufactured by Amalgaam Co., Ltd.) treated with the same combination of restriction enzymes.
- phmAG1-PB1-p53 and phmAG1-p53 were prepared.
- the synthetic DNA obtained by removing the stop codon from the synthetic DNA encoding p53 was cleaved with BamHI and NotI, and then treated with the same combination of restriction enzymes, phmAG1-PB1-MNLinker and phmAG1-MNLinker (Amalgaam Limited Pp53-hmAG1-PB1 and pp53-hmAG1 were prepared.
- U2OS cells were selected as cells into which the expression vector prepared above was introduced.
- the cells were added with DMEM (high glucose, 10% FBS (EQUITECH) and 1% penicillin / streptomycin (Lifetechnology)). Cultivated by SIGMA ALDRICH). The day before the introduction of the expression vector, these cells were seeded on a 35 mm dish (manufactured by BD Falcon) and cultured in a 1.5 ml culture solution.
- an expression vector (phmAG1-PB1-p53, phmAG1-p53, pp53-hmAG1-PB1 or pp53-hmAG1) is diluted with 100 ⁇ L of OptiMEM (manufactured by Life Technologies), and the Polyfect® transfection reagent (trademark) 10 ⁇ L of QIAGEN) was added and stirred. After further mixing with 600 ⁇ L of the culture solution, each expression vector mixed solution was added to the cultured cells, and further cultured for 20 hours.
- OptiMEM manufactured by Life Technologies
- Example 4 It was confirmed that the system shown in FIG. 1 is effective not only in the formation of the above-mentioned homomultimer but also in the determination of heteromultimer formation.
- the target of detection in this verification is the interaction between the p53 protein and the MDM2 protein, and Nutlin-3 (nutrin-3), which is known as an inhibitor of the interaction, is also used in this verification experiment. (See Vassilev LT et al., Science, February 6, 2004, 303, 5659, pages 844-848). Furthermore, in this confirmation experiment, the PB1 domain of p62 protein was used as the protein having the above-mentioned multimerization ability, and the mAG1 protein was used as the fluorescent protein.
- pPB1-p53 (70) ⁇ Preparation of pPB1-p53 (70)>
- PB1-p53 (70) a partial peptide of p53 fused with the PB1 domain of the p62 protein at the N-terminus as a second fusion protein in cells
- pPB1-p53 (70) is as follows. Vector was prepared.
- pPB1-p53 In the preparation of pPB1-p53 (70), first, a part of p53 (region consisting of 1 to 70 amino acids of p53 protein (p53 (70)), region consisting of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 34) is encoded. A nucleotide sequence was designed in which a BamHI recognition sequence was added to the 5 ′ end of the DNA, and a stop codon and NotI recognition sequence were added to the 3 ′ end of the DNA. Then, a DNA comprising the nucleotide sequence was artificially synthesized, cleaved with BamHI and NotI, and then inserted into pAsh-MCLinker treated with the same combination of restriction enzymes.
- a pPB1-hmAG1-MDM2 vector is prepared as follows. did.
- pPB1-MDM2 was cleaved with BamHI and NotI and then inserted into pPB1-hmAG1-MCLinker treated with the same restriction enzyme combination.
- This is a plasmid vector for expressing the fused MDM2 protein (PB1-MDM2) as the second fusion protein.
- PB1-MDM2 fused MDM2 protein
- pp53 (70) -hmAG1-PB1 ⁇ Production of pp53 (70) -hmAG1-PB1>
- pp53 A (70) -hmAG1-PB1 vector was prepared.
- nucleotide sequences were designed in which a BamHI recognition sequence and a NotI recognition sequence were added to the 5 'end and 3' end of the DNA encoding the p53 (70), respectively.
- a DNA comprising the nucleotide sequence was artificially synthesized, cut with BamHI and NotI, and then inserted into phmAG1-PB1-MNLinker treated with the same combination of restriction enzymes.
- HEK293 cells were cultured in a culture solution (DMEM high glucose (manufactured by SIGMA ALDRICH), 10% FBS (manufactured by EQUITECH), 1% penicillin / streptomycin (manufactured by Lifetechnology)).
- DMEM high glucose manufactured by SIGMA ALDRICH
- FBS manufactured by EQUITECH
- penicillin / streptomycin manufactured by Lifetechnology
- HEK293 cells subjected to gene transfer treatment were observed using an IX-81 inverted microscope, U-MNIBA3 filter (Olympus), ORCA-Flash 4.0 digital camera (Hamamatsu Photonics).
- Nutrin-3 was added to the culture to a final concentration of 40 ⁇ M. After the drug was added, the mixture was allowed to stand at room temperature for 30 minutes, and the cells were observed. Images before and after addition of Nutrin-3 are shown in FIGS. 15 and 16.
- Example 4 it was confirmed that the protein tag according to the present invention functions even when fused to either the N-terminal or C-terminal of the protein to be analyzed.
- Example 5 The effectiveness of the system shown in FIG. 1 in determining the protein-protein interaction was confirmed by the following method.
- the target for detection in this verification is the FRB domain of the mTOR protein (hereinafter also referred to as “mTOR (FRB domain)”) and the FKBP12 protein, which interact in the presence of rapamycin. (See Chen J et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, May 23, 1995, Vol. 92, No. 11, pages 4947-4951).
- the PB1 domain of p62 protein was used as the protein having the above-mentioned multimerization ability
- mAG1 protein was used as the fluorescent protein.
- pPB1-hmAG1-FKBP12 a vector for expressing a protein (PB1-mAG1-FKBP12) in which the PB1 domain of the p62 protein and the mAG1 protein are fused to the N-terminus of the FKBP12 protein.
- pPB1-FKBP12 A vector was prepared as follows.
- pPB1-FKBP12 was cleaved with BamHI and NotI and then inserted into pPB1-hmAG1-MCLinker treated with the same combination of restriction enzymes to prepare pPB1-hmAG1-FKBP12.
- pmTOR (FRB domain) -PB1 A vector (pmTOR (FRB domain) -PB1) for expressing a protein (mTOR (FRB domain) -PB1) in which the PB1 domain of the p62 protein is fused to the C-terminal of the FRB domain of the mTOR protein is as follows. It was prepared as follows. EcoRI and XhoI recognition sites are located at both ends of the nucleotide sequence encoding a part of the mTOR protein (region consisting of amino acids 2025 to 2114 of the mTOR protein, polypeptide consisting of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 41). The arranged DNA was artificially synthesized.
- the obtained synthetic DNA was cleaved with EcoRI and XhoI, and inserted into pAsh-MNLinker treated with the same combination of restriction enzymes, thereby expressing an expression vector (pmTOR (FRBFRB)) that encodes mTOR (FRB domain) -PB1. domain) -PB1).
- pmTOR FRBFRB
- Example 4 it was confirmed that according to the present invention, not only homomultimer formation as shown in Examples 1 to 3 but also interactions between different proteins can be detected.
- Example 6 The effectiveness of the system shown in FIG. 2 in determining the protein-protein interaction was confirmed by the following method.
- the target of detection in this verification was the interaction between the p53 protein and the MDM2 protein, and Nutrin-3, which is known as an inhibitor of the interaction, was also used in this confirmation experiment.
- the PB1 domain of p62 protein was used as the protein having the multimerization ability.
- mAG1 protein was used as a fluorescent protein, and a fusion protein obtained by binding the fluorescent protein directly or indirectly to both p53 protein and MDM2 protein was used.
- pPB1hmAG1-MNLinker A DNA (DNA consisting of the nucleotide sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 27) having NheI and AgeI recognition sites arranged at both ends of a DNA fragment encoding a protein fused with MAG at the C-terminus of the PB1p62 protein PB1 domain Artificially synthesized.
- the DNA was cleaved with NheI and AgeI and inserted into pAsh-MNLinker excluding DNA encoding the PB1 domain of the PB1p62 protein to prepare a pPB1hmAG1-MNLinker plasmid vector.
- pp53 (70) -PB1-hmAG1 ⁇ Production of pp53 (70) -PB1-hmAG1>
- pp53 ( 70) -PB1-hmAG1 vector was prepared.
- nucleotide sequences were designed in which a BamHI recognition sequence and a NotI recognition sequence were added to the 5 'end and 3' end of DNA encoding p53 (70), respectively. Then, a DNA comprising the nucleotide sequence was artificially synthesized, cut with BamHI and NotI, and then inserted into pPB1-hmAG1-MNLinker treated with the same combination of restriction enzymes.
- HEK293 cells subjected to gene transfer treatment were observed by the same method as described in Example 4. That is, as an inhibitor of the protein-protein interaction between p53 and MDM2, Nutrin-3 was added to the culture solution to a final concentration of 40 ⁇ M. After the drug was added, the mixture was allowed to stand at room temperature for 30 minutes, and the cells were observed. Images before and after the addition of Nutrin-3 are shown in FIGS. 18 and 19.
- Example 7 The effectiveness of the system shown in FIG. 2 in determining the protein-protein interaction was confirmed by the following method.
- the target of detection in this verification was a protein-protein interaction between mTOR (FRB domain) and FKBP12 protein, and rapamycin that induces the interaction was also used in this system.
- the PB1 domain of the p62 protein was used as the protein having the multimerization ability, and the mAG1 protein was used as the fluorescent protein.
- pmTOR (FRB domain) -hmAG1-PB1 A vector (pmTOR (FRB domain) -hmAG1-PB1) for expressing a protein (mTOR (FRB domain) -mAG1-PB1) in which the CAG terminus of the FRB domain of the mTOR protein is fused with the PB1 domain of the mAG1 and p62 proteins ) was prepared as follows.
- PmTOR (FRB domain) -PB1 was cleaved with BamHI and NotI, and the mTOR (FRB domain) fragment was purified. Then, the fragment was inserted into phmAG1-PB1-MNLinker treated with the same combination of restriction enzymes to prepare pmTOR (FRB domain) -hmAG1-PB1.
- HEK293 cells subjected to gene transfer treatment were observed by the same method as described in Example 5. That is, rapamycin was added to the culture solution to a final concentration of 500 nM as an inducer of protein-protein interaction between mTOR (FRB domain) and FKBP12. After the drug was added, the mixture was allowed to stand at room temperature for 30 minutes, and the cells were observed. Images before and after the addition of each drug are shown in FIGS.
- Example 8 The fluorescent protein in Example 1 was changed from mAG1 to DG1 or mCherry, and it was confirmed by the following method that the fluorescent protein used in the present invention was not limited to mAG1.
- a vector (pPB1-hDG1-FKBP12 mutant) for expressing a protein (PB1-DG1-FKBP12 mutant) in which the PB1 domain of the p62 protein and the Dronpa-Green1 fluorescent protein are fused at the N-terminus of the FKBP12 mutant It was prepared as follows.
- a DNA sequence encoding DG1 (protein consisting of the amino acid sequence described in GenBank accession number: BAD72874) and having a SpeI recognition sequence at the 5 'end and an AgeI recognition sequence at the 3' end was artificially synthesized. Subsequently, the obtained DNA is cleaved with these restriction enzymes, treated with the same restriction enzyme combination, and inserted into the pPB1-hmAG1-FKBP12 mutant from which the hmAG1 portion has been removed, whereby the pPB1-hDG1-FKBP12 mutant is obtained.
- DG1 protein consisting of the amino acid sequence described in GenBank accession number: BAD72874
- a vector (pPB1-mCherry-FKBP12 mutant) for expressing a protein (PB1-mCherry-FKBP12 mutant) in which the PB1 domain of the p62 protein and the mCherry fluorescent protein are fused to the N-terminus of the FKBP12 mutant is shown below. Prepared as follows.
- a SpeI recognition sequence and an AgeI recognition sequence are provided at the 5 ′ end and 3 ′ end of DNA encoding mCherry (a protein comprising the amino acid sequence described in GenBank accession number: AAV52164).
- the nucleotide sequence added to each was designed.
- a DNA comprising the nucleotide sequence is artificially synthesized, cut with SpeI and AgeI, treated with the same restriction enzyme combination, and inserted into the pPB1-hmAG1-FKBP12 mutant excluding the hmAG1 portion, A pPB1-mCherry-FKBP12 mutant was generated.
- Example 9 In the present invention, it was confirmed that a protein other than the PB1 domain of the p62 protein can be used as a protein having multimerization ability. That is, in the method described in Example 1, using the SAM domain of Tankyrase1 protein instead of the PB1 domain, detection of homodimer formation of the FKBP12 protein mutant was performed using the following materials and methods. It was.
- a vector (pTankylase-hmAG1-FKBP12 mutant) for expressing a protein (Takyrase-mAG1-FKBP12 mutant) in which the SAM domain of the Tankyase1 protein and mAG1 are fused to the N-terminus of the FKBP12 mutant is as follows. It was prepared as follows.
- Takyrase-mAG1 a protein consisting of the amino acid sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 43
- a DNA sequence having an AgeI recognition sequence was artificially synthesized and cleaved with NheI and AgeI.
- the pTankyase-hmAG1-FKBP12 mutant vector was prepared by treating with the same restriction enzyme and inserting it into the pPB1-hmAG1-FKBP12 mutant excluding the PB1-hmAG1 portion.
- HEK293 cells were cultured in DMEM (high glucose) supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% penicillin streptomycin. And it seed
- DMEM high glucose
- FBS penicillin streptomycin
- Example 10 Similarly to Example 9, in the present invention, it was confirmed that a protein other than the PB1 domain of the p62 protein can be used as a protein having multimerization ability. That is, in the method described in Example 3, using the SAM domain of Tankyrase1 protein, the PB1 domain of PKCiota protein, the SAM domain of TEL protein, or the SAM domain of DGKdelta protein instead of the PB1 domain, The body formation was detected by the following materials and methods.
- a vector (pTankylase-hmAG1-p53) for expressing a protein (Takyrase-mAG1-p53) in which the SAM domain of mTa1 was fused to the N-terminus of p53 and mAG1 was prepared as follows.
- Takyrase-mAG1 a protein consisting of the amino acid sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 43
- NheI recognition sequence at the 5 ′ end and the 3 ′ end
- a DNA sequence having an AgeI recognition sequence was artificially synthesized and cleaved with NheI and AgeI.
- the pTankyase-hmAG1-p53 vector was prepared by treating with the same restriction enzyme and inserting it into phmAG1PB1-p53 excluding the hmAG1PB1 part.
- a vector (pTakyrase-hmAG1-p53) for expressing a protein (PKCi-mAG1-p53) in which the PB1 domain of PKCiota protein and mAG1 were fused at the N-terminus of p53 was prepared as follows.
- PKCi-mAG1 a protein comprising the amino acid sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 45
- mAG1 is fused to the C-terminus of the PB1 domain of the PKCiota protein, and the NheI recognition sequence at the 5 ′ end and the 3 ′ end.
- a DNA sequence having an AgeI recognition sequence was artificially synthesized and cleaved with NheI and AgeI. Thereafter, the pPKCi-hmAG1-p53 vector was prepared by treating with the same restriction enzyme and inserting it into phmAG1PB1-p53 excluding the hmAG1-PB1 part.
- a vector (pTEL-hmAG1-p53) for expressing a protein (TEL-mAG1-p53) in which the SAM domain of TEL protein and mAG1 were fused to the N-terminus of p53 was prepared as follows.
- TEL-mAG1 a protein comprising the amino acid sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 47
- TEL-mAG1 a protein comprising the amino acid sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 47
- NheI recognition sequence a DNA sequence having an AgeI recognition sequence was artificially synthesized and cleaved with NheI and AgeI.
- the pTEL-hmAG1-p53 vector was prepared by treating with the same restriction enzyme and inserting it into phmAG1-PB1-p53 excluding the hmAG1-PB1 part.
- a vector (pDGKd-hmAG1-p53) for expressing a protein (DGKd-mAG1-p53) in which the SAM domain of DGKdelta protein and mAG1 were fused at the N-terminus of p53 was prepared as follows.
- DGKd-mAG1 a protein comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 49
- DGKd-mAG1 a protein comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 49
- a DNA sequence having an AgeI recognition sequence was artificially synthesized and cleaved with NheI and AgeI.
- the pDGKd-hmAG1-p53 vector was prepared by treating with the same restriction enzyme and inserting it into phmAG1PB1-p53 excluding the hmAG1-PB1 part.
- HEK293 cells were cultured in DMEM (high glucose) supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% penicillin streptomycin. Then, on the day before gene introduction, the cells were seeded on an 8-well chamber slide and cultured in a 200 ⁇ L culture medium per well. Next, a DNA solution in which 200 ng of plasmid was mixed with 10 ⁇ L of OptiMEM was prepared, and 0.8 ⁇ l of Fugene HD was added, followed by stirring. This was further mixed with 100 ⁇ l of the culture solution, added to HEK293 cells, and cultured for 48 hours.
- DMEM high glucose
- FBS penicillin streptomycin
- Example 11 According to the present invention, it was confirmed by the method shown below that a homodimer formed depending on signal transduction can be detected.
- a signal transduction pathway involving EGF, GPCR, etc. is activated, ERK2 located downstream thereof is phosphorylated and activated. With this activation, ERK2 is known to form a homodimer (Harvey CD et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2008, 105, 49, 19264-19269, Khoklatchev AV et al. Cell, 1998, Vol. 93, No. 4, pages 605-615). Therefore, the present invention attempted to detect the formation of the homodimer.
- Vectors for expressing proteins (ERK2-mAG1-PB1 and ERK2-PB1-mAG1) fused with the PB1 domain of mAG1 and p62 protein at the C-terminus of ERK2 ) were prepared as follows.
- a nucleotide sequence obtained by adding an XhoI recognition sequence and a NotI recognition sequence to the 5 ′ end and 3 ′ end of a nucleotide sequence encoding ERK2 (NCBI RefSeq accession number: protein consisting of the amino acid sequence described in NP_002736.3), respectively. Designed. Next, DNA comprising the nucleotide sequence was artificially synthesized and cleaved with XhoI and NotI. Further, phmAG1-PB1-MNLinker and pPB1-hmAG1-MNLinker were treated with the same combination of restriction enzymes.
- vectors encoding ERK2-mAG1-PB1 and ERK2-PB1-mAG1 were prepared.
- HEK293 cells were selected as cells into which the expression vector prepared above was introduced.
- these cells were cultured in DMEM (high glucose) supplemented with 10% FBS (manufactured by EQUITECH) and 1% penicillin / streptomycin. The day before the introduction of the expression vector, these cells were seeded in a 35 mm dish and cultured in 1.5 ml of a culture solution.
- 1 ⁇ g of the expression vector (pERK2-hmAG1-PB1 or pERK2-PB1-hmAG1) was diluted with 100 ⁇ L of OptiMEM, and 10 ⁇ L of Polyfect (registered trademark) transfection reagent was added, followed by stirring.
- each expression vector solution was added to the cultured cells.
- the pERK2-hmAG1PB1-introduced cells were observed 20 hours after the introduction of the vector.
- G418 was added to a concentration of 500 ⁇ g / mL, and further cultured for 1 week.
- the surviving cells were detached with a trypsin solution, diluted with a culture solution containing G418 (500 ⁇ g / ml) so as to be 0.5 cells / well, and then cultured in a 96-well plate. And the cell which formed the single colony was expanded and cultured.
- HEK293 cells subjected to the gene transfer treatment were cultured in a pH 7.4 buffer solution comprising Hanks balanced salt solution and 20 mM HEPES for 4 hours to obtain a serum starved state. Thereafter, observation was performed using an IX-71 inverted microscope (magnification of objective lens: 20 times), a U-MGGFPQ filter, and an ORCA-ER digital camera.
- ERK2 homodimer formation was induced by adding EGF (epidermal growth factor, Sigma-Aldrich) to the same buffer to a final concentration of 50 ng / ml. Images before EGF addition and 8 minutes after addition are shown in FIGS.
- ERK2 homodimer formation accompanying activation of the intracellular signal transduction pathway can be detected.
- the activation associated with phosphorylation of ERK2 and thus the activation of a signal transduction pathway involving EGF and the like upstream thereof can be detected by the present invention through detection of fluorescent bright spots.
- Example 12 it was confirmed by the method shown below that a homodimer formed depending on signal transduction can be detected. That is, when a signal transduction pathway involving IL-6 or the like is activated, STAT3 located downstream thereof is phosphorylated and activated. With this activation, STAT3 forms a homodimer, and it is known that extracellular signals are transmitted into the nucleus (Becker S et al., Nature, 1998, 394, 6689, 145-151 pages, see Johnston PA et al., Mol Interv., 2011, Vol. 11, No. 1, pages 18-26). Thus, the present invention attempted to detect STAT3 homodimer formation. In this confirmation experiment, the PB1 domain of the p62 protein was used as the protein having multimerization ability, and the mAG1 protein was used as the fluorescent protein.
- a vector (pPB1-hmAG1-STAT3) for expressing a protein (PB1-mAG1-STAT3) in which the PB1 domain of p62 protein and mAG1 were fused to the N-terminus of STAT3 was prepared as follows.
- An XhoI recognition sequence is added to the 5 ′ end of the nucleotide sequence encoding STAT3 (NCBI RefSeq accession number: NP_6444855.1 protein), and a stop codon and NotI are added to the 3 ′ end of the nucleotide sequence.
- a nucleotide sequence with a recognition sequence added was designed. Then, DNA comprising the nucleotide sequence is artificially synthesized, cut with XhoI and NotI, and then treated with the same combination of restriction enzymes, and inserted into pPB1-hmAG1-MCLinker to produce pPB1-hmAG1-STAT3 did.
- HEK293 cells were selected as cells into which the expression vector prepared above was introduced.
- the cells were cultured in DMEM (high glucose) supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% penicillin / streptomycin. The day before the introduction of the expression vector, these cells were seeded in a 35 mm dish and cultured in 1.5 ml of a culture solution.
- 1 ⁇ g of the expression vector (pPB1-hmAG1-STAT3) was diluted with 100 ⁇ L of OptiMEM, and 10 ⁇ L of Polyfect (registered trademark) transfection reagent was added, followed by stirring. Further, after mixing with 600 ⁇ L of the culture solution, each expression vector mixed solution was added to the cultured cells.
- G418 was added so that it might become a 500 microgram / mL density
- the surviving cells were detached with a trypsin solution, diluted with a culture solution containing G418 (500 ⁇ g / ml) so as to be 0.5 cells / well, and then cultured in a 96-well plate. And the cell which formed the single colony was expanded and cultured.
- the HEK293 cells constitutively expressing the PB1-mAG1-STAT3 were cultured in a pH 7.4 buffer solution consisting of Hank's balanced salt solution and 20 mM HEPES for 4 hours to achieve serum starvation. Thereafter, observation was performed using an IX-71 inverted microscope (magnification of objective lens: 20 times), a U-MGGFPQ filter, and an ORCA-ER digital camera. STAT3 homodimer formation was induced by adding human recombinant IL-6 (R & D Systems) to the same buffer so that the final concentration was 100 ng / ml. The images before and after addition of IL-6 are shown in FIG.
- Example 13 As shown in Examples 1 to 12, it was revealed that the system shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is effective in determining the protein-protein interaction. Next, the present inventor conceived a system shown in FIG. 3 as another embodiment of the system.
- the third fusion protein including the first protein and the protein having multimerization ability the fourth fusion protein including the second protein and the protein having multimerization ability, the protein having multimerization ability, and fluorescence
- the fifth fusion protein containing the protein is expressed in the cell or introduced into the cell
- the proteins having the multimerization ability associate to form the third fusion protein and the fifth fusion protein.
- the fourth fusion protein and the fifth fusion protein bind, and proteins corresponding to the first fusion protein and the second fusion protein shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 are expressed in the cells. is assumed.
- Third and fourth fusion proteins according to the present invention that is, a fusion protein (p53-PB1) comprising the PB1 domain of p53 protein and p62 protein, and a fusion protein (PB1-MDM2) comprising the PB1 domain of MDM2 protein and p62 protein are expressed in cells by producing expression vectors encoding each fusion protein by the following method.
- the obtained synthetic DNA was cleaved with EcoRI and XhoI, and inserted into pAsh-MNLinker (manufactured by Medical Biology Laboratory Co., Ltd.) treated with the same combination of restriction enzymes, whereby p53 (70) -PB1
- An expression vector (pp53 (70) -PB1) was constructed.
- An ash protein tag (PB1 domain of p62 protein) is inserted into the C terminus of the protein via a linker peptide by inserting a DNA encoding an arbitrary protein into the multi-cloning site of pAsh-MNLinker in a reading frame.
- the fused protein can be expressed in the cell.
- DNA having a restriction enzyme site on both ends of a nucleotide sequence encoding a part of MDM2 region consisting of amino acids 1 to 119 of MDM2 protein, region consisting of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 36
- DNA comprising the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 35 was artificially synthesized.
- the obtained synthetic DNA is cleaved with EcoRI and XhoI, and inserted into pAsh-MCLinker (manufactured by Medical and Biological Laboratories) treated with the same combination of restriction enzymes, thereby encoding PB1-MDM2.
- An expression vector (pPB1-MDM2) was constructed.
- An ash protein tag (PB1 domain of p62 protein) is inserted into the N-terminal of the protein via a linker peptide by inserting a DNA encoding an arbitrary protein into the multi-cloning site of pAsh-MLinker in accordance with the reading frame.
- the fused protein can be expressed in the cell.
- an expression vector was prepared by the method described below. That is, first, described in SEQ ID NO: 37 in which restriction enzyme sites are arranged at both ends of DNA consisting of a nucleotide sequence encoding the PB1 domain of the p62 protein (DNA encoding a protein consisting of the amino acid sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 38). A DNA consisting of the nucleotide sequence was artificially synthesized.
- phmAG1-PB1 prepared above was introduced into HeLaS3 cells to establish cells that constantly express the fifth fusion protein (mAG1-PB1) according to the present invention. That is, first, HeLaS3 cells were cultured in DMEM (low glucose, manufactured by SIGMA ALDRICH) supplemented with 10% FBS (manufactured by EQUITECH). On the day before gene transfer, HeLaS3 cells were seeded in a 35 mm dish (BD Falcon) and cultured in 1.5 mL of culture medium.
- DMEM low glucose, manufactured by SIGMA ALDRICH
- FBS manufactured by EQUITECH
- OptiMEM manufactured by Life Technologies
- 10 ⁇ L of Polyfect (registered trademark) transfection reagent manufactured by QIAGEN
- the mixture was further mixed with 600 ⁇ L of the culture solution, added to HeLaS3 cells, and cultured for 20 hours.
- G418 was added so that it might become a 500 microgram / mL density
- the surviving cells were detached with a trypsin solution, diluted with a culture solution containing G418 (500 ⁇ g / ml) so as to be 0.5 cells / well, and then cultured in a 96-well plate. And the cell which formed the single colony was expanded and cultured.
- pp53 (70) -PB1 and pPB1-MDM2 are expressed by the following method. Was introduced into the cells.
- DMEM high glucose, manufactured by SIGMA ALDRICH
- FBS EQUITECH
- penicillin / streptomycin Lifetechnology
- turbofect Tetrachlorofect, manufactured by Thermo Scientific
- FIG. 29 shows the result of observation with the objective lens magnification set to 20 times as in Example 1.
- FIG. 30 shows the result of observation with the objective lens magnification set to 40 times.
- Example 14 Similarly to Example 13, the effectiveness of the system shown in FIG. 3 in determining the protein-protein interaction was confirmed by the method shown below.
- the target of detection in this verification was a protein-protein interaction between mTOR (FRB domain) and FKBP12 protein, and rapamycin that induces the interaction was also used in this system.
- the PB1 domain of the p62 protein was used as the protein having multimerization ability, and the mAG1 protein was used as the fluorescent protein.
- ⁇ Production of pmTOR (FRB domain) -PB1> As a third fusion protein according to the present invention, a vector for expressing a protein (mTOR (FRB domain) -PB1) obtained by fusing the PB1 domain of the p62 protein to the C terminus of mTOR (FRB domain) 5 was prepared.
- a vector (pPB1-mTOR) for expressing a protein (PB1-mTOR (FRB domain)) obtained by fusing the PB1 domain of p62 protein to the N-terminus of mTOR (FRB domain). (FRB domain)) was made as follows.
- a vector (pFKBP12-PB1) for expressing a protein (FKBP12-PB1) obtained by fusing the PB1 domain of the p62 protein to the C-terminus of the FKBP12 protein is as follows: Produced.
- DNA was prepared by artificially synthesizing EcoRI and XhoI recognition sites at both ends of a nucleotide sequence encoding FKBP12 protein (protein comprising the amino acid sequence described in NCBI RefSeq accession number: NP_4633460.1). Subsequently, the obtained synthetic DNA was cleaved with EcoRI and XhoI, and inserted into pAsh-MNLinker treated with the same restriction enzyme combination, thereby constructing an expression vector (pFKBP12-PB1) encoding FKBP12-PB1. .
- a plasmid vector (pPB1-FKBP12) for expressing a protein (PB1-FKBP12) obtained by fusing the PB1 domain of the p62 protein to the N-terminus of the FKBP12 protein is shown in Example 5.
- HEK293 cells were cultured in DMEM (high glucose) supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% penicillin / streptomycin.
- DMEM high glucose
- penicillin / streptomycin 1% penicillin / streptomycin
- the cells were seeded in a 96-well multi-well plate and cultured in a 140 ⁇ L culture medium per well.
- a DNA solution prepared by mixing 133 ng of each plasmid vector with 10 ⁇ L of OptiMEM was diluted.
- the mixture was stirred and further mixed with 90 ⁇ l of the culture solution. Then, the obtained mixed solution was added to the cultured cells and cultured for 20 hours.
- the protein having the ability to multimerize and the fluorescent protein through self-association between the proteins having the ability to multimerize. It was revealed that the protein-protein interaction can also be determined by associating with. Furthermore, since a cell that constantly expresses the fifth fusion protein according to the present invention could be established, it was confirmed that the protein does not exhibit cytotoxicity.
- the protein to be fused to the protein to be analyzed (first and second proteins) is a protein having multimerization ability.
- proteins fused to the protein to be analyzed include fluorescent proteins in addition to proteins having multimerization ability. Therefore, the method shown in FIG. 3 requires a smaller molecular weight of the protein tag fused to the protein to be analyzed than the methods shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, so that the function of the protein to be analyzed is further inhibited. It becomes difficult.
- Example 4 by preparing cells in which a fusion protein containing a fluorescent protein is constantly expressed in advance, the protein to be analyzed in these cells is prepared. Even if the fusion protein containing is transiently expressed, the influence of the variation in fluorescence signal between cells can be suppressed, and the protein-protein interaction can be determined more stably.
- Example 15 As described above, it has become clear that the systems shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 are effective in determining protein-protein interactions. Next, the present inventor has conceived a system shown in FIG.
- a first labeled protein containing an affinity tag and a first protein, a second labeled protein containing an affinity tag and a second protein, and a binding partner having an affinity for the affinity tag binds to each other when the sixth fusion protein containing a protein having a multimerizing ability and a fluorescent protein is expressed in the cell or introduced into the cell.
- the first labeled protein binds to the sixth fusion protein to which the binding partner is bound
- the second labeled protein binds to the sixth fusion protein to which the binding partner is bound.
- the first fusion protein and the second fusion tongue shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 by binding with the protein Each corresponding protein is to be expressed within the cell to click cytoplasm.
- the effectiveness of the system shown in FIG. 4 in the determination of protein-protein interaction was confirmed by the following materials and methods.
- the target of detection is the formation of a homodimer of the transmembrane protein CD80.
- a transmembrane protein CD2 which is known to exist as a monomer in the cell, was also used (for the protein-protein interaction of these proteins, James JR et al., Nat Methods., 2006, 3 Vol. 12, No. 100, pages 1001 to 1006).
- pCD80-FRB ⁇ Preparation of pCD80-FRB>
- mTOR FRB domain
- CD80-FRB CD80 protein fused with this tag
- DNA was prepared by artificially synthesizing BamHI and EcoRI recognition sequences at both ends of a nucleotide sequence encoding CD80 (NCBI RefSeq accession number: protein consisting of the amino acid sequence described in NP_005182.1).
- the obtained synthetic DNA was cleaved with BamHI and EcoRI, and inserted into phmAG1-MNLinker treated with the same restriction enzyme combination to construct a pCD80-hmAG1 vector.
- pCD2-FRB pCD2-FRB
- CD2 protein CD2-FRB
- mTOR FRB domain
- DNA was prepared by artificially synthesizing BamHI and EcoRI recognition sequences on both ends of a nucleotide sequence encoding a CD2 protein (a protein consisting of the amino acid sequence described in Genbank Accession Number: AAA51946.1). Subsequently, the obtained synthetic DNA was cleaved with BamHI and EcoRI, and inserted into phmAG1-MNLinker treated with the same combination of restriction enzymes to construct pCD2-hmAG1.
- FKBP12 was selected as a binding partner having affinity for the affinity tag
- the PB1 domain of p62 was selected as a protein having multimerization ability
- mAG1 was selected as a fluorescent protein.
- a pPB1-hmAG1-FKBP12 vector was prepared as described in Example 5 so that PB1-hmAG1-FKBP12, which is a fusion of these proteins, was expressed in cells as a sixth fusion protein.
- HEK293 cells were cultured in a culture solution (DMEM high glucose, 10% FBS, 1% penicillin streptomycin). Next, the day before gene introduction, the cells were seeded in an 8-well chamber and cultured in 100 ⁇ L of culture medium per well. A DNA solution prepared by mixing 200 ng of each plasmid with 10 ⁇ L of OptiMEM was diluted. Next, after adding 0.8 ⁇ L of Fugene HD, the mixture was stirred and further mixed with 90 ⁇ l of the culture solution. Then, the obtained mixed solution was added to the cultured cells and cultured for 20 hours.
- DMEM high glucose, 10% FBS, 1% penicillin streptomycin a culture medium per well.
- a DNA solution prepared by mixing 200 ng of each plasmid with 10 ⁇ L of OptiMEM was diluted. Next, after adding 0.8 ⁇ L of Fugene HD, the mixture was stirred and further mixed with 90 ⁇ l of the culture solution. Then, the obtained mixed solution was added to the cultured
- the molecular weight of the protein tag fused to the protein to be analyzed can be small, so that the function of the protein to be analyzed is less likely to be inhibited.
- the protein to be analyzed can be maintained in the cell in a state in which the low molecular weight tag is fused in this way, as described above, the fusion protein according to the present invention according to stimulation such as addition of rapamycin.
- the protein-protein interaction can be set to a state that can be determined at an arbitrary timing.
- the sixth fusion protein containing the fluorescent protein is constantly expressed in advance, it is possible to transiently express the fusion protein containing the protein to be analyzed in these cells.
- the influence of the variation in fluorescence signal between cells is suppressed, and the protein-protein interaction can be determined more stably.
- a transmembrane protein such as CD80 localizes to the cell membrane through an organelle such as the Golgi apparatus. Therefore, when the protein is fused with a tag and expressed, it becomes difficult to reach the cell membrane through the same organ. Therefore, in general, unlike the interaction with cytoplasmic proteins, the cell membrane It is said that it is difficult to detect that of a protein.
- the tag to be fused is relatively small, so that the transmembrane protein can easily reach the cell membrane. Then, the transmembrane protein is expressed on the membrane in a state where the tag is fused, and the protein having multimerization ability and the fluorescent protein expressed in the cytoplasm are bound to the tag later, as shown in FIG. As is clear from the results, it is possible to easily detect protein-protein interactions in transmembrane proteins such as CD80.
- Example 16 Next, the present inventor conceived the system shown in FIG. 7 as one embodiment for detecting an interaction between three or more proteins based on the system shown in FIG.
- the thirteenth fusion protein containing the first protein and the protein having multimerization ability the fourteenth fusion protein containing the second protein and the protein having multimerization ability, the third protein and the fluorescent protein If the first protein, the second protein, and the third protein interact when the fifteenth fusion protein is expressed in the cell or introduced into the cell, the system shown in FIG. Similarly, multimer formation between proteins having multimerization ability is induced, whereby the fusion protein autonomously forms an aggregate, and the fluorescent protein contained in the fusion protein is detected as a fluorescent bright spot. .
- the effectiveness of the system shown in FIG. 7 in the determination of protein-protein interaction was confirmed by the following materials and methods.
- the target of detection is heterotrimer formation by p50, p60 and I ⁇ B ⁇ .
- NF ⁇ B functions in the nucleus as a transcription factor responsible for regulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines, but is further retained in the cytoplasm by further interaction with I ⁇ B ⁇ , and its transcription function is known to be suppressed (Marc). D. Jacobs et al., Cell, December 11, 1998, 95, pages 749-758). Therefore, in this example, a protein having multimerization ability is fused to each of p50 and p65, and a fluorescent protein is fused to I ⁇ B ⁇ and expressed in the cell, thereby being formed by the interaction between p50 and p65. It was confirmed that a fluorescent luminescent spot was formed when I ⁇ B ⁇ fused with a fluorescent protein was further accumulated in the aggregate, and a trimeric complex could be detected.
- PB1-p50 p50 protein in which the PB1 domain of p62 is fused to the N-terminus as a protein having multimerization ability in a cell as a thirteenth fusion protein, as shown below.
- pPB1-p50 A vector was constructed.
- DNA was prepared by artificially synthesizing EcoRI and XhoI recognition sequences at both ends of a nucleotide sequence encoding p50 (a protein comprising the amino acid sequence described in NCBI RefSeq accession number: NP_003989.2). Next, the obtained synthetic DNA was treated with EcoRI and XhoI, and inserted into pAsh-MCLinker treated with the same restriction enzymes to prepare pPB1-p50.
- pp65-PB1 p65 protein (p65-PB1) in which the PB1 domain of p62 is fused to the C-terminal as a protein having multimerization ability as a 14th fusion protein in a cell, as shown below, pp65-PB1 A vector was constructed.
- DNA in which BamHI and XhoI recognition sequences were respectively arranged at both ends of a nucleotide sequence encoding p65 (protein comprising the amino acid sequence described in NCBI RefSeq accession number: NP_068810.3) was artificially synthesized.
- the obtained synthetic DNA was treated with BamHI and XhoI, and inserted into pAsh-MNLinker treated with the same restriction enzymes, thereby producing a pp65-PB1 vector.
- phmKO2-I ⁇ B ⁇ ⁇ Production of phmKO2-I ⁇ B ⁇ >
- I ⁇ B ⁇ protein mKO2-I ⁇ B ⁇
- mKO2 was fused to the N-terminus as a fluorescent protein in the cell as a 15th fusion protein
- a phmKO2-I ⁇ B ⁇ vector was constructed as shown below.
- DNA in which BamHI and EcoRI recognition sequences were respectively arranged at both ends of a nucleotide sequence encoding I ⁇ B ⁇ (protein comprising the amino acid sequence described in NCBI RefSeq accession number: NP — 065390.1) was artificially synthesized.
- the obtained synthetic DNA was treated with BamHI and EcoRI, and inserted into phmKO2-MCLinker (manufactured by Medical Biology Laboratories Co., Ltd.) treated with the same restriction enzyme to prepare a phmKO2-I ⁇ B ⁇ vector. .
- HEK293 cells subjected to gene transfer treatment were observed using an IX-71 inverted microscope, a U-MGGFPQ filter, and an ORCA-Flash 4.0 digital camera. The obtained result is shown in FIG.
- Example 17 Similarly to Example 16, the effectiveness of the system shown in FIG. 7 in the determination of protein-protein interaction was confirmed by the materials and methods shown below.
- the detection target is heterotrimer formation by CDK4, CyclinD1 and p21.
- p21 In the cell nucleus, p21 is known to recognize and interact with a complex composed of CDK4 and CyclinD1 (LaBaer J et al., Genes Dev., April 1, 1997, Vol. 11, 7). No. 847-862). It has also been clarified that formation of such a heterotrimer inhibits cell cycle progression (transition from G1 phase to S phase) promoted by a complex composed of CDK4 and CyclinD1.
- pp21-PB1 p21 protein (p21-PB1), in which the PB1 domain of p62 is fused to the C-terminal as a protein having multimerization ability, as a thirteenth fusion protein, pp21-PB1 is expressed as follows. A vector was constructed.
- DNA artificially synthesized with BamHI and NotI recognition sequences on both ends of a nucleotide sequence encoding p21 (NCBI RefSeq accession number: protein consisting of the amino acid sequence described in NP_510867.1) was synthesized. Next, the obtained synthetic DNA was treated with BamHI and NotI, and inserted into pAsh-MNLinker treated with the same restriction enzymes, thereby producing a pp21-PB1 vector.
- pCDK4-PB1 ⁇ Preparation of pCDK4-PB1>
- CDK4-PB1 CDK4 protein
- the pCDK4-PB1 vector is expressed as follows. Built.
- DNA in which a recognition sequence of BamHI and NotI was arranged at both ends of a nucleotide sequence encoding CDK4 (a protein comprising the amino acid sequence described in NCBI RefSeq accession number: NP — 000066.1) was artificially synthesized. Subsequently, the obtained synthetic DNA was treated with BamHI and NotI, and inserted into pAsh-MNLinker treated with the same restriction enzymes, thereby producing a pCDK4-PB1 vector.
- pCDK4 pCDK4 vector was constructed as shown below to express CDK4 protein (CDK4) not fused with other proteins.
- a DNA in which a BamHI recognition sequence, a stop codon and a NotI recognition sequence were respectively arranged at both ends of a nucleotide sequence encoding CDK4 was artificially synthesized.
- the obtained synthetic DNA was treated with BamHI and NotI, and inserted into pAsh-MNLinker treated with the same restriction enzymes, thereby preparing a pCDK4 vector.
- phmAG1-CyclinD1 In order to express CyclinD1 protein (mAG1-CyclinD1) fused with mAG1 as a fluorescent protein at the N-terminal in the cell as a 15th fusion protein, a phmAG1-CyclinD1 vector was constructed as shown below.
- Example 18 As in Examples 16 and 17, the effectiveness of the system shown in FIG. 7 in determining the protein-protein interaction was confirmed.
- the target of detection in this confirmation experiment is tetramer formation by calmodulin and a partial sequence of myosin light chain kinase 2 (M13 peptide, M13 peptide). It is clear that the interaction between calmodulin and M13 peptide occurs in response to a transient increase in intracellular calcium ion concentration (second messenger) that occurs when a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) receives a ligand. (See Miyawaki A et al., Nature, August 28, 1997, 388, 6645, pages 882-887).
- GPCR G protein-coupled receptor
- pM13 peptide-PB1 ⁇ Production of pM13 peptide-PB1>
- M13 peptide-PB1 M13 peptide-PB1 in which the PB1 domain of p62 is fused to the C terminus as a protein having multimerization ability in the cell as a 13th and 14th fusion protein, as shown below, pM13 peptide -A PB1 vector was constructed.
- DNA in which recognition sequences of BamHI and EcoRI were respectively arranged at both ends of a nucleotide sequence encoding the M13 peptide was artificially synthesized.
- the obtained synthetic DNA was treated with BamHI and EcoRI, and inserted into pAsh-MNLinker treated with the same restriction enzymes, thereby producing a pM13 peptide-PB1 vector.
- calmodulin-hmAG1 calumudulin-mAG1 fused with mAG1 as a fluorescent protein in the cell as a fifteenth fusion protein in a cell
- calmodulin protein fused with mUkG1 as a fluorescent protein at the C terminus
- the pCalumodullin-hmAG1 vector and the pCalumodulin-hmUkG1 vector were constructed as shown below.
- DNA in which recognition sequences of BamHI and EcoRI were respectively arranged at both ends of a nucleotide sequence encoding calmodulin (nucleotide sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 52) was artificially synthesized.
- the obtained synthetic DNA was treated with BamHI and EcoRI, and inserted into phmAG1-MNLinker and phmUkG1-MNLinker (both manufactured by Medical and Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd.) treated with the same restriction enzymes.
- the pCalumodulin-hmAG1 vector and the pCalumodulin-hmUkG1 vector were prepared.
- the plasmid (1 ⁇ g + 1 ⁇ g) was diluted in OptiMEM, and 10 ⁇ l of Polyfect (registered trademark) transfection reagent was added and stirred. The mixture was further mixed with 600 ⁇ l of the culture solution, added to HeLaS3 cells, and cultured for 22 hours.
- Hela S3 cells transfected with the above and cultured for 22 hours in a pH 7.4 buffer solution containing Hanks balanced salt solution and 20 mM HEPES were subjected to IX-71 inverted microscope, U-MGGFPQ filter, ORCA-ER digital camera. And observed. Thereafter, 100 ⁇ M histamine (Histamine, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was added, and fluorescent images were taken over time. In addition, it has been clarified that histamine functions as a ligand of one kind of H1 receptor of GPCR which is also expressed in HeLaS3 cells. The obtained results are shown in FIGS.
- Example 19 Based on the above results, the present inventors have conceived a system shown in FIG. 8 as a system for determining protein-protein interaction.
- the target of detection in this verification was the interaction between the p53 protein and the MDM2 protein, and the inhibitor Nutrin-3 was also used in this verification. Furthermore, in this verification, as a protein having multimerization ability, the SAM domain of Tankyase1 protein, the PB1 domain of PKCiota protein, the SAM domain of TEL protein, and the SAM domain of DGKdelta protein were used in an appropriate combination. Moreover, mAG1 protein was used as a fluorescent protein. In the system shown in FIG. 8, the fluorescent protein is fused to only one protein that is the object of protein interaction analysis. In this example, the fusion was carried out with both proteins for verification.
- plasmid vector for expressing various fusion proteins PTakyrase-hmAG1-p53, pPKCi-hmAG1-p53, pTEL-hmAG1-p53 and pDGKd-hmAG1-p53 prepared as described above were treated with restriction enzymes with NheI and AgeI, and nucleotide fragments Tankylase-hmAG1, PKCi- hmAG1, TEL-hmAG1 and DGKd-hmAG1 were prepared. Then, these were treated with the same restriction enzymes and inserted into pPB1-p53 (70) excluding the PB1 region to prepare the following plasmid vectors.
- A pTankylase-hmAG1-p53 (70), (B) pPKCi-hmAG1-p53 (70), (C) pTEL-hmAG1-p53 (70), (D) pDGKd-hmAG1-p53 (70).
- the following plasmid vector was also prepared by treating pPB1-MDM2 prepared in Example 4 with NheI and AgeI, removing the PB1 region, and then inserting each of the nucleotide fragments.
- E pTankylase-hmAG1-MDM2
- F pPKCi-hmAG1-MDM2
- G pTEL-hmAG1-MDM2
- H pDGKd-hmAG1-MDM2.
- Plasmid vectors (a) to (h) prepared as described above were introduced into HEK293 cells by the method described below in the following combinations.
- Combination 1 Plasmid vectors (b) and (h)
- Combination 2 Plasmid vectors (b) and (g)
- Combination 3 Plasmid vectors (a) and (f)
- Combination 4 Plasmid vectors (a) and (h)
- Combination 5 Plasmid vectors (a) and (g)
- Combination 6 Plasmid vectors (d) and (f)
- Combination 7 Plasmid vectors (d) and (g)
- Combination 8 Plasmid vectors (c) and (e)
- Combination 9 Plasmid vectors (c) and (h).
- HEK293 cells were cultured in DMEM (high glucose) supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% penicillin / streptomycin. Next, the day before gene introduction, the cells were seeded in a 96-well multiwell plate (manufactured by Greiner bio-one) and cultured in a culture solution of 100 ⁇ L per well. A DNA solution prepared by mixing 200 ng of each plasmid with 10 ⁇ L of OptiMEM was diluted. Next, after adding 0.8 ⁇ L of Fugene HD, the mixture was stirred and further mixed with 90 ⁇ l of the culture solution. Then, the obtained mixed solution was added to the cultured cells and cultured for 20 hours.
- DMEM high glucose
- FBS penicillin / streptomycin
- protein-protein interaction can be determined in its own intracellular environment, and position information and time information of protein-protein interaction can be acquired.
- the intensity of the protein-protein interaction correlates with the fluorescence intensity of the fluorescent bright spot. Therefore, identification of amino acid residues involved in the protein-protein interaction using the fluorescence intensity as an index, This method can also be used to screen for substances that modulate intermolecular interactions.
- the determination method of protein-protein interaction of the present invention and the vector or kit to be used in these methods, elucidate various signal transduction in vivo, control of various biological reactions, etc., and thus the disease mechanism It is useful in the development of pharmaceuticals through elucidation of
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Abstract
Description
<1> 第1のタンパク質と第2のタンパク質との相互作用を判定するための方法であって、下記工程(1)~(3)を含む方法
(1) 第1のタンパク質、多量化能を有するタンパク質及び蛍光タンパク質を含む第1の融合タンパク質と、第2のタンパク質及び多量化能を有するタンパク質を含む第2の融合タンパク質とを、細胞内に発現させる又は細胞に導入する工程
(2) 前記細胞内における第1の融合タンパク質と第2の融合タンパク質との会合により生じる蛍光輝点を検出する工程
(3) 前記蛍光輝点の検出により、第1のタンパク質と第2のタンパク質との相互作用を判定する工程。
<2> 前記第2の融合タンパク質が、さらに蛍光タンパク質を含む融合タンパク質である、<1>に記載の方法。
<3> 前記蛍光タンパク質が単量体蛍光タンパク質である、<1>又は<2>に記載の方法。
<4> 第1のタンパク質と第2のタンパク質との相互作用を検出するための方法であって、下記工程(1)~(3)を含む方法
(1) 第1のタンパク質及び多量化能を有するタンパク質を含む第3の融合タンパク質と、第2のタンパク質及び多量化能を有するタンパク質を含む第4の融合タンパク質と、多量化能を有するタンパク質及び蛍光タンパク質を含む第5の融合タンパク質とを、細胞内に発現させる又は細胞に導入する工程
(2) 前記細胞内における、第3の融合タンパク質と、第4の融合タンパク質と、第5の融合タンパク質との会合により生じる蛍光輝点を検出する工程
(3) 前記蛍光輝点の検出により、第1のタンパク質と第2のタンパク質との相互作用を判定する工程。
<5> 前記蛍光タンパク質が単量体蛍光タンパク質である、<4>に記載の方法。
<6> 多量化能を有するタンパク質をコードするDNAと、蛍光タンパク質をコードするDNAと、クローニング部位とを含み、該クローニング部位に任意のタンパク質をコードするDNAが挿入されることにより、前記多量化能を有するタンパク質、前記蛍光タンパク質及び前記任意のタンパク質を含む融合タンパク質を発現させることができるベクター。
<7> 下記(a)~(h)からなる群から選択される少なくとも一の物質及び使用説明書を含む、<1>~<3>のうちのいずれか一に記載の方法に用いられるためのキット
(a)<6>に記載のベクター
(b)第1の融合タンパク質をコードするベクター
(c)第2の融合タンパク質をコードするベクター
(d)第1の融合タンパク質をコードするベクターを保持する形質転換細胞
(e)第2の融合タンパク質をコードするベクターを保持する形質転換細胞
(f)第1の融合タンパク質をコードするベクターと第2の融合タンパク質をコードするベクターとを保持する形質転換細胞
(g)第1の融合タンパク質
(h)第2の融合タンパク質。
<8> 下記(a)~(h)からなる群から選択される少なくとも一の物質及び使用説明書を含む、<4>又は<5>に記載の方法に用いられるためのキット
(a)多量化能を有するタンパク質をコードするDNAとクローニング部位とを含み、該クローニング部位に任意のタンパク質をコードするDNAが挿入されることにより、前記多量化能を有するタンパク質及び前記任意のタンパク質を含む融合タンパク質を発現させることができるベクター
(b)第3の融合タンパク質をコードするベクター
(c)第4の融合タンパク質をコードするベクター
(d)第5の融合タンパク質をコードするベクター
(e)第5の融合タンパク質をコードするベクターを保持する形質転換細胞
(f)第3の融合タンパク質
(g)第4の融合タンパク質
(h)第5の融合タンパク質。
<9> 第1のタンパク質と第2のタンパク質との相互作用を検出するための方法であって、下記工程(1)~(3)を含む方法
(1)アフィニティタグ及び第1のタンパク質を含む第1の標識化タンパク質と、アフィニティタグ及び第2のタンパク質を含む第2の標識化タンパク質と、前記アフィニティタグに対して親和性を有する結合パートナーが結合しており、かつ多量化能を有するタンパク質及び蛍光タンパク質を含む、第6の融合タンパク質とを、細胞内に発現させる又は細胞に導入する工程
(2) 前記細胞内における、第1の標識化タンパク質と、第2の標識化タンパク質と、前記結合パートナーが結合している第6の融合タンパク質との会合により生じる蛍光輝点を検出する工程
(3) 前記蛍光輝点の検出により、第1のタンパク質と第2のタンパク質との相互作用を判定する工程。
<10> 下記(a)~(h)からなる群から選択される少なくとも一の物質及び使用説明書を含む、<9>に記載の方法に用いられるためのキット
(a)アフィニティタグをコードするDNAとクローニング部位とを含み、該クローニング部位に任意のタンパク質をコードするDNAが挿入されることにより、前記アフィニティタグを含む融合タンパク質を発現させることができるベクター
(b)第1の標識化タンパク質をコードするベクター
(c)第2の標識化タンパク質をコードするベクター
(d)前記結合パートナーが結合している第6の融合タンパク質を、コードするベクター
(e)前記結合パートナーが結合している第6の融合タンパク質をコードするベクターを、保持する形質転換細胞
(f)第1の標識化タンパク質
(g)第2の標識化タンパク質
(h)前記結合パートナーが結合している第6の融合タンパク質。
<11> 第1のタンパク質と第2のタンパク質との相互作用を検出するための方法であって、下記工程(1)~(3)を含む方法
(1)蛍光タンパク質を構成する第1の部分ペプチド及び第1のタンパク質を含む第7の融合タンパク質と、蛍光タンパク質を構成する第1の部分ペプチド及び第2のタンパク質を含む第8の融合タンパク質と、第1の部分ペプチドに結合することによって蛍光タンパク質が再構成し得る第2の部分ペプチド、及び多量化能を有するタンパク質を含む第9の融合タンパク質とを、細胞内に発現させる又は細胞に導入する工程
(2) 前記細胞内における、第7の融合タンパク質と、第8の融合タンパク質と、第9の融合タンパク質との会合により生じる蛍光輝点を検出する工程
(3) 前記蛍光輝点の検出により、第1のタンパク質と第2のタンパク質との相互作用を判定する工程。
<12> 下記(a)~(h)からなる群から選択される少なくとも一の物質及び使用説明書を含む、<11>に記載の方法に用いられるためのキット
(a)第1の部分ペプチドをコードするDNAとクローニング部位とを含み、該クローニング部位に任意のタンパク質をコードするDNAが挿入されることにより、第1の部分ペプチドを含む融合タンパク質を発現させることができるベクター
(b)第7の融合タンパク質をコードするベクター
(c)第8の融合タンパク質をコードするベクター
(d)第9の融合タンパク質をコードするベクター
(e)第9の融合タンパク質をコードするベクターを保持する形質転換細胞
(f)第7の融合タンパク質
(g)第8の融合タンパク質
(h)第9の融合タンパク質。
<13> 第1のタンパク質と第2のタンパク質との相互作用を検出するための方法であって、下記工程(1)~(3)を含む方法
(1)多量化能を有するタンパク質を構成する第3の部分ペプチド及び第1のタンパク質を含む第10の融合タンパク質と、多量化能を有するタンパク質を構成する第3の部分ペプチド及び第2のタンパク質を含む第11の融合タンパク質と、第3の部分ペプチドに結合することによって多量化能を有するタンパク質が再構成し得る第4の部分ペプチド、及び蛍光タンパク質を含む第12の融合タンパク質とを、細胞内に発現させる又は細胞に導入する工程
(2) 前記細胞内における、第10の融合タンパク質と、第11の融合タンパク質と、第12の融合タンパク質との会合により生じる蛍光輝点を検出する工程
(3) 前記蛍光輝点の検出により、第1のタンパク質と第2のタンパク質との相互作用を判定する工程。
<14> 下記(a)~(h)からなる群から選択される少なくとも一の物質及び使用説明書を含む、<13>に記載の方法に用いられるためのキット
(a)第3の部分ペプチドをコードするDNAとクローニング部位とを含み、該クローニング部位に任意のタンパク質をコードするDNAが挿入されることにより、第3の部分ペプチドを含む融合タンパク質を発現させることができるベクター
(b)第10の融合タンパク質をコードするベクター
(c)第11の融合タンパク質をコードするベクター
(d)第12の融合タンパク質をコードするベクター
(e)第12の融合タンパク質をコードするベクターを保持する形質転換細胞
(f)第10の融合タンパク質
(g)第11の融合タンパク質
(h)第12の融合タンパク質。
<15> 第1のタンパク質と第2のタンパク質と第3のタンパク質との相互作用を検出するための方法であって、下記工程(1)~(3)を含む方法
(1) 第1のタンパク質及び多量化能を有するタンパク質を含む第13の融合タンパク質と、第2のタンパク質及び多量化能を有するタンパク質を含む第14の融合タンパク質と、第3のタンパク質及び蛍光タンパク質を含む第15の融合タンパク質とを、細胞内に発現させる又は細胞に導入する工程
(2) 前記細胞内における第13の融合タンパク質と第14の融合タンパク質と第15の融合タンパク質との会合により生じる蛍光輝点を検出する工程
(3) 前記蛍光輝点の検出により、第1のタンパク質と第2のタンパク質と第3のタンパク質との相互作用を判定する工程。
<16> 下記(a)~(h)からなる群から選択される少なくとも一の物質及び使用説明書を含む、<15>に記載の方法に用いられるためのキット
(a)多量化能を有するタンパク質をコードするDNAとクローニング部位とを含み、該クローニング部位に任意のタンパク質をコードするDNAが挿入されることにより、多量化能を有するタンパク質を含む融合タンパク質を発現させることができるベクター
(b)蛍光タンパク質をコードするDNAとクローニング部位とを含み、該クローニング部位に任意のタンパク質をコードするDNAが挿入されることにより、蛍光タンパク質を含む融合タンパク質を発現させることができるベクター
(c)第13の融合タンパク質をコードするベクター
(d)第14の融合タンパク質をコードするベクター
(e)第15の融合タンパク質をコードするベクター
(f)第13の融合タンパク質
(g)第14の融合タンパク質
(h)第15の融合タンパク質。
<17> 第1のタンパク質と第2のタンパク質との相互作用を判定するための方法であって、第1の多量化能を有するタンパク質と第2の多量化能を有するタンパク質とは異なるタンパク質であり、かつ下記工程(1)~(3)を含む方法
(1) 第1のタンパク質、第1の多量化能を有するタンパク質及び蛍光タンパク質を含む第16の融合タンパク質と、第2のタンパク質及び第2の多量化能を有するタンパク質を含む第17の融合タンパク質とを、細胞内に発現させる又は細胞に導入する工程
(2) 前記細胞内における第16の融合タンパク質と第17の融合タンパク質との会合により生じる蛍光輝点を検出する工程
(3) 前記蛍光輝点の検出により、第1のタンパク質と第2のタンパク質との相互作用を判定する工程。
<18> 下記(a)~(f)からなる群から選択される少なくとも一の物質及び使用説明書を含む、<17>に記載の方法に用いられるためのキット
(a)第1の多量化能を有するタンパク質をコードするDNAと、蛍光タンパク質をコードするDNAと、クローニング部位とを含み、該クローニング部位に任意のタンパク質をコードするDNAが挿入されることにより、第1の多量化能を有するタンパク質、前記蛍光タンパク質及び前記任意のタンパク質を含む融合タンパク質を発現させることができるベクター
(b)第2の多量化能を有するタンパク質をコードするDNAと、蛍光タンパク質をコードするDNAと、クローニング部位とを含み、該クローニング部位に任意のタンパク質をコードするDNAが挿入されることにより、第2の多量化能を有するタンパク質、前記蛍光タンパク質及び前記任意のタンパク質を含む融合タンパク質を発現させることができるベクター
(c)第16の融合タンパク質をコードするベクター
(d)第17の融合タンパク質をコードするベクター
(e)第16の融合タンパク質
(f)第17の融合タンパク質。
本発明のタンパク質間相互作用を判定するための方法の第1の態様は、
第1のタンパク質、多量化能を有するタンパク質及び蛍光タンパク質を含む第1の融合タンパク質と、第2のタンパク質及び多量化能を有するタンパク質を含む第2の融合タンパク質とを、細胞内に発現させる又は細胞に導入する工程(1)と、
前記細胞内における第1の融合タンパク質と第2の融合タンパク質との会合により生じる蛍光輝点を検出する工程(2)と、
前記蛍光輝点の検出により、第1のタンパク質と第2のタンパク質との相互作用を判定する工程(3)と
を含む方法である。
本発明のタンパク質間相互作用を判定するための方法の第2の態様は、
第1のタンパク質と第2のタンパク質との相互作用を検出するための方法であって、下記工程(1)~(3)を含む方法である
(1) 第1のタンパク質及び多量化能を有するタンパク質を含む第3の融合タンパク質と、第2のタンパク質及び多量化能を有するタンパク質を含む第4の融合タンパク質と、多量化能を有するタンパク質及び蛍光タンパク質を含む第5の融合タンパク質とを、細胞内に発現させる又は細胞に導入する工程
(2) 前記細胞内における、第3の融合タンパク質と、第4の融合タンパク質と、第5の融合タンパク質との会合により生じる蛍光輝点を検出する工程
(3) 前記蛍光輝点の検出により、第1のタンパク質と第2のタンパク質との相互作用を判定する工程。
本発明のタンパク質間相互作用を判定するための方法の第3の態様は、下記工程(1)~(3)を含む方法である。
(1)アフィニティタグ及び第1のタンパク質を含む第1の標識化タンパク質と、アフィニティタグ及び第2のタンパク質を含む第2の標識化タンパク質と、前記アフィニティタグに対して親和性を有する結合パートナーが結合しており、かつ多量化能を有するタンパク質及び蛍光タンパク質を含む、第6の融合タンパク質とを、細胞内に発現させる又は細胞に導入する工程
(2) 前記細胞内における、第1の標識化タンパク質と、第2の標識化タンパク質と、前記結合パートナーが結合している第6の融合タンパク質との会合により生じる蛍光輝点を検出する工程
(3) 前記蛍光輝点の検出により、第1のタンパク質と第2のタンパク質との相互作用を判定する工程。
本発明のタンパク質間相互作用を判定するための方法の第4の態様は、下記工程(1)~(3)を含む方法である。
(1)蛍光タンパク質を構成する第1の部分ペプチド及び第1のタンパク質を含む第7の融合タンパク質と、蛍光タンパク質を構成する第1の部分ペプチド及び第2のタンパク質を含む第8の融合タンパク質と、第1の部分ペプチドに結合することによって蛍光タンパク質が再構成し得る第2の部分ペプチド、及び多量化能を有するタンパク質を含む第9の融合タンパク質とを、細胞内に発現させる又は細胞に導入する工程
(2) 前記細胞内における、第7の融合タンパク質と、第8の融合タンパク質と、第9の融合タンパク質との会合により生じる蛍光輝点を検出する工程
(3) 前記蛍光輝点の検出により、第1のタンパク質と第2のタンパク質との相互作用を判定する工程。
本発明のタンパク質間相互作用を判定するための方法の第5の態様は、下記工程(1)~(3)を含む方法である。
(1)多量化能を有するタンパク質を構成する第3の部分ペプチド及び第1のタンパク質を含む第10の融合タンパク質と、多量化能を有するタンパク質を構成する第3の部分ペプチド及び第2のタンパク質を含む第11の融合タンパク質と、第3の部分ペプチドに結合することによって多量化能を有するタンパク質が再構成し得る第4の部分ペプチド、及び蛍光タンパク質を含む第12の融合タンパク質とを、細胞内に発現させる又は細胞に導入する工程
(2) 前記細胞内における、第10の融合タンパク質と、第11の融合タンパク質と、第12の融合タンパク質との会合により生じる蛍光輝点を検出する工程
(3) 前記蛍光輝点の検出により、第1のタンパク質と第2のタンパク質との相互作用を判定する工程。
解析対象を3以上のタンパク質とする場合には、上述の第1の態様を応用することにより、下記工程(1)~(3)を含む方法を、タンパク質間相互作用を判定するための方法の第6の態様として、本発明は提供することもできる。
(1) 第1のタンパク質及び多量化能を有するタンパク質を含む第13の融合タンパク質と、第2のタンパク質及び多量化能を有するタンパク質を含む第14の融合タンパク質と、第3のタンパク質及び蛍光タンパク質を含む第15の融合タンパク質とを、細胞内に発現させる又は細胞に導入する工程
(2) 前記細胞内における第13の融合タンパク質と第14の融合タンパク質と第15の融合タンパク質との会合により生じる蛍光輝点を検出する工程
(3) 前記蛍光輝点の検出により、第1のタンパク質と第2のタンパク質と第3のタンパク質との相互作用を判定する工程。
本発明は、タンパク質間相互作用を判定するための第7の態様として、以下の方法も提供し得る。
(1) 第1のタンパク質、第1の多量化能を有するタンパク質及び蛍光タンパク質を含む第16の融合タンパク質と、第2のタンパク質及び第2の多量化能を有するタンパク質を含む第17の融合タンパク質とを、細胞内に発現させる又は細胞に導入する工程
(2) 前記細胞内における第16の融合タンパク質と第17の融合タンパク質との会合により生じる蛍光輝点を検出する工程
(3) 前記蛍光輝点の検出により、第1のタンパク質と第2のタンパク質との相互作用を判定する工程。
後述の実施例2及び11~13等において示す通り、本発明の方法は、蛍光輝点の存在又は非存在を指標として、タンパク質間相互作用の発生のみならず、タンパク質間相互作用の消失を判定することができる。また、かかるタンパク質間相互作用の発生等を経時的に追跡することもできる。さらに、多量化能を有するタンパク質や蛍光タンパク質の局在等に影響を受けることなく、本発明においては細胞内の任意の領域においてタンパク質間相互作用を判定することもできる。
本発明においては、任意のタンパク質間相互作用を判定することができる。したがって、本発明は、特定のタンパク質と相互作用するタンパク質をスクリーニングするための方法であって、第1のタンパク質及び第2のタンパク質のいずれか一方を該特定のタンパク質とし、他方を被検タンパク質とすることにより、本発明にかかる蛍光輝点の検出により、該特定のタンパク質と相互作用するタンパク質を選択する方法を提供することができる。また、3以上のタンパク質間の相互作用を対象とする場合には、特定のタンパク質と相互作用するタンパク質をスクリーニングするための方法であって、第1~3のタンパク質のうちの2つのタンパク質を該特定のタンパク質とし、残りの一つを被検タンパク質とすることにより、本発明にかかる蛍光輝点の検出により、該特定のタンパク質と相互作用するタンパク質を選択する方法を提供することができる。
後述の実施例2等に示す通り、本発明において、蛍光輝点の蛍光強度を通してタンパク質間相互作用の強弱を定量的に分析することもできる。したがって、本発明によれば、タンパク質間相互作用に関与する第1のタンパク質中のアミノ酸残基又は第2のタンパク質中のアミノ酸残基(又は、第1~3のタンパク質中のアミノ酸残基)を同定するための方法であって、該第1のタンパク質及び該第2のタンパク質のいずれかに変異が導入されたタンパク質(又は、第1~3のタンパク質のいずれかに変異が導入されたタンパク質)を用い、前記蛍光輝点の強度が、変異が導入されていないタンパク質を用いた場合と比較して減弱した場合は、該変異が導入されたアミノ酸残基を前記相互作用に関与すると判定する方法を提供することができる。
前述の通り、本発明の方法において、蛍光輝点の蛍光強度を指標として、タンパク質間相互作用の強弱を把握することができる。したがって、本発明によれば、被検化合物存在下で、第1の融合タンパク質と、第2の融合タンパク質とを細胞内に発現させる又は細胞内に導入する工程と、
前記細胞内において第1の融合タンパク質と第2の融合タンパク質との会合により生じる蛍光輝点を検出する工程と、
前記蛍光輝点の強度が前記被検化合物の非存在下において生じる蛍光輝点の強度より増大する場合は、前記被検化合物を前記相互作用の誘導物質として選択し、前記蛍光輝点の強度が前記被検化合物の非存在下において生じる蛍光輝点の強度より減弱する場合は、前記被検化合物を前記相互作用の抑制物質として選択する工程と、
を含む方法を提供することができる。
前記細胞内において第3の融合タンパク質と第4の融合タンパク質と第5の融合タンパク質との会合により生じる蛍光輝点を検出する工程と、
前記蛍光輝点の強度が前記被検化合物の非存在下において生じる蛍光輝点の強度より増大する場合は、前記被検化合物を前記相互作用の誘導物質として選択し、前記蛍光輝点の強度が前記被検化合物の非存在下において生じる蛍光輝点の強度より減弱する場合は、前記被検化合物を前記相互作用の抑制物質として選択する工程と、を含む方法。
前記細胞内において、第1の標識化タンパク質と、第2の標識化タンパク質と、前記結合パートナーが結合している第6の融合タンパク質との会合により生じる蛍光輝点を検出する工程と、
前記蛍光輝点の強度が前記被検化合物の非存在下において生じる蛍光輝点の強度より増大する場合は、前記被検化合物を前記相互作用の誘導物質として選択し、前記蛍光輝点の強度が前記被検化合物の非存在下において生じる蛍光輝点の強度より減弱する場合は、前記被検化合物を前記相互作用の抑制物質として選択する工程と、を含む方法。
前記細胞内において、第7の融合タンパク質と、第8の融合タンパク質と、第9の融合タンパク質との会合により生じる蛍光輝点を検出する工程と、
前記蛍光輝点の強度が前記被検化合物の非存在下において生じる蛍光輝点の強度より増大する場合は、前記被検化合物を前記相互作用の誘導物質として選択し、前記蛍光輝点の強度が前記被検化合物の非存在下において生じる蛍光輝点の強度より減弱する場合は、前記被検化合物を前記相互作用の抑制物質として選択する工程と、を含む方法。
前記細胞内において、第10の融合タンパク質と、第11の融合タンパク質と、第12の融合タンパク質との会合により生じる蛍光輝点を検出する工程と、
前記蛍光輝点の強度が前記被検化合物の非存在下において生じる蛍光輝点の強度より増大する場合は、前記被検化合物を前記相互作用の誘導物質として選択し、前記蛍光輝点の強度が前記被検化合物の非存在下において生じる蛍光輝点の強度より減弱する場合は、前記被検化合物を前記相互作用の抑制物質として選択する工程と、を含む方法。
前記細胞内において、第13の融合タンパク質と、第14の融合タンパク質と、第15の融合タンパク質との会合により生じる蛍光輝点を検出する工程と、
前記蛍光輝点の強度が前記被検化合物の非存在下において生じる蛍光輝点の強度より増大する場合は、前記被検化合物を前記相互作用の誘導物質として選択し、前記蛍光輝点の強度が前記被検化合物の非存在下において生じる蛍光輝点の強度より減弱する場合は、前記被検化合物を前記相互作用の抑制物質として選択する工程と、を含む方法。
前記細胞内において、第16の融合タンパク質と、第17の融合タンパク質との会合により生じる蛍光輝点を検出する工程と、
前記蛍光輝点の強度が前記被検化合物の非存在下において生じる蛍光輝点の強度より増大する場合は、前記被検化合物を前記相互作用の誘導物質として選択し、前記蛍光輝点の強度が前記被検化合物の非存在下において生じる蛍光輝点の強度より減弱する場合は、前記被検化合物を前記相互作用の抑制物質として選択する工程と、を含む方法。
本発明は、上記方法に用いられるためのキットを提供することができる。本発明のキットは、下記(a)~(h)からなる群から選択される少なくとも一の物質及び使用説明書を含むキットである。
(b)第1の融合タンパク質をコードするベクター
(c)第2の融合タンパク質をコードするベクター
(d)第1の融合タンパク質をコードするベクターを保持する形質転換細胞
(e)第2の融合タンパク質をコードするベクターを保持する形質転換細胞
(f)第1の融合タンパク質をコードするベクターと第2の融合タンパク質をコードするベクターとを保持する形質転換細胞
(g)第1の融合タンパク質
(h)第2の融合タンパク質。
(a)多量化能を有するタンパク質をコードするDNAとクローニング部位とを含み、該クローニング部位に任意のタンパク質をコードするDNAが挿入されることにより、前記多量化能を有するタンパク質及び前記任意のタンパク質を含む融合タンパク質を発現させることができるベクター
(b)第3の融合タンパク質をコードするベクター
(c)第4の融合タンパク質をコードするベクター
(d)第5の融合タンパク質をコードするベクター
(e)第5の融合タンパク質をコードするベクターを保持する形質転換細胞
(f)第3の融合タンパク質
(g)第4の融合タンパク質
(h)第5の融合タンパク質。
(a)アフィニティタグをコードするDNAとクローニング部位とを含み、該クローニング部位に任意のタンパク質をコードするDNAが挿入されることにより、前記アフィニティタグを含む融合タンパク質を発現させることができるベクター
(b)第1の標識化タンパク質をコードするベクター
(c)第2の標識化タンパク質をコードするベクター
(d)前記結合パートナーが結合している第6の融合タンパク質を、コードするベクター
(e)前記結合パートナーが結合している第6の融合タンパク質をコードするベクターを、保持する形質転換細胞
(f)第1の標識化タンパク質
(g)第2の標識化タンパク質
(h)前記結合パートナーが結合している第6の融合タンパク質。
(a)第1の部分ペプチドをコードするDNAとクローニング部位とを含み、該クローニング部位に任意のタンパク質をコードするDNAが挿入されることにより、第1の部分ペプチドを含む融合タンパク質を発現させることができるベクター
(b)第7の融合タンパク質をコードするベクター
(c)第8の融合タンパク質をコードするベクター
(d)第9の融合タンパク質をコードするベクター
(e)第9の融合タンパク質をコードするベクターを保持する形質転換細胞
(f)第7の融合タンパク質
(g)第8の融合タンパク質
(h)第9の融合タンパク質。
(a)第3の部分ペプチドをコードするDNAとクローニング部位とを含み、該クローニング部位に任意のタンパク質をコードするDNAが挿入されることにより、第3の部分ペプチドを含む融合タンパク質を発現させることができるベクター
(b)第10の融合タンパク質をコードするベクター
(c)第11の融合タンパク質をコードするベクター
(d)第12の融合タンパク質をコードするベクター
(e)第12の融合タンパク質をコードするベクターを保持する形質転換細胞
(f)第10の融合タンパク質
(g)第11の融合タンパク質
(h)第12の融合タンパク質。
(a)多量化能を有するタンパク質をコードするDNAとクローニング部位とを含み、該クローニング部位に任意のタンパク質をコードするDNAが挿入されることにより、多量化能を有するタンパク質を含む融合タンパク質を発現させることができるベクター
(b)蛍光タンパク質をコードするDNAとクローニング部位とを含み、該クローニング部位に任意のタンパク質をコードするDNAが挿入されることにより、蛍光タンパク質を含む融合タンパク質を発現させることができるベクター
(c)第13の融合タンパク質をコードするベクター
(d)第14の融合タンパク質をコードするベクター
(e)第15の融合タンパク質をコードするベクター
(f)第13の融合タンパク質
(g)第14の融合タンパク質
(h)第15の融合タンパク質。
(a)第1の多量化能を有するタンパク質をコードするDNAと、蛍光タンパク質をコードするDNAと、クローニング部位とを含み、該クローニング部位に任意のタンパク質をコードするDNAが挿入されることにより、第1の多量化能を有するタンパク質、前記蛍光タンパク質及び前記任意のタンパク質を含む融合タンパク質を発現させることができるベクター
(b)第2の多量化能を有するタンパク質をコードするDNAと、蛍光タンパク質をコードするDNAと、クローニング部位とを含み、該クローニング部位に任意のタンパク質をコードするDNAが挿入されることにより、第2の多量化能を有するタンパク質、前記蛍光タンパク質及び前記任意のタンパク質を含む融合タンパク質を発現させることができるベクター
(c)第16の融合タンパク質をコードするベクター
(d)第17の融合タンパク質をコードするベクター
(e)第16の融合タンパク質
(f)第17の融合タンパク質。
本発明者らは、2つのタンパク質(第1のタンパク質及び第2のタンパク質)の相互作用の判定において、第1のタンパク質、多量化能を有するタンパク質及び蛍光タンパク質を含む第1の融合タンパク質と、第2のタンパク質及び多量化能を有するタンパク質を含む第2の融合タンパク質との利用を構想した(図1 参照)。より具体的には、これら2つの融合タンパク質を細胞内に発現させた場合において、第1のタンパク質と第2のタンパク質とが相互作用すれば、多量化能を有するタンパク質同士の多量体形成が誘導され、これにより融合タンパク質が自立的に会合体を形成し、融合タンパク質に含まれる蛍光タンパク質が蛍光輝点として検出される系の構築を考えた。
本検出系において、多量化能を有するタンパク質及び蛍光タンパク質からなる融合タンパク質として、p62タンパク質のPB1ドメインのC末にmAG1を融合してなるタンパク質タグ(PB1-mAG1)と、p62タンパク質のPB1ドメインのN末にmAG1を融合してなるタンパク質タグ(mAG1-PB1)とを各々コードする発現ベクター(pPB1-hmAG1-MCLinker及びphmAG1-PB1-MCLinker)を作製した。すなわち、PB1-mAG1をコードするヌクレオチド配列からなるDNA(配列番号:28に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるタンパク質をコードするDNA)の両端に、制限酵素サイトを配した配列番号:27に記載のヌクレオチド配列からなるDNAを人工合成した。また、mAG1-PB1をコードするヌクレオチド配列からなるDNA(配列番号:30に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるタンパク質をコードするDNA)の両端に、制限酵素サイトを配した配列番号:29に記載のヌクレオチド配列からなるDNAを人工合成した。そして、このようにして得られた合成DNAをNheI及びAgeIにて切断し、同じ制限酵素に組み合わせにて処理したphmAG1-MCLinker(Amalgaam有限会社製)に挿入することにより、pPB1-hmAG1-MCLinker及びphmAG1-PB1-MCLinkerを各々構築した。
次に、前記の通り作製したpPB1-hmAG1-MCLinkerを用い、本発明にかかる融合タンパク質(PB1-mAG1を融合したFKBP12変異体)を発現させるためのベクターを作製した。すなわち、FKBP12変異体をコードするヌクレオチド配列からなるDNA(配列番号:32に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるタンパク質をコードするDNA)の両端に、制限酵素サイトを配した配列番号:31に記載のヌクレオチド配列からなるDNAを人工合成した。そして、得られた合成DNAをEcoRI及びXhoIにて切断し、同じ制限酵素の組み合わせにて処理した前記pPB1-hmAG1-MCLinkerに挿入することにより、pPB1-hmAG1-FKBP12変異体を構築した。
次に、前記の通り作製したpPB1-hmAG1-FKBP12変異体をHEK293細胞に導入し、該細胞において本発明にかかる融合タンパク質を発現させた。すなわち、先ず、HEK293細胞を、10% FBS(EQUITECH社製)及び1% ペニシリン・ストレプトマイシン(Lifetechnology社製)を添加したDMEM(高グルコース、SIGMA ALDRICH社製)にて培養した。そして、遺伝子導入の前日に、このようにして培養したHEK293細胞を8ウェルチャンバースライド(Nunc社製)に播種し、1ウェルあたり200μLの培養液にて培養を行った。次いで、OptiMEM(Life Technologies社製)10μLにpPB1-hmAG1-FKBP12変異体100ngを希釈し、ターボフェクトトランスフェクション試薬(Turbofect、Thermo Scientific社製)を0.4μL添加した後、攪拌した。そして、それを更に培養液100μLと混合した後、HEK293細胞に添加し、20時間培養した。
前記遺伝子導入処理を施したHEK293細胞を、IX-71倒立顕微鏡(オリンパス社製、対物レンズの倍率:20倍)、U-MGFPHQフィルター(オリンパス社製)及びORCA-ERデジタルカメラ(浜松ホトニクス社製)を用いて観察した。FKBP12変異体のホモ2量体形成は、500nM B/Bホモダイメリザー(AP20187、B/B Homodimerizer、タカラバイオ社製)を培地に添加して誘導した。また、薬剤添加後、継時的に画像を取得した。得られた結果を図9に示す。
本発明者らは、タンパク質間相互作用を判定する別の系、すなわち第1のタンパク質及び会合誘導タンパク質を含む第1の融合タンパク質と、第2のタンパク質及び多量化能を有する蛍光タンパク質を含む第2の融合タンパク質とを細胞内に発現させ、第1の融合タンパク質と第2の融合タンパク質との会合により生じる蛍光輝点を検出することにより、第1のタンパク質と第2のタンパク質との相互作用を判定する系を発明している(特許文献4 参照)。
特許文献4に記載の検出系において、前記会合誘導タンパク質としてp62タンパク質のPB1ドメインを選択し、また多量化能を有する蛍光タンパク質としてAGを選択し、コドンをヒト化したAGをコードするDNA(hAG)を用いた。
次に、本発明の方法により、ホモ2量体の可逆的な形成を判定できるかどうか、すなわち一度形成された蛍光輝点がホモ2量体の解消に応じて消失するかどうかを検証した。
前記pPB1-hmAG1-FKBP12変異体をHEK293細胞に導入し、本発明にかかる融合タンパク質(PB1-hmAG1-FKBP12変異体)を恒常的に発現する細胞を作製した。すなわち、前記発現ベクター導入の前日に、HEK293細胞を35mmディッシュ(BD Falcon社製)に播種し、1.5mLの前記培養液にて培養した。そして、OptiMEM(Life Technologies社製)100μLにpPB1-hmAG1-FKBP12変異体1μgを希釈し、ポリフェクト(登録商標)トランスフェクション試薬(QIAGEN社製)を10μLを添加した後、攪拌した。次いで、更に培養液600μLと混合した後、HEK293細胞に添加し、20時間培養した。その後、500μg/mLの濃度となるようにG418を添加し、さらに1週間培養した。次いで、生存した細胞をトリプシン溶液で剥離し、0.5個/ウェルとなるようにG418(500μg/ml)を含む培養液にて希釈した後、96ウェルプレートにて培養した。そして、単一コロニーを形成した細胞を拡大培養した。
前記にて樹立した、PB1-hmAG1-FKBP12変異体を恒常的に発現する細胞を実施例1に記載の方法と同様の方法にて観察した。また、定常状態にて蛍光輝点が無いことを確認した後、500nM B/Bホモダイメリザーを培養液に加え、150分間、継時的に細胞を撮影した。なお、この観察において、前記実施例1同様に、FKBP12変異体のホモ2量体形成を示す蛍光輝点の発生が確認された。次に、B/Bホモダイメリザーを含む培養液を、通常培養に用いる培養液に置換することにより細胞を洗浄した。その後、500nM B/Bウオッシュアウトリガンドを添加し、100分間、継時的に画像を取得した。得られた結果を図11に示す。
前記方法により継時的に撮影した画像を、icy画像解析プログラム(http://icy.bioimageanalysis.org/)のスポット検出(spot detector)を用いて解析した。また、各画像にて、操作時間(分)をX軸とし、蛍光輝点の領域を線で囲い、その囲みの中の蛍光強度を合計した数値をY軸とし、グラフに示した。なお、spot detectorによる解析は、各パラメーター(各処理経路)を以下のようにセッティングして行った。
プレプロセッシング(Pre Processing):無し、
検出(Detector):冗長ウェーブレット変換による検出(UDWTWaveletDetector)、暗背景よりも明るい輝点を検出する(Detect bright spot over dark background)、
測定可能なスケール(Scale enabled):スケール 3、閾値 50。
得られた結果を図12に示す。
本発明により、ホモ多量体形成も判定できるかどうかを以下に示す材料及び方法にて検証した。なお、この検証は、p53タンパク質のホモ多量体形成を対象として行った(当該ホモ多量体形成については、Yoko Itahanaら、J Biol Chem.、2009年、284巻、8号、5158~5164ページ 参照のこと)。
p53をコードするヌクレオチド配列(NCBI RefSeq アクセッション番号:NP_000537に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるタンパク質をコードするヌクレオチド配列)の5’末端及び3’末端に、各々BamHI認識配列及び終止コドンとNotI認識配列が付加してなるヌクレオチド配列を設計した。そして、当該ヌクレオチド配列からなるDNAを人工合成し、BamHIとNotIとで切断した後、同じ制限酵素の組み合わせにて処理した、phmAG1-PB1-MCLinker及びphmAG1-MCLinker(Amalgaam有限会社製)に挿入することにより、phmAG1-PB1-p53及びphmAG1-p53を作製した。
p53タンパク質のN末にタンパク質タグを有する融合タンパク質をコードする前記発現ベクターの他、C末にタンパク質タグを有する融合タンパク質をコードする発現ベクターも、以下に示す方法にて作製した。
前記にて作製した発現ベクターを導入する細胞としてU2OS細胞を選択し、先ず、この細胞を10% FBS(EQUITECH社製)及び1% ペニシリン・ストレプトマイシン(Lifetechnology社製)を添加したDMEM(高グルコース、SIGMA ALDRICH社製)にて培養した。そして、前記発現ベクター導入の前日に、これら細胞を35mmディッシュ(BD Falcon社製)に播種し、1.5mlの培養液にて培養した。次いで、OptiMEM(Life Technologies社製)100μLにて、発現ベクター(phmAG1-PB1-p53、phmAG1-p53、pp53-hmAG1-PB1又はpp53-hmAG1)1μgを希釈し、ポリフェクト(登録商標)トランスフェクション試薬(QIAGEN社製)を10μL添加した後、攪拌した。更に培養液600μLと混合した後、各発現ベクター混合溶液を培養細胞に添加し、さらに20時間培養した。
前記にて、各遺伝子導入を行った細胞を、ヘキスト33342(Dojindo社製)を1μg/mlとなるように希釈したハンクス平衡塩液(Hanks’Balanced Salt Solutions、Life Technologies社製)及び20mM HEPES(同仁化学社製)からなるpH7.4緩衝液中にて観察した。得られた結果を、図13及び14に示す。なお、図13及び14に示した顕微鏡写真は、対物レンズの倍率を40倍にして観察した結果である。
上述のホモ多量体形成のみならず、ヘテロ多量体形成の判定においても、図1に示す系は有効であることを確認した。なお、この検証において検出対象としたのは、p53タンパク質とMDM2タンパク質との相互作用であり、また該相互作用の阻害剤として知られているNutlin-3(ヌトリン-3)も本確認実験において用いた(Vassilev LT ら、Science、2004年2月6日、303号、5659巻、844~848ページ 参照)。さらに、本確認実験において、前記多量化能を有するタンパク質としてp62タンパク質のPB1ドメインを用い、また蛍光タンパク質としてmAG1タンパク質を用いた。
p62タンパク質のPB1ドメインをN末に融合させたp53の部分ペプチド(PB1-p53(70))を、第2の融合タンパク質として細胞において発現させるべく、以下の通りにして、pPB1-p53(70)ベクターを調製した。
p62タンパク質のPB1ドメイン及びmAG1をN末に融合させたMDM2(PB1-mAG1-MDM2)を、第1の融合タンパク質として細胞において発現させるべく、以下の通りにして、pPB1-hmAG1-MDM2ベクターを調製した。
なお、pPB1-MDM2は、p62タンパク質のPB1ドメインをN末に融合させたMDM2タンパク質(PB1-MDM2)を、第2の融合タンパク質として発現させるためのプラスミドベクターであり、その調製方法等については後述の実施例13を参照のこと。
p62タンパク質のPB1ドメイン及びmAG1をC末に融合させたp53の部分ペプチド(p53(70)-mAG1-PB1))を、第1の融合タンパク質として細胞において発現させるべく、以下の通りにして、pp53(70)-hmAG1-PB1ベクターを調製した。
下記(A)又は(B)に記載の組み合わせにて、融合タンパク質を細胞内に発現させるべく、これら融合タンパク質をコードする前記ベクターを、以下に示す方法にてHEK293細胞に導入した。
(A)PB1-p53(70)及びPB1-mAG1-MDM2
(B)p53(70)-mAG1-PB1及びPB1-MDM2。
遺伝子導入処理を施したHEK293細胞を、IX-81倒立顕微鏡、U-MNIBA3フィルター(オリンパス社製)、ORCA-Flash 4.0デジタルカメラ(浜松ホトニクス社製)を用いて観察した。p53とMDM2とのタンパク質間相互作用の阻害剤として、ヌトリン-3を最終濃度40μMになるよう培養液に添加した。当該薬剤を添加した後、室温で30分間静置し、細胞を観察した。ヌトリン-3の添加前と添加してから30分後の画像を図15及び16に示す。
タンパク質間相互作用の判定における、図1に示す系の有効性について、以下に示す方法にて確認した。なお、この検証において検出対象としたのは、mTORタンパク質のFRBドメイン(以下「mTOR(FRB domain)」とも称する)とFKBP12タンパク質とであり、これらタンパク質は、ラパマイシン(rapamycin)の存在下において相互作用することが知られている(Chen J ら、Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.、1995年5月23日、92巻11号、4947~4951ページ 参照)。また、本確認実験においても、実施例5同様に、前記多量化能を有するタンパク質としてp62タンパク質のPB1ドメインを用い、また蛍光タンパク質としてmAG1タンパク質を用いた。
FKBP12タンパク質のN末に、p62タンパク質のPB1ドメイン及びmAG1タンパク質が融合しているタンパク質(PB1-mAG1-FKBP12)を発現させるためのベクター(pPB1-hmAG1-FKBP12)を構築するに際して、先ずpPB1-FKBP12ベクターを以下のようにして作製した。
mTORタンパク質のFRBドメインのC末に、p62タンパク質のPB1ドメインが融合しているタンパク質(mTOR(FRB domain)-PB1)を発現させるためのベクター(pmTOR(FRB domain)-PB1)を、以下の通りにして調製した。 mTORタンパク質の一部(mTORタンパク質の2025~2114位のアミノ酸からなる領域、配列番号:41に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるポリペプチド)をコードするヌクレオチド配列の両端に、EcoRI及びXhoIの認識サイトを各々配したDNAを人工合成した。次いで、得られた合成DNAをEcoRI及びXhoIにて切断し、同じ制限酵素の組み合わせにて処理したpAsh-MNLinkerに挿入することにより、mTOR(FRB domain)-PB1をコードする発現ベクター(pmTOR(FRB domain)-PB1)を作製した。
下記(C)に記載の組み合わせにて、融合タンパク質を細胞内に発現させるべく、これら融合タンパク質をコードする前記ベクターを、実施例4に記載の方法と同様の方法にてHEK293細胞に導入した。
(C)PB1-mAG1-FKBP12及びmTOR(FRB domain)-PB1
<細胞の観察>
遺伝子導入処理を施したHEK293細胞を、実施例4に記載の方法と同様の方法にて観察した。また、mTOR(FRB domain)とFKBP12とのタンパク質間相互作用の誘導剤として、ラパマイシンを最終濃度500nMになるよう培養液に添加した。当該薬剤を添加した後、室温で30分間静置し、細胞を観察した。各薬剤の添加前と添加してから30分後の画像を図17に示す。
タンパク質間相互作用の判定における、図2に示す系の有効性について以下に示す方法にて確認した。なお、この検証において検出対象としたのは、p53タンパク質とMDM2タンパク質との相互作用であり、また該相互作用の阻害剤として知られているヌトリン-3も本確認実験において用いた。さらに、本確認実験において、前記多量化能を有するタンパク質としてp62タンパク質のPB1ドメインを用いた。また蛍光タンパク質としてmAG1タンパク質を用い、当該蛍光タンパク質を、p53タンパク質及びMDM2タンパク質双方に直接又は間接的に結合させてなる融合タンパク質を用いた。
PB1p62タンパク質のPB1ドメインのC末にmAG融合させてなるタンパク質をコードするDNA断片の両端に、NheI及びAgeIの認識サイトを各々配したDNA(配列番号:27に記載のヌクレオチド配列からなるDNA)を人工合成した。当該DNAをNheI及びAgeIで切断し、PB1p62タンパク質のPB1ドメインをコードするDNAを除いたpAsh-MNLinkerに挿入することにより、pPB1hmAG1-MNLinkerプラスミドベクターを調製した。
p62タンパク質のPB1ドメイン及びmAG1をC末に融合させたp53の部分ペプチド(p53(70)-PB1-mAG1)を、第1の融合タンパク質として細胞において発現させるべく、以下の通りにして、pp53(70)-PB1-hmAG1ベクターを調製した。
下記(A)又は(B)に記載の組み合わせにて、融合タンパク質を細胞内に発現させるべく、これら融合タンパク質をコードする前記ベクターを、実施例5に記載の方法と同様の方法にてHEK293細胞に導入した。
(A)p53(70)-mAG1-PB1及びPB1-mAG1-MDM2
(B)p53(70)-PB1-mAG1及びPB1-mAG1-MDM2。
遺伝子導入処理を施したHEK293細胞を、実施例4に記載の方法と同様の方法にて観察した。すなわち、p53とMDM2とのタンパク質間相互作用の阻害剤として、ヌトリン-3を最終濃度40μMになるよう培養液に添加した。当該薬剤を添加した後、室温で30分間静置し、細胞を観察した。ヌトリン-3の添加前と添加してから30分後の画像を図18及び19に示す。
タンパク質間相互作用の判定における、図2に示す系の有効性について、以下に示す方法にて確認した。なお、この検証において検出対象としたのは、mTOR(FRB domain)とFKBP12タンパク質とのタンパク質間相互作用であり、また当該相互作用を誘導するラパマイシンも本系において用いた。また、本確認実験においても、実施例7同様に、前記多量化能を有するタンパク質としてp62タンパク質のPB1ドメインを用い、また蛍光タンパク質としてmAG1タンパク質を用いた。
mTORタンパク質のFRBドメインのC末に、mAG1及びp62タンパク質のPB1ドメインが融合しているタンパク質(mTOR(FRB domain)-mAG1-PB1)を発現させるためのベクター(pmTOR(FRB domain)-hmAG1-PB1)を、以下の通りにして調製した。
下記(C)に記載の組み合わせにて、融合タンパク質を細胞内に発現させるべく、これら融合タンパク質をコードする前記ベクターを、実施例5に記載の方法と同様の方法にてHEK293細胞に導入した。
(C)mTOR(FRB domain)-mAG1-PB1及びPB1-mAG1-FKBP12。
遺伝子導入処理を施したHEK293細胞を、実施例5に記載の方法と同様の方法にて観察した。すなわち、mTOR(FRB domain)とFKBP12とのタンパク質間相互作用の誘導剤として、ラパマイシンを最終濃度500nMになるよう培養液に添加した。当該薬剤を添加した後、室温で30分間静置し、細胞を観察した。各薬剤の添加前と添加してから30分後の画像を図20及び21に示す。
実施例1における蛍光タンパク質をmAG1からDG1又はmCherryに変更し、以下に示す方法にて、本発明において用いる蛍光タンパク質はmAG1に限定されないことを確認した。
FKBP12変異体のN末に、p62タンパク質のPB1ドメイン及びDronpa―Green1蛍光タンパク質が融合しているタンパク質(PB1-DG1-FKBP12変異体)を発現させるためのベクター(pPB1-hDG1-FKBP12変異体)を、以下の通りにして調製した。
FKBP12変異体のN末に、p62タンパク質のPB1ドメイン及びmCherry蛍光タンパク質が融合しているタンパク質(PB1-mCherry-FKBP12変異体)を発現させるためのベクター(pPB1-mCherry-FKBP12変異体)を、以下の通りにして調製した。
PB1-hDG1-FKBP12変異体又はPB1-mCherry-FKBP12変異体を、細胞内に発現させるべく、これら融合タンパク質をコードする前記ベクターを、実施例4に記載の方法と同様の方法にてHEK293細胞に導入した。
遺伝子導入処理を施したHEK293細胞はIX-81倒立顕微鏡、ORCA-Flash 4.0デジタルカメラを用いて観察した。DG1及びmCherryの観察には、それぞれU-MNIBA3フィルター(オリンパス社製)及びU-MWIG3フィルター(オリンパス社製)を用いた。FKBP12変異体のホモ2量体の形成は、500nM B/Bホモダイメリザーを加えて誘導した。当該薬剤を添加してから室温で静置し、添加してから1、2及び3時間経過後に細胞を観察した。薬剤の添加前と添加してから1、2及び3時間後の画像を、図22及び23に示す。
本発明において、多量化能を有するタンパク質として、p62タンパク質のPB1ドメイン以外のタンパク質も利用できることを確認した。すなわち、実施例1に記載の方法において、当該PB1ドメインの代わりに、Tankyrase1タンパク質のSAMドメインを用いて、FKBP12タンパク質変異体のホモ2量体形成の検出を、以下に示す材料及び方法にて行った。
FKBP12変異体のN末に、Tankyrase1タンパク質のSAMドメイン及びmAG1が融合しているタンパク質(Tankyrase-mAG1-FKBP12変異体)を発現させるためのベクター(pTankyrase-hmAG1-FKBP12変異体)を、以下の通りにして調製した。
HEK293細胞を、10% FBS及び1% ペニシリン・ストレプトマイシンを添加したDMEM(高グルコース)にて培養した。そして、遺伝子導入前日に8ウェルチャンバースライドに播種した。1ウェルあたり、200μLの培養液で培養した。次いで、OptiMEM 10μLにプラスミドを200ng混合したDNA溶液を調製し、Fugene HD(Promega社製)を0.8μl添加した後、攪拌した。それを更に培養液100μlと混合した後、HEK293細胞に添加し、20時間培養した。
遺伝子導入処理を施したHEK293細胞はIX-81倒立顕微鏡及びORCA-Flash 4.0デジタルカメラを用いて観察した。観察には、U-MNIBA3フィルターを用いた。FKBP12変異体のホモ2量体形成は、500nM B/Bホモダイメリザーを培地に添加し、誘導した。また、薬剤添加後、室温にて静置し、3時間経過後に細胞を観察した。薬剤の添加前と添加3時間後とに得られた画像を図24に示す。
実施例9同様に、本発明において、多量化能を有するタンパク質として、p62タンパク質のPB1ドメイン以外のタンパク質も利用できることを確認した。すなわち、実施例3に記載の方法において、当該PB1ドメインの代わりに、Tankyrase1タンパク質のSAMドメイン、PKCiotaタンパク質のPB1ドメイン、TELタンパク質のSAMドメイン又はDGKdeltaタンパク質のSAMドメインを用いて、p53タンパク質のホモ多量体形成の検出を、以下に示す材料及び方法にて行った。
p53のN末に、Tankyrase1タンパク質のSAMドメイン及びmAG1が融合しているタンパク質(Tankyrase-mAG1-p53)を発現させるためのベクター(pTankyrase-hmAG1-p53)を、以下の通りにして調製した。
p53のN末に、PKCiotaタンパク質のPB1ドメイン及びmAG1が融合しているタンパク質(PKCi-mAG1-p53)を発現させるためのベクター(pTankyrase-hmAG1-p53)を、以下の通りにして調製した。
p53のN末に、TELタンパク質のSAMドメイン及びmAG1が融合しているタンパク質(TEL-mAG1-p53)を発現させるためのベクター(pTEL-hmAG1-p53)を、以下の通りにして調製した。
p53のN末に、DGKdeltaタンパク質のSAMドメイン及びmAG1が融合しているタンパク質(DGKd-mAG1-p53)を発現させるためのベクター(pDGKd-hmAG1-p53)を、以下の通りにして調製した。
HEK293細胞を、10% FBS及び1% ペニシリン・ストレプトマイシンを添加したDMEM(高グルコース)にて培養した。そして、遺伝子導入前日に8ウェルチャンバースライドに播種し、1ウェルあたり、200μLの培養液で培養した。次いで、OptiMEM 10μLにプラスミドを200ng混合したDNA溶液を調製し、Fugene HD を0.8μl添加した後、攪拌した。それを更に培養液100μlと混合した後、HEK293細胞に添加し、48時間培養した。
遺伝子導入処理を施したHEK293細胞はIX-81倒立顕微鏡、ORCA-Flash 4.0デジタルカメラを用いて観察した。観察には、U-MNIBA3フィルターを用いた。得られた結果を図25に示す。
本発明によって、シグナル伝達依存的に形成されるホモ2量体を検出できることを、以下に示す方法にて確認した。EGF、GPCR等が関与するシグナル伝達経路が活性化されると、その下流に位置するERK2がリン酸化され、活性化される。そして当該活性化に伴い、ERK2はホモ2量体を形成することが知られている(Harvey CDら、Proc Natl Acad Sci USA、2008年、105巻、49号、19264~19269ページ、Khokhlatchev AVら、Cell、1998年、93巻、4号、605~615ページ 参照)。そこで、本発明によって当該ホモ2量体形成の検出を試みた。なお、本確認実験において、多量化能を有するタンパク質としてp62タンパク質のPB1ドメインを用い、また蛍光タンパク質としてmAG1タンパク質を用いた。また、前記ERK2の活性化は、細胞質及び核内にて生じることも明らかになっている(Ebisuya Mら、J Cell Sci.、2005年、118(Pt 14)、2997~3002ページ 参照)。
ERK2のC末に、mAG1及びp62タンパク質のPB1ドメインを融合しているタンパク質(ERK2-mAG1-PB1及びERK2-PB1-mAG1)を発現させるためのベクター(pERK2-hmAG1-PB1及びpERK2-PB1-hmAG1)を、以下の通りにして調製した。
前記にて作製した発現ベクターを導入する細胞としてHEK293細胞を選択し、先ず、この細胞を10% FBS(EQUITECH社製)及び1% ペニシリン・ストレプトマイシンを添加したDMEM(高グルコース)にて培養した。そして、前記発現ベクター導入の前日に、これら細胞を35mmディッシュに播種し、1.5mlの培養液にて培養した。次いで、OptiMEM 100μLにて、発現ベクター(pERK2-hmAG1-PB1又はpERK2-PB1-hmAG1)1μgを希釈し、ポリフェクト(登録商標)トランスフェクション試薬を10μL添加した後、攪拌した。更に培養液600μLと混合した後、各発現ベクター溶液を培養細胞に添加した。pERK2-hmAG1PB1導入細胞については、ベクターを導入してから20時間後に観察を行った。pERK2-PB1-hmAG1導入細胞については、500μg/mLの濃度となるようにG418を添加し、更に1週間培養した。次いで、生存した細胞をトリプシン溶液で剥離し、0.5個/ウェルとなるようにG418(500μg/ml)を含む培養液にて希釈した後、96ウェルプレートにて培養した。そして、単一コロニーを形成した細胞を拡大培養した。
前記遺伝子導入処理を施したHEK293細胞を、ハンクス平衡塩液及び20mM HEPESからなるpH7.4緩衝液中で4時間培養し、血清飢餓状態とした。その後、IX-71倒立顕微鏡(対物レンズの倍率:20倍)、U-MGFPHQフィルター及びORCA-ERデジタルカメラを用いて観察した。ERK2のホモ2量体形成は、EGF(上皮細胞増殖因子、シグマアルドリッチ社製)を最終濃度が50ng/mlとなるように同緩衝液に添加して誘導した。EGF添加前、及び、添加8分後の画像を、図26及び27に示す。
本発明によって、シグナル伝達依存的に形成されるホモ2量体を検出できることを、以下に示す方法にて確認した。すなわち、IL-6等が関与するシグナル伝達経路が活性化されると、その下流に位置するSTAT3がリン酸化され、活性化される。そして当該活性化に伴い、STAT3はホモ2量体を形成し、細胞外のシグナルが核内に伝達されることが知られている(Becker Sら、Nature、1998年、394巻、6689号、145~151ページ、Johnston PAら、Mol Interv.、2011年、11巻、1号、18~26ページ 参照)。そこで、本発明によってSTAT3のホモ2量体形成の検出を試みた。なお、本確認実験において、多量化能を有するタンパク質としてp62タンパク質のPB1ドメインを用い、また蛍光タンパク質としてmAG1タンパク質を用いた。
STAT3のN末に、p62タンパク質のPB1ドメイン及びmAG1を融合しているタンパク質(PB1-mAG1-STAT3)を発現させるためのベクター(pPB1-hmAG1-STAT3)を、以下の通りにして調製した。
前記にて作製した発現ベクターを導入する細胞としてHEK293細胞を選択し、先ず、この細胞を10% FBS及び1% ペニシリン・ストレプトマイシンを添加したDMEM(高グルコース)にて培養した。そして、前記発現ベクター導入の前日に、これら細胞を35mmディッシュに播種し、1.5mlの培養液にて培養した。次いで、OptiMEM 100μLにて、発現ベクター(pPB1-hmAG1-STAT3)1μgを希釈し、ポリフェクト(登録商標)トランスフェクション試薬を10μL添加した後、攪拌した。更に培養液600μLと混合した後、各発現ベクター混合溶液を培養細胞に添加した。その後、500μg/mLの濃度となるようにG418を添加し、更に1週間培養した。次いで、生存した細胞をトリプシン溶液で剥離し、0.5個/ウェルとなるようにG418(500μg/ml)を含む培養液にて希釈した後、96ウェルプレートにて培養した。そして、単一コロニーを形成した細胞を拡大培養した。
前記PB1-mAG1-STAT3を恒常的に発現するHEK293細胞を、ハンクス平衡塩液及び20mM HEPESからなるpH7.4緩衝液中で4時間培養し、血清飢餓状態とした。その後、IX-71倒立顕微鏡(対物レンズの倍率:20倍)、U-MGFPHQフィルター及びORCA-ERデジタルカメラを用いて観察した。STAT3のホモ2量体形成は、ヒトリコンビナントIL-6(R&Dシステムズ社製)を最終濃度が100ng/mlとなるように同緩衝液に添加して誘導した。IL-6添加前、及び、添加50分後の画像を、図28に示す。
実施例1~12において示した通り、タンパク質間相互作用の判定において、図1及び2に示す系は有効であることが明らかになった。次に、本発明者は、かかる系の別態様として図3に示す系を構想した。
本発明にかかる第3及び第4の融合タンパク質、すなわちp53タンパク質及びp62タンパク質のPB1ドメインを含む融合タンパク質(p53-PB1)と、MDM2タンパク質及びp62タンパク質のPB1ドメインを含む融合タンパク質(PB1-MDM2)とを、細胞内において発現させるため、以下に示す方法にて各融合タンパク質をコードする発現ベクターを作製した。
前記第5の融合タンパク質を細胞内において発現させるため、以下に示す方法にて発現ベクターを作製した。すなわち先ず、p62タンパク質のPB1ドメインをコードするヌクレオチド配列からなるDNA(配列番号:38に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるタンパク質をコードするDNA)の両端に、制限酵素サイトを配した配列番号:37に記載のヌクレオチド配列からなるDNAを人工合成した。次いで、得られた合成DNAをEcoRI及びNotIにて切断し、同じ制限酵素に組み合わせにて処理したphmAG1-MCLinker(Amalgaam有限会社製)に挿入することにより、mAG1及びp62タンパク質のPB1ドメインからなる融合タンパク質(mAG1-PB1)をコードする発現ベクター(phmAG1-PB1)を構築した。
次に、前記にて作製したphmAG1-PB1をHeLaS3細胞に導入し、本発明にかかる第5の融合タンパク質(mAG1-PB1)を恒常的に発現する細胞を樹立した。すなわち、先ず、HeLaS3細胞を、10% FBS(EQUITECH社製)を添加したDMEM(低グルコース、SIGMA ALDRICH社製)にて培養した。そして、遺伝子導入の前日に、HeLaS3細胞を35mmディッシュ(BD Falcon社製)に播種し、1.5mLの培養液にて培養した。次いで、OptiMEM(Life Technologies社製)100μLに、phmAG1-PB1 1μgを希釈し、ポリフェクト(登録商標)トランスフェクション試薬(QIAGEN社製)を10μL添加した後、攪拌した。更に培養液600μLと混合した後、HeLaS3細胞に添加し、20時間培養した。その後、500μg/mLの濃度となるようにG418を添加し、更に1週間培養した。次いで、生存した細胞をトリプシン溶液で剥離し、0.5個/ウェルとなるようにG418(500μg/ml)を含む培養液にて希釈した後、96ウェルプレートにて培養した。そして、単一コロニーを形成した細胞を拡大培養した。
前記細胞にて、恒常的に発現させているmAG1-PB1に加え、p53(70)-PB1及びPB1-MDM2を発現させるために、以下に示す方法にてpp53(70)-PB1及びpPB1-MDM2を該細胞に導入した。
前記にて調製した、以下に示す3種の細胞を実施例1に記載の方法にて観察した
mAG1-PB1が恒常的に発現し、更にp53(70)-PB1及びPB1-MDM2が発現している細胞、
mAG1-PB1が恒常的に発現し、更にp53(70)-PB1及びp62タンパク質のPB1ドメインが発現している細胞(陰性対照)、
mAG1-PB1が恒常的に発現し、更にPB1-MDM及びp62タンパク質のPB1ドメインが発現している細胞(陰性対照)。
得られた結果を図29に示す。
実施例13同様に、タンパク質間相互作用の判定における、図3に示す系の有効性について、以下に示す方法にて確認した。なお、この検証において検出対象としたのは、mTOR(FRB domain)とFKBP12タンパク質とのタンパク質間相互作用であり、また当該相互作用を誘導するラパマイシンも本系において用いた。さらに、本確認実験において、多量化能を有するタンパク質としてp62タンパク質のPB1ドメインを用い、また蛍光タンパク質としてmAG1タンパク質を用いた。
本発明にかかる第3の融合タンパク質として、mTOR(FRB domain)のC末にp62タンパク質のPB1ドメインを融合してなるタンパク質(mTOR(FRB domain)-PB1)を発現させるためのベクターを、実施例5に記載の通りに作製した。
本発明にかかる第3の融合タンパク質として、mTOR(FRB domain)のN末にp62タンパク質のPB1ドメインを融合してなるタンパク質(PB1-mTOR(FRB domain))を発現させるためのベクター(pPB1-mTOR(FRB domain))を、以下の通りに作製した。
本発明にかかる第4の融合タンパク質として、FKBP12タンパク質のC末にp62タンパク質のPB1ドメインを融合してなるタンパク質(FKBP12-PB1)を発現させるためのベクター(pFKBP12-PB1)を、以下の通りに作製した。
本発明にかかる第4の融合タンパク質として、FKBP12タンパク質のN末にp62タンパク質のPB1ドメインを融合してなるタンパク質(PB1-FKBP12)を発現させるためのプラスミドベクター(pPB1-FKBP12)を、実施例5に記載の通りに調製した。
(A)PB1-mTOR(FRB domain)、PB1-FKBP12及びmAG1PB1
(B)PB1-mTOR(FRB domain)、FKBP12-PB1及びmAG1PB1
(C)mTOR(FRB domain)-PB1、PB1-FKBP12及びmAG1PB1
(D)mTOR(FRB domain)-PB1、FKBP12-PB1及びmAG1PB1
上記(A)~(D)に記載の組み合わせにて、融合タンパク質を発現させるために、以下に示す方法にて各ベクターをHEK293細胞に導入した。
前記にて調製した細胞の培養液を除き、ハンクス平衡塩液及び20mM HEPESからなるpH7.4緩衝液100μLを添加した。次いで、細胞をIN Cell Analyzer 1000を用いて観察した。また、各ウェルに、最終濃度500nMとなるようにラパマイシンを添加し、室温で1時間静置した後、細胞を観察した。得られた結果を図31に示す。
以上の通り、タンパク質間相互作用の判定において、図1~3に示す系は有効であることが明らかになった。次に、本発明者は、かかる系の別態様として図4に示す系を構想した。
アフィニティタグとして前記mTOR(FRB domain)を選択し、このタグを融合させたCD80タンパク質(CD80-FRB)を、第1及び第2の標識化タンパク質として細胞内において発現させるべく、以下の通りにpCD80-FRBベクターを調製した。
前記同様に、アフィニティタグとしてmTOR(FRB domain)を融合させたCD2タンパク質(CD2-FRB)を、第1及び第2の標識化タンパク質として細胞内において発現させるべく、以下の通りにベクターを調製した。
アフィニティタグに対して親和性を有する結合パートナーとしてFKBP12を、多量化能を有するタンパク質としてp62のPB1ドメインを、蛍光タンパク質としてmAG1を選択した。そして、これらタンパク質が融合してなる、PB1-hmAG1-FKBP12を、第6の融合タンパク質として細胞内において発現させるべく、実施例5に記載の通り、pPB1-hmAG1-FKBP12ベクターを調製した。
下記(A)又は(B)の組み合わせにて、融合タンパク質を発現させるべく、以下に示す方法にて、前記にて調製したプラスミドベクターを、HEK293細胞に導入した。
(A)CD80-FRB及びPB1-mAG1-FKBP12
(B)CD2-FRB及びPB1-mAG1-FKBP12。
観察前に、遺伝子導入処理を施したHEK293細胞の培養液を、500nMのラパマイシンを含有する観察緩衝液(ハンクス平衡塩液及び20mM HEPESからなる、pH7.4の緩衝液)に置換した。当該薬剤を添加した緩衝液に置換した後、室温で30分間静置した。そして、IX-71倒立顕微鏡、U-MGFPHQフィルター及びORCA-ERデジタルカメラを用いて、細胞を観察した。得られた結果を、図32に示す。
次に、本発明者は、図1等に示した系に基づき、3以上のタンパク質間の相互作用を検出するための一態様として、図7に示す系を構想した。
細胞内にて、多量化能を有するタンパク質としてp62のPB1ドメインをN末に融合させたp50タンパク質(PB1-p50)を、第13の融合タンパク質として発現させるべく、以下に示す通り、pPB1-p50ベクターを構築した。
細胞内にて、多量化能を有するタンパク質としてp62のPB1ドメインをC末に融合させたp65タンパク質(p65-PB1)を、第14の融合タンパク質として発現させるべく、以下に示す通り、pp65-PB1ベクターを構築した。
細胞内にて、蛍光タンパク質としてmKO2をN末に融合させたIκBαタンパク質(mKO2-IκBα)を、第15の融合タンパク質として発現させるべく、以下に示す通り、phmKO2-IκBαベクターを構築した。
下記(A)又は(B)の組み合わせにて融合タンパク質を発現させるために、実施例12に示す方法と同様の方法にて、前記にて調製したプラスミドベクターをHEK293細胞に導入した。
(A)PB1-p50、p65-PB1及びmKO2-IκBα
(B)PB1-p50及びmKO2-IκBα(陰性対照)。
遺伝子導入処理を施したHEK293細胞は、IX-71倒立顕微鏡、U-MGFPHQフィルター及びORCA-Flash4.0デジタルカメラを用いて観察した。得られた結果を図33に示す。
実施例16同様に、以下に示す材料及び方法にて、タンパク質間相互作用の判定における、図7に示す系の有効性について確認した。なお、この確認実験において検出対象としたのは、CDK4、CyclinD1及びp21によるヘテロ3量体形成である。細胞の核内にて、p21は、CDK4とCyclinD1とからなる複合体を認識し、相互作用することが知られている(LaBaer Jら、Genes Dev.、1997年4月1日、11巻7号847~862ページ 参照)。そして、かかるヘテロ3量体の形成により、CDK4とCyclinD1とからなる複合体によって促進される細胞周期の進行(G1期からS期への移行)が阻害されることも明らかになっている。
細胞内にて、多量化能を有するタンパク質としてp62のPB1ドメインをC末に融合させたp21タンパク質(p21-PB1)を、第13の融合タンパク質として発現させるべく、以下に示す通り、pp21-PB1ベクターを構築した。
細胞内にて、多量化能を有するタンパク質としてp62のPB1ドメインをC末に融合させたCDK4タンパク質(CDK4-PB1)を第14の融合タンパク質として発現させるべく、以下に示す通り、pCDK4-PB1ベクターを構築した。
陰性対照として、他のタンパク質を融合させていないCDK4タンパク質(CDK4)を発現させるべく、以下に示す通り、pCDK4ベクターを構築した。
細胞内にて、蛍光タンパク質としてmAG1をN末に融合させたCyclinD1タンパク質(mAG1-CyclinD1)を、第15の融合タンパク質として発現させるべく、以下に示す通り、phmAG1-CyclinD1ベクターを構築した。
下記(A)、(B)又は(C)の組み合わせにて融合タンパク質を発現させるために、実施例14に示す方法と同様の方法にて、前記にて調製したプラスミドベクターをHEK293細胞に導入した。
(A)mAG1-CyclinD1、p21-PB1及びCDK4-PB1
(B)mAG1-CyclinD1、p21-PB1及びPB1(陰性対照)
(C)mAG1-CyclinD1、p21-PB1及びCDK4(陰性対照)
なお、(B)においては、PB1(p62タンパク質のPB1ドメイン)を発現させるべく、pAsh-MNLinkerを細胞に導入した。
遺伝子導入処理を施したHEK293細胞は、実施例14に示す方法と同様の方法にて観察した。得られた結果を図34に示す。
実施例16及び17同様に、タンパク質間相互作用の判定における、図7に示す系の有効性について確認した。なお、この確認実験において検出対象としたのは、カルモジュリン(Calmodulin)と、ミオシン軽鎖キナーゼ2(myosin light chain kinase 2)の部分配列(M13ペプチド、M13peptide)とによる4量体形成である。カルモジュリンとM13ペプチドとの相互作用は、Gタンパク質共役受容体(GPCR)がリガンドを受容した際に生じる細胞内カルシウムイオン濃度の一過的な上昇(セカンドメッセンジャー)に応答して発生することが明らかになっている(Miyawaki A ら、Nature、1997年8月28日、388巻、6645号、882~887ページ 参照)。また、カルモジュリンと、M13ペプチド等のカルモジュリン結合ペプチドとの相互作用によって、これら各2分子からなる4量体が形成されることも明らかになっている(Ye Q ら、Biochemistry、2006年1月24日、45巻、3号、738~745ページ 参照)。そこで、かかる4量体形成を、図7に示した系によって検出できることを、以下に示す材料及び方法にて確認した。さらに、蛍光輝点の検出を通じて、細胞内カルシウムイオン濃度の経時的な変化を検出することも確認した。
細胞内にて、多量化能を有するタンパク質としてp62のPB1ドメインをC末に融合させたM13ペプチド(M13peptide-PB1)を、第13及び14の融合タンパク質として発現させるべく、以下に示す通り、pM13peptide-PB1ベクターを構築した。
細胞内にて、蛍光タンパク質としてmAG1をC末に融合させたカルモジュリンタンパク質(Calumodulin-mAG1)を、第15の融合タンパク質として発現させるべく、または蛍光タンパク質としてmUkG1をC末に融合させたカルモジュリンタンパク質(Calumodulin-mUkG1)を、第15の融合タンパク質として発現させるべく、以下に示す通り、pCalumodulin-hmAG1ベクター及びpCalumodulin-hmUkG1ベクターを構築した。
下記(A)又は(B)の組み合わせにて融合タンパク質を発現させるために、以下に示す方法にて、前記にて調製したプラスミドベクターをHeLaS3細胞に導入した。
(A)Calumodulin-mAG1及びM13peptide-PB1
(B)Calumodulin-mUkG1及びM13peptide-PB1
先ず、HeLaS3細胞を、10%FBS(EQUITECH社製)を含有するDMEM(低グルコース)にて培養した。次いで、HeLaS3細胞を遺伝子導入の前日に35mmガラスベースディッシュ(旭硝子社製)に播種した。そして、遺伝子導入の際には、OptiMEMにプラスミド(1μg+1μg)を希釈し、ポリフェクト(登録商標)トランスフェクション試薬を10μl添加し、攪拌した。さらに培養液600μlと混合した後、HeLaS3細胞に添加し、22時間培養した。
前記にて遺伝子導入し、22時間培養したHelaS3細胞を、ハンクス平衡塩液及び20mM HEPESからなるpH7.4緩衝液中にて、IX-71倒立顕微鏡、U-MGFPHQフィルター、ORCA-ERデジタルカメラを用いて観察した。その後、100μM ヒスタミン(Histamine、和光純薬工業社製)を添加し、継時的に蛍光画像を撮影した。なお、ヒスタミンは、HeLaS3細胞にも発現しているGPCRの1種 H1レセプターのリガンドとして機能することが明らかになっている。得られた結果を図35及び36に示す。
本発明者らは、上記結果に基づき、タンパク質間相互作用を判定するための系として、図8に示す系を構想した。
上述の通りに調製した、pTankyrase-hmAG1-p53、pPKCi-hmAG1-p53、pTEL-hmAG1-p53及びpDGKd-hmAG1-p53を、NheI及びAgeIにて制限酵素処理し、ヌクレオチド断片 Tankyrase-hmAG1、PKCi-hmAG1、TEL-hmAG1及びDGKd-hmAG1を調製した。そして、これらを同制限酵素にて処理し、PB1領域を除いたpPB1-p53(70)に、各々挿入することにより、以下のプラスミドベクターを調製した。
(a)pTankyrase-hmAG1-p53(70)、
(b)pPKCi-hmAG1-p53(70)、
(c)pTEL-hmAG1-p53(70)、
(d)pDGKd-hmAG1-p53(70)。
(f)pPKCi-hmAG1-MDM2、
(g)pTEL-hmAG1-MDM2、
(h)pDGKd-hmAG1-MDM2。
前述の通りにして調製したプラスミドベクター(a)~(h)を、下記組み合わせにて、以下に示す方法により、HEK293細胞に導入した。
組み合わせ1:プラスミドベクター(b)及び(h)、
組み合わせ2:プラスミドベクター(b)及び(g)、
組み合わせ3:プラスミドベクター(a)及び(f)、
組み合わせ4:プラスミドベクター(a)及び(h)、
組み合わせ5:プラスミドベクター(a)及び(g)、
組み合わせ6:プラスミドベクター(d)及び(f)、
組み合わせ7:プラスミドベクター(d)及び(g)、
組み合わせ8:プラスミドベクター(c)及び(e)、
組み合わせ9:プラスミドベクター(c)及び(h)。
前記培養後に細胞の培養液を除き、ハンクス平衡塩液及び20mM HEPESからなるpH7.4緩衝液100μLを添加した。そして、細胞をIN Cell Analyzer 1000を用いて観察を行なった。次に、各ウェルに、最終濃度40μMとなるようにヌトリン-3を添加した。室温で1時間静置したのち細胞を観察した。得られた結果を図37~45に示す。
<223> p62のPB1ドメイン
配列番号:3及び4
<223> TFGのPB1ドメイン
配列番号:5及び6
<223> PKCiotaのPB1ドメイン
配列番号:7及び8
<223> TELのSAMドメイン
配列番号:9及び10
<223> DGKdeltaのSAMドメイン
配列番号:11及び12
<223> Tankyrase-1のSAMドメイン
配列番号:13及び14
<223> コドンをヒト化した単量体アザミグリーン1(mAG1)
配列番号:15及び16
<223> 単量体ウミキノコ-グリーン(mUkG)
配列番号:17及び18
<223> 単量体クサビラオレンジ2(mKO2)
配列番号:19及び20
<223> 単量体ミドリイシ-シアン1(mMiCy)
配列番号:21及び22
<223> クサビラ-シアン1(KCy1)
配列番号:23及び24
<223> 二量体アザミグリーン(AB)(dAG(AB))
配列番号:25及び26
<223> TGuv
配列番号:27及び28
<223> PB1hmAG1
配列番号:29及び30
<223> hmAG1PB1
配列番号:31及び32
<223> FKBP12変異体
配列番号:33及び34
<223> p53
配列番号:35及び36
<223> MDM2
配列番号:37及び38
<223> PB1
配列番号:39及び40
<223> フュージョンレッド
配列番号:42及び43
<223> Tankyrase-hmAG1
配列番号:44及び45
<223> PKCiota-hmAG1
配列番号:46及び47
<223> TEL-hmAG1
配列番号:48及び49
<223> DGKdelt-hmAG1
配列番号:50及び51
<223> M13ペプチド
配列番号:52及び53
<223> カルモジュリン
Claims (18)
- 第1のタンパク質と第2のタンパク質との相互作用を判定するための方法であって、下記工程(1)~(3)を含む方法
(1) 第1のタンパク質、多量化能を有するタンパク質及び蛍光タンパク質を含む第1の融合タンパク質と、第2のタンパク質及び多量化能を有するタンパク質を含む第2の融合タンパク質とを、細胞内に発現させる又は細胞に導入する工程
(2) 前記細胞内における第1の融合タンパク質と第2の融合タンパク質との会合により生じる蛍光輝点を検出する工程
(3) 前記蛍光輝点の検出により、第1のタンパク質と第2のタンパク質との相互作用を判定する工程。 - 前記第2の融合タンパク質が、さらに蛍光タンパク質を含む融合タンパク質である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記蛍光タンパク質が単量体蛍光タンパク質である、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 第1のタンパク質と第2のタンパク質との相互作用を検出するための方法であって、下記工程(1)~(3)を含む方法
(1) 第1のタンパク質及び多量化能を有するタンパク質を含む第3の融合タンパク質と、第2のタンパク質及び多量化能を有するタンパク質を含む第4の融合タンパク質と、多量化能を有するタンパク質及び蛍光タンパク質を含む第5の融合タンパク質とを、細胞内に発現させる又は細胞に導入する工程
(2) 前記細胞内における、第3の融合タンパク質と、第4の融合タンパク質と、第5の融合タンパク質との会合により生じる蛍光輝点を検出する工程
(3) 前記蛍光輝点の検出により、第1のタンパク質と第2のタンパク質との相互作用を判定する工程。 - 前記蛍光タンパク質が単量体蛍光タンパク質である、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 多量化能を有するタンパク質をコードするDNAと、蛍光タンパク質をコードするDNAと、クローニング部位とを含み、該クローニング部位に任意のタンパク質をコードするDNAが挿入されることにより、前記多量化能を有するタンパク質、前記蛍光タンパク質及び前記任意のタンパク質を含む融合タンパク質を発現させることができるベクター。
- 下記(a)~(h)からなる群から選択される少なくとも一の物質及び使用説明書を含む、請求項1~3のうちのいずれか一項に記載の方法に用いられるためのキット
(a)請求項6に記載のベクター
(b)第1の融合タンパク質をコードするベクター
(c)第2の融合タンパク質をコードするベクター
(d)第1の融合タンパク質をコードするベクターを保持する形質転換細胞
(e)第2の融合タンパク質をコードするベクターを保持する形質転換細胞
(f)第1の融合タンパク質をコードするベクターと第2の融合タンパク質をコードするベクターとを保持する形質転換細胞
(g)第1の融合タンパク質
(h)第2の融合タンパク質。 - 下記(a)~(h)からなる群から選択される少なくとも一の物質及び使用説明書を含む、請求項4又は5に記載の方法に用いられるためのキット
(a)多量化能を有するタンパク質をコードするDNAとクローニング部位とを含み、該クローニング部位に任意のタンパク質をコードするDNAが挿入されることにより、前記多量化能を有するタンパク質及び前記任意のタンパク質を含む融合タンパク質を発現させることができるベクター
(b)第3の融合タンパク質をコードするベクター
(c)第4の融合タンパク質をコードするベクター
(d)第5の融合タンパク質をコードするベクター
(e)第5の融合タンパク質をコードするベクターを保持する形質転換細胞
(f)第3の融合タンパク質
(g)第4の融合タンパク質
(h)第5の融合タンパク質。 - 第1のタンパク質と第2のタンパク質との相互作用を検出するための方法であって、下記工程(1)~(3)を含む方法
(1)アフィニティタグ及び第1のタンパク質を含む第1の標識化タンパク質と、アフィニティタグ及び第2のタンパク質を含む第2の標識化タンパク質と、前記アフィニティタグに対して親和性を有する結合パートナーが結合しており、かつ多量化能を有するタンパク質及び蛍光タンパク質を含む、第6の融合タンパク質とを、細胞内に発現させる又は細胞に導入する工程
(2) 前記細胞内における、第1の標識化タンパク質と、第2の標識化タンパク質と、前記結合パートナーが結合している第6の融合タンパク質との会合により生じる蛍光輝点を検出する工程
(3) 前記蛍光輝点の検出により、第1のタンパク質と第2のタンパク質との相互作用を判定する工程。 - 下記(a)~(h)からなる群から選択される少なくとも一の物質及び使用説明書を含む、請求項9に記載の方法に用いられるためのキット
(a)アフィニティタグをコードするDNAとクローニング部位とを含み、該クローニング部位に任意のタンパク質をコードするDNAが挿入されることにより、前記アフィニティタグを含む融合タンパク質を発現させることができるベクター
(b)第1の標識化タンパク質をコードするベクター
(c)第2の標識化タンパク質をコードするベクター
(d)前記結合パートナーが結合している第6の融合タンパク質を、コードするベクター
(e)前記結合パートナーが結合している第6の融合タンパク質をコードするベクターを、保持する形質転換細胞
(f)第1の標識化タンパク質
(g)第2の標識化タンパク質
(h)前記結合パートナーが結合している第6の融合タンパク質。 - 第1のタンパク質と第2のタンパク質との相互作用を検出するための方法であって、下記工程(1)~(3)を含む方法
(1)蛍光タンパク質を構成する第1の部分ペプチド及び第1のタンパク質を含む第7の融合タンパク質と、蛍光タンパク質を構成する第1の部分ペプチド及び第2のタンパク質を含む第8の融合タンパク質と、第1の部分ペプチドに結合することによって蛍光タンパク質が再構成し得る第2の部分ペプチド、及び多量化能を有するタンパク質を含む第9の融合タンパク質とを、細胞内に発現させる又は細胞に導入する工程
(2) 前記細胞内における、第7の融合タンパク質と、第8の融合タンパク質と、第9の融合タンパク質との会合により生じる蛍光輝点を検出する工程
(3) 前記蛍光輝点の検出により、第1のタンパク質と第2のタンパク質との相互作用を判定する工程。 - 下記(a)~(h)からなる群から選択される少なくとも一の物質及び使用説明書を含む、請求項11に記載の方法に用いられるためのキット
(a)第1の部分ペプチドをコードするDNAとクローニング部位とを含み、該クローニング部位に任意のタンパク質をコードするDNAが挿入されることにより、第1の部分ペプチドを含む融合タンパク質を発現させることができるベクター
(b)第7の融合タンパク質をコードするベクター
(c)第8の融合タンパク質をコードするベクター
(d)第9の融合タンパク質をコードするベクター
(e)第9の融合タンパク質をコードするベクターを保持する形質転換細胞
(f)第7の融合タンパク質
(g)第8の融合タンパク質
(h)第9の融合タンパク質。 - 第1のタンパク質と第2のタンパク質との相互作用を検出するための方法であって、下記工程(1)~(3)を含む方法
(1)多量化能を有するタンパク質を構成する第3の部分ペプチド及び第1のタンパク質を含む第10の融合タンパク質と、多量化能を有するタンパク質を構成する第3の部分ペプチド及び第2のタンパク質を含む第11の融合タンパク質と、第3の部分ペプチドに結合することによって多量化能を有するタンパク質が再構成し得る第4の部分ペプチド、及び蛍光タンパク質を含む第12の融合タンパク質とを、細胞内に発現させる又は細胞に導入する工程
(2) 前記細胞内における、第10の融合タンパク質と、第11の融合タンパク質と、第12の融合タンパク質との会合により生じる蛍光輝点を検出する工程
(3) 前記蛍光輝点の検出により、第1のタンパク質と第2のタンパク質との相互作用を判定する工程。 - 下記(a)~(h)からなる群から選択される少なくとも一の物質及び使用説明書を含む、請求項13に記載の方法に用いられるためのキット
(a)第3の部分ペプチドをコードするDNAとクローニング部位とを含み、該クローニング部位に任意のタンパク質をコードするDNAが挿入されることにより、第3の部分ペプチドを含む融合タンパク質を発現させることができるベクター
(b)第10の融合タンパク質をコードするベクター
(c)第11の融合タンパク質をコードするベクター
(d)第12の融合タンパク質をコードするベクター
(e)第12の融合タンパク質をコードするベクターを保持する形質転換細胞
(f)第10の融合タンパク質
(g)第11の融合タンパク質
(h)第12の融合タンパク質。 - 第1のタンパク質と第2のタンパク質と第3のタンパク質との相互作用を検出するための方法であって、下記工程(1)~(3)を含む方法
(1) 第1のタンパク質及び多量化能を有するタンパク質を含む第13の融合タンパク質と、第2のタンパク質及び多量化能を有するタンパク質を含む第14の融合タンパク質と、第3のタンパク質及び蛍光タンパク質を含む第15の融合タンパク質とを、細胞内に発現させる又は細胞に導入する工程
(2) 前記細胞内における第13の融合タンパク質と第14の融合タンパク質と第15の融合タンパク質との会合により生じる蛍光輝点を検出する工程
(3) 前記蛍光輝点の検出により、第1のタンパク質と第2のタンパク質と第3のタンパク質との相互作用を判定する工程。 - 下記(a)~(h)からなる群から選択される少なくとも一の物質及び使用説明書を含む、請求項15に記載の方法に用いられるためのキット
(a)多量化能を有するタンパク質をコードするDNAとクローニング部位とを含み、該クローニング部位に任意のタンパク質をコードするDNAが挿入されることにより、多量化能を有するタンパク質を含む融合タンパク質を発現させることができるベクター
(b)蛍光タンパク質をコードするDNAとクローニング部位とを含み、該クローニング部位に任意のタンパク質をコードするDNAが挿入されることにより、蛍光タンパク質を含む融合タンパク質を発現させることができるベクター
(c)第13の融合タンパク質をコードするベクター
(d)第14の融合タンパク質をコードするベクター
(e)第15の融合タンパク質をコードするベクター
(f)第13の融合タンパク質
(g)第14の融合タンパク質
(h)第15の融合タンパク質。 - 第1のタンパク質と第2のタンパク質との相互作用を判定するための方法であって、第1の多量化能を有するタンパク質と第2の多量化能を有するタンパク質とは異なるタンパク質であり、かつ下記工程(1)~(3)を含む方法
(1) 第1のタンパク質、第1の多量化能を有するタンパク質及び蛍光タンパク質を含む第16の融合タンパク質と、第2のタンパク質及び第2の多量化能を有するタンパク質を含む第17の融合タンパク質とを、細胞内に発現させる又は細胞に導入する工程
(2) 前記細胞内における第16の融合タンパク質と第17の融合タンパク質との会合により生じる蛍光輝点を検出する工程
(3) 前記蛍光輝点の検出により、第1のタンパク質と第2のタンパク質との相互作用を判定する工程。 - 下記(a)~(f)からなる群から選択される少なくとも一の物質及び使用説明書を含む、請求項17に記載の方法に用いられるためのキット
(a)第1の多量化能を有するタンパク質をコードするDNAと、蛍光タンパク質をコードするDNAと、クローニング部位とを含み、該クローニング部位に任意のタンパク質をコードするDNAが挿入されることにより、第1の多量化能を有するタンパク質、前記蛍光タンパク質及び前記任意のタンパク質を含む融合タンパク質を発現させることができるベクター
(b)第2の多量化能を有するタンパク質をコードするDNAと、蛍光タンパク質をコードするDNAと、クローニング部位とを含み、該クローニング部位に任意のタンパク質をコードするDNAが挿入されることにより、第2の多量化能を有するタンパク質、前記蛍光タンパク質及び前記任意のタンパク質を含む融合タンパク質を発現させることができるベクター
(c)第16の融合タンパク質をコードするベクター
(d)第17の融合タンパク質をコードするベクター
(e)第16の融合タンパク質
(f)第17の融合タンパク質。
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US (1) | US10761085B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3156484A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2015190529A1 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2951630A1 (ja) |
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Cited By (2)
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WO2018235787A1 (ja) * | 2017-06-19 | 2018-12-27 | 株式会社医学生物学研究所 | 蛍光タンパク質を用いたタンパク質間相互作用の判定方法 |
JP2019515252A (ja) * | 2016-03-15 | 2019-06-06 | ラボラトリー コーポレイション オブ アメリカ ホールディングス | 細胞間のタンパク質相互作用を評価する方法 |
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CN114645065A (zh) * | 2020-12-17 | 2022-06-21 | 华东理工大学 | 一种新型光-化学小分子双诱导基因表达系统 |
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JP2019515252A (ja) * | 2016-03-15 | 2019-06-06 | ラボラトリー コーポレイション オブ アメリカ ホールディングス | 細胞間のタンパク質相互作用を評価する方法 |
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Also Published As
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SG11201610359QA (en) | 2017-01-27 |
SG10201810877TA (en) | 2019-01-30 |
US20170122932A1 (en) | 2017-05-04 |
EP3156484A1 (en) | 2017-04-19 |
EP3156484A4 (en) | 2017-12-27 |
JPWO2015190529A1 (ja) | 2017-04-20 |
US10761085B2 (en) | 2020-09-01 |
CA2951630A1 (en) | 2015-12-17 |
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